Why does a wind turbine have three blades?

Transcription

1 Why does a wind turbine have three blades? 1980 Monopteros 1983 Growian 1982 Darrieus Page 1

2 Why does a wind turbine have three blades? 1. It is because they look nicer? 2. Or because three blades are quieter? 3. Or because three blades extract most energy out of the wind nearly 100%? Page 2

3 Why does a wind turbine have three blades? The answer is #1: Three blades are the best option for cost, energy and everybody liking the appearance. Just a note: It isn t physically possible to extract 100% of the energy. 59% is the maximum. Page 3

4 The energy system in transition Which are the energies of the future? Power generation Yesterday Today Tomorrow Page 4

5 Renewable technologies with different maturity levels Development Launch Growth Maturity Exit Biomass Photovoltaic Hydro power Ocean Power Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) 2G Biofuels Wind power Activities Siemens AG Renewable Energy Others Page 5

6 Siemens Renewable Energy Business portfolio Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Concentrated Solar Power Photovoltaic Small Hydro Page 6

7 Early days of wind power 1888: Brush Windmill, USA Rotor diameter: 17m Nominal power: 12 kw 80,000 pound turbine Built in the winter of in Charles F. Brush's back yard Page 7

8 World s largest offshore wind farm 2009: Horns Rev II, Denmark 30 km from the Danish coast 91 turbines from Siemens 210 MW Enough to supply ~200,000 households with electricity 2010: Greater Gabbard 2011 / 2012: London Array Page 8

9 New turbine: SWT Larger diameter (blade length) allows production of more electrical power in moderate wind conditions Higher performance in offshore locations Direct Drive Enables direct connection between rotor and generator w/o gearbox losses Lower weight and moving parts Reduced maintenance Offshore floating Floating offshore turbines can be installed in greater water depths Reduced visual impact and increased power production due to strong and stable wind conditions Integral Blades Unique integrated blade with excellent power and noise performance Improved reliability by "One shot" process (no glue joints) "State-of-the-art" technology Page 9

10 The next generation of wind turbines Cologne Cathedrale 1 st Generation 2 nd Generation 3 rd Generation 4 th Generation 5 th Generation Page 10

11 World largest photovoltaic plant Olmedilla de Alarcón, Spain Built in 2008 The plant uses more than 160,000 solar photovoltaic panels to generate 60 MWp Page 11

12 The Beginning of Concentrated Solar Power Frank Shuman *1862 l 1917/ : Steam generation for water pumps in Egypt 5 rows parabolic mirrors, 88 kw Page 12

13 Concentrated Solar Power power plant today Lebrija 1, Spain Capacity of 50 MW Parabolic trough technology Thermal oil as heat transfer fluid Built by Siemens (former Solel) and Valoriza (under construction) Page 13

14 Four different CSP technologies for large-scale applications Parabolic Trough Central Tower Linear Fresnel with steam turbine Stirling Dish Engine Page 14

15 Receiver technology key in CSP SSG Solar Field Collector Receiver Reflector Field Control Modeling HTF System Power Block Steam Turbine Generator Control Syst. W/S Cyle BOP PM Civil Works Technical specification Absorption (α) >96% Emissivity (ε) typically 8.8% at 400 C Transmittance (t) average >96.5% AR coated along all glass aperture Active area to length ratio -96.3% Low profile radiation shield Patented getters device keeps vacuum level Coating durable in air, resistant to fluorescents phenomena Page 15

16 Comparison: All applications have their respective strengths There is no silver bullet Wind power Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Photovoltaics (PV) Besides hydro, lowest cost renewable energy source In first sites competitive with fossil generation Long proven technology Mature market with many large players and well established supply chain Very cost effective in large installations More than 20 years large scale experience Good peak coincidence Storage capabilities (base load, night) Combination with ISCC and process steam Lowest service requirements Easily scalable Very high siting versatility Broadest customer structure High maturity level Sites with high share of diffuse irradiation Good peak coincidence Page 16

17 What is coming next? Entry into promising ocean power market Overview Ocean Power is an attractive future market Market entry through technology bet investments MCT SeaGen prototype in Northern Ireland Technology synergies Blades Turbine & Generator MCT is a technology leader in marine current energy MCT installed first commercial prototype "SeaGen": 1.2 MW (2 x 600 kw) capacity Grid connected since 11/2008 produced 820 MWh (02/2010) Siemens acquires 10% stake Control Systems Power evacuation Offshore foundation Grid connection Page 17

18 Target: Drive renewable energies to wholesale parity Become competitive to fossil power generation Full generation costs EUR cents/kwh Wholesale price peak² Wholesale price baseload 1 mid-term long-term Photovoltaic increase of module efficiency technological innovation and process optimization economies of scale Concentrated Solar Power increase of plant size improvement of efficiency technological innovation for solar field components alternative heat transfer fluids Solar PV 3) Solar CSP 3) Offshore wind 4) Onshore wind 4) 1) California, gas price variation 2020 of /GJ, CO2 price variation 2020: /t 2) California; scenario return to pre-crisis prices by 2012, gas and CO2 price variation as for baseload 3) Location: California 4) Location: Europe Wind offshore and onshore increase of turbine size simplified design (direct drive) improved supply chain and logistic technological innovation (e.g. for blades, towers and foundations) Page 18

19 The DESERTEC concept renewable energies are the basis for the world s biggest clean energy vision Energy Sector plays a key role in the DII GmbH Offshore wind farms Photovoltaics HVDC power transmission lines Onshore wind power Concentrated Solar Power plant Solar field Receiver Power block Steam turbines Page 19

20 Renewables The enabler of undreamed-of possibilities! Thank you! Page 20