Hydrogen in a sustainable energy system

Transcription

1 Hydrogen in a sustainable energy system - a combination of storage medium and fuel" Dr. Johannes Töpler, Deutscher Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellenverband (DWV)

2 25000 A possible Scenario of World Energy Mtoe [Millions of Tons of Oil Equivalent] Nuclear Energy PV Coal 5000 Nat.Gas Oil Quelle: LBST Alternative World Energy Outlook 2005 Biomass SOT Wind Geothermal Heat Solarthermal Heat Geothermal Electricity Solarthermal Electricity PV Electricity Wind Power Water Power Jahr

3 Future primary energy supply

4 Fluctuating renewable electricity Vertical load curve and feed-in of wind power in E.ON grid Supply outreaches demand by far Vertical load Supply cannot satisfy demand Estimated wind power 2020 Wind power 2007 Date

5 Hydrogen as secondary energy carrier Electricity Hydrogen or: Or: Methanisation

6 Comparison of netto-storage capacities 8000 Bei einem Storage Speichervolumen of V von = 8 V Mio. = 8 Mio. m 3 m³ Source: KBB UT Wind Leistung Power in in MW AA CAES AA 23 CAES GWh H 2 H2 Gas (GuD) /vapor turbine ca GWh (1.3 TWh) 0 Pumpspeicher storage 5 GWh Time Zeit in (days) d 8 Mio. m 3 correspond to the biggest German natural gas caverne field For comparison: Pump storage Goldisthal has a Volume of 12 Mio. m 3

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8 Consequence: Hydrogen makes - renewable primary energies ready for basic power supply - the energy transition affordable!

9 Daimler, FCell Packaging Fuel Cell Stack Power Distribution Unit (PDU) Battery Hydrogen Storage Cooling System Electric Drive System Module

10 Fuel Cell vehicle Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric motor Air module Essential Facts Lithium-Ion battery Hydrogen tank Fuel Cell Hydrogen module 1) Vehicle is constructed, fabricated and approved under serial condititions. 2) It was tested by a turn of 125 days around the world with km Start of serial production of Fuel-Cell cars at Daimler in 2017

11 Gasoline/ Diesel- Vehicles Comparison of Power-Trains II (double range) C n H 2(n+1) + (3n+1)/2 O 2 nco 2 + (n+1)/2 H 2 O H 2 /FC- vehicles Anode: H 2 2 H e - Cathode: 2 H + + ½O e - H 2 O Sum: H 2 + ½O 2 H 2 O Battery- Vehicles Cathode: Li x C n nc + x Li + + x e - Anode: Li 1-x Mn 2 O 4 + xli +xe - LiMn 2 O Batt.: Li 1-x Mn 2 O 4 +Li x C n LiMn 2 O 4 +nc

12 Powertrain of a H 2 /FC-hybrid-vehicle Electricity- Management Hydrogen Electricity Heat

13 Market segments for batteryand fuel cell vehicles Annual range (1000 km) > 20 Fuel cell vehicles hybridised Battery- Vehicles < 10 Plug-in-Vehicles FC- Vehicles Compakt Class Medium Class Comfort-Class c l a s s o f v e h i c l e s Original-Source: Coalition Study

14 Number of passenger vehicles (hybrid) which can be supplied per ha Annual mileage passenger vehicle: 12,000 km Diesel engine Otto engine Fuel cell Reference vehicle: VW Golf Bandwidth *) *) [Passenger vehicles/ha] Biodiesel (RME) Ethanol wheat Ethanol short rotation forestry Bio-methane BTL CGH2 short rotation forestry LH2 short rotation forestry CGH2 PV LH2 PV CGH2 windpower LH2 windpower Source: LBST *) more than 99% of the land area can still be used for other purposes e.g. agriculture

15 Comparison of Fuel Cell System and Internal Combustion Engine Efficiency in % Medium Power Passenger Car Bus /Truck Fuel Cell Systems with Hydrogen Source: IBZ Power in %

16 W-t-W with renewable electricity : H 2 or CNG for mobile application of passenger cars in NEDC η (%) 100 Electricity from Wind, PV Central Electrolysis Hydrogen -Supply at Dispenser (incl. Transport and Compression) Fuel Cell Hybrid Propuslsion Test: 1470 kg 52 % From: www. OPTIRESOURCE.com; D. Kreyenberg/J. Wind, Daimler, 5. Dt. H2-Congress Berlin CNG-Supply at dispenser (H 2 and CO 2 from Biogas for SNG Synthesis, incclusively CO 2 - Compression a. Transport) Well-to-Wheel Process steps H2-FCV CNG-Otto PISI 22 % Energy balance till supply at filling station: 56 % = TTW 84 MJ/100km/ WTW 150 MJ/100km x100 or TTW 188 MJ/100km/ WTW 340 MJ/100 km X100 oder at wheel 10 %, when CO 2 from air is applied

17 W-t-W with renewable electricity : H 2 or CNG for mobile application of passenger cars in NEDC (normalized to 1 for final energy at wheel) E prim 8,1 Electricity from Wind, PV Central Electrolysis CNG-Supply at dispenser (H 2 and CO 2 from Biogas for SNG Synthesis, incclusively CO 2 - Compression a. Transport) Otto-CNG- Antrieb: 22 % Fuel Cell Hybrid Propuslsion Test: 1470 kg 52 % From: www. OPTIRESOURCE.com; D. Kreyenberg/J. Wind, Daimler, 5. Dt. H2-Congress Berlin ,6 4,5 3,4 2,4 1,9 1 H 2 Supply at Dispenser (incl. Transport and Compression) Well-to-Wheel Process steps CNG-Otto PISI 22 % H2-FCV 52% Energy balance till supply at filling station: 56 % = TTW 84 MJ/100km/ WTW 150 MJ/100km x100 or TTW 188 MJ/100km/ WTW 340 MJ/100 km X100 oder at wheel 10 %, when CO 2 from air is applied

18 Optiresource (Daimler AG) See: optiresource/index.html

19 The first fuel cell passenger ship in Hamburg 72,500 kg of CO kg of NOx 220 kg of SOx 40 kg of particles will not be emitted per year! Source:Alster Touristik GmbH

20 Consequence: Hydrogen - introduces renewable energies into mobility, - enables electric vehicles to reach long distances - and makes mobility CO 2 -free.

21 Thank you very much for your attention! And see us occasionally at Which are the questions I can answer at first?