Unit 8. The atmosphere.

Transcription

1 Unit 8. The atmosphere. Adapted from Natural Science. 1º ESO. Anaya Natural Science 1º ESO NAME 1

2 INDEX 1. VOCABULARY VOCABULARIO UNIT CHART...Cover and 3 4. UNIT ACTIVITIES AND NOTES VOCABULARIO TEMA 8. The atmosphere Here you have 5 key words of this Unit. You have to study them. If you include more definition in your notebook, you will have extra points in your notebook marks. Greenhouse effect. Steady increase in the Earth's average lower atmosphere (near surface) temperature due to heat retention caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (including water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs) Global Warming. A phenomenon that is largely caused by the emission of greenhouse gases through various human activities and consequently leads to unwanted changes in the climate Ozone layer. A region of the upper atmosphere, between about 15 and 30 kilometers (10 and 20 miles) in altitude, containing a relatively high concentration of ozone that absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation. Renewable energy. a form of energy derived from a natural source, such as the sun, wind, tides, or waves Cabon footprint a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by a single household, or individual through day-to-day activities over a given period 2

3 VOCABULARIO TEMA 8. LA ATMÓSFERA De cada palabra escribe su definición, un ejemplo si te lo pido y su traducción al inglés. No olvides incluirlo en tu cuaderno. 1. Radiación ultravioleta 2. Troposfera 3. Capa de ozono 4. Dióxido de Carbono 5. Pluviómetro 6. Isobaras 7. Efecto invernadero 8. CFC 9. Cambio climático 10. Combustibles fósiles. Ejemplos 11. Energía renovable 3

4 Activity 1.Write the translation to these words 1. atmosphere 14. lack 27. to fight 2. clean up 15. nature reserve 28. to melt 3. climate 16. oil spill 29. to plug in 4. emissions 17. ozone layer 30. to produce 5. fan 18. preservation 31. to punish 6. fossil fuels 19.. renewable energy 32. to resolve 7. global warming 20. Rescue 33. to stop 8. greenhouse effect 21. skin 34. to suffer 9. Hole 22. to affect 35. to turn off 10. Ice 23. to be aware of 36. tropical 11. in danger of extinction 24. to cause 37. aerosol 12. Land 25. to diminish 13. Earth 26. to exploit Activity 2. Pay attention to the Power point. Atmosphere layers and composition Label the layers of the atmosphere: Presentation. Label the levels and their information. Label the gases in the atmosphere, their percentage and how they are made or used. Oxygen: Argon: Nitrogen: Carbon Dioxide: 4

5 Activity 3. Match the words with their definitions COLUMN A COLUMN B 1. The symbol of this colorless and odorless gas is N 2 a. The mesosphere. 2. This gas is necessary for photosynthesis. b. The atmosphere. 3. The first living beings produced this by photosynthesis. c. The troposphere. 4. It is divided into four layers. d. Nitrogen. 5. This is the highest and the thickest layer of (4). e. Oxygen. 6. This layer of (4) contains clouds of dust. f. The ionosphere. 7. The ozone layer is found here. g. Carbon dioxide. 8. It contains 80 % of the total mass of the atmosphere. h. The stratosphere. Activity 4. Which layer of the atmosphere corresponds to each of the following descriptions? A. It is 12 km deep and meteorological phenomena take place in it..... B. It is 30 km deep and meteorites disintegrate in it.... C. It is 38 km deep and absorption of ultraviolet radiation takes place here, owing to the ozone in this layer... D. The most harmful radiation of the Sun is absorbed in it, and the temperature can be more than 1, 000 C. Activity 5. Fill in the blanks: The atmosphere has. layers. The highest layer is the.., where the aurora borealis takes place. The next layer is the. and there meteorites disintegrate, producing what are called The stratosphere is a layer inside of which there is an area called the, where a gas,, is abundant. This gas is of vital importance because it absorbs the. rays of the Sun, which are harmful. The inner layer is the.., where phenomena take place and where all living beings of the Earth can be found. 5

6 Activity 4. Read and answer: AURORAS! MYSTERIOUS LIGHTS IN THE SKY In the far, far North, in the long dark nights, often you ll see mysterious lights. They re called the auroras and they shimmer and like curtains of color, they wave and they flow. Each aurora is different, no two are alike. They are different colors and some are quite bright. Up here in the North, when people see them at sometimes they call them the Northern Lights. Auroras can happen far, far in the South, late in the night, when few people are out. Green, blue, and red, they can be quite bright! Down here they re called the Southern Lights. Every once in a while, maybe once a year, auroras can be seen almost anywhere. Just outside your home on a very dark night, you may see them glow and shimmer so bright. So what causes these mysterious lights that shimmer and glow in the sky late at night? They re caused by the Sun, which has solar storm. Solar wind blows to Earth and auroras are formed. How do we know this? How are we sure? There are scientists who study the Sun and the Earth. We know that the Sun causes auroras to glow, but there s still more to learn, and more we don t know. Satellites gather images of the Earth and the Sun, and scientists study the one by one. The images show the sun and its storms, and the places on Earth where auroras are formed! So, if you find yourself out late, late at night, and you happen to see these mysterious lights it s no mystery to you! You can tell everyone! You know they re auroras caused by the sun. - Underlined all the unknown words - The auroras are produced by - Where could we see the aurora? Activity 5. Write three reasons why the atmosphere is essential for life. Use these ideas: a) Sun s radiation b) Gases and living things c) Control of Earth s temperature 6

7 Activity 6. Read the text and answer the questions. The greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon which is essential for keeping the temperatures on Earth suitable for life. The atmosphere absorbs a lot of solar radiation. C02 in the atmosphere acts like the glass walls of a greenhouse, trapping heat and preventing it from returning into space. In this way, the Earth does not lose too much heat. However, the amount of C02 has increased over the last 200 years because more fossil fuels are burned as the population of humans and domestic animals has increased. Some C02 is dissolved in the oceans and absorbed by plants. Unfortunately, we are destroying forests, the Earth's 'green lungs', and not doing much to reduce our consumption of coal, gas and oil. So more C02 is produced, more heat is trapped in the atmosphere, and the average temperature of the Earth is rising. - What is the greenhouse effect? - What are the positive and negative aspects of the greenhouse effect? - The Greenhouse Effect is good because - The greenhouse effect is due to the presence in the troposphere of CO2 and watervapour, which absorb ultraviolet radiation and increase the Earth s temperature. Is this sentence correct. Why? Why not? 7

8 Activity 7. Draw what carbon dioxide does for the weather and complete from the power point: Atmosphere layers and composition -It infrared light and sent to earth by the - It as to control the planet s -If there is too much the earth s temperature will! Activity 8.Select the right words to complete this sentence to explain the greenhouse effect.atmosphere/ heats /rays/ earth/ gases/ trapped /escape /space The sun s hit the earth and some are reflected back into. However in the such as carbon dioxide (CO2) form a barrier for sunlight. The sun s rays hit the but when reflected back into space they are in the atmosphere. The sun s rays cannot from the atmosphere and the earth up How are extra greenhouse gases produced? Activity 9. Watch the video in the wiki The carbon Cycle and answer a) How are increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? b) How are decreased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Extra greenhouse gases are produced through activities which release carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons). These activities include: Burning coal and petrol, known as fossil fuels Animal waste which lets off methane Cutting down of rainforests and other forests 8

9 What is climate change? Scientists believe that the temperature of the earth is rising because of an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases, the main one being carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), into the atmosphere. They describe the release of CO 2 into the atmosphere as carbon emissions. GLOBAL WARMING is the increase of the Earth s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere CLIMATE CHANGE is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation. Activity 10. Activity 11. Activity 12. Pay attention to the presentation: Quickest ever slide show on global warming and copy the consequences of Global warming 9

10 Activity 13. Copy the main ideas from the video Climate Change the basis Activity 14. A.Look at the picture and write ten things that contribute to climate chage b- Explain how three of them contribute to climate change Activity 15. Imagine that you have been asked to set up your own International Climate Change Conference in your school. Now you have to think about 3 ACTIONS to combat climate change in 1. PERSONALSOLUTIONS 2. SCHOOL- HOME SOLUTIONS 3. NATIONAL-INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS WE COULD MAKE OUR ACTION TREE 10

11 Activity 16. What effects do the following types of atmospheric pollution cause? A. Nitrogen and sulphur oxides in contact with the humidity of the atmosphere. B. Burning of fossil combustibles with increased emission of CO2.. C. Use of CFC in aerosols and air conditioning machines. Simple Things To Do Turn off your computer or the TV when you re not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use compact fluorescent bulbs. Dress lightly when it s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning. Or use a fan. Dress warmly when it s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car. Plant a tree. AND THE MOST IMPORTANT: REDUCE. Don t buy it if you don t need it Activity 17. Draw one of them in a different piece of paper to our ACTION TREE 11

12 REVIEW 1. It s a... but it doesn t... in other planets in the Solar System. Only our... has a lot of it. What is it? 2. This a kind of house made of... and it is used to grow... because the temperature is... in it. What s its name? 3. You cannot...it but you know it is here because it... the... What is it? 4. If the temperature..., the ice will..., the sea level will rise and coastal cities will be 5. There are two... of solid water...:... and 6. If an airplane... is broken when it s metres high the passengers will... because of the lack of... the pressure difference, and the very low 7. It s a... with lots of... and heavy... What is it? 8. It s a... in the atmosphere and it s very... because it contains a gas which... us from harmful rays. What is its name? 9. Today the atmospheric... is very... and the... of the sky is 10. Some cities are very... and people get... Which body...is affected? 11. If we want to reduce global... we should plant more trees and... using oil, gas and... because they release a special gas into the atmosphere. Which gas? 12. It s It isn t... and it isn t warm. What is it? 13. When the... in a... map are very close together the... are going to be very 14. The ultraviolet rays can come through the... in the ozone layer and cause diseases in a part of the human... Which part is it? 15. When it s warm, the water... and goes up until it gets into... zones of the atmosphere and it condenses and something appears in the... What are they? 12