Country profile of Morocco

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1 Country profile of Morocco Evaluation of energy and climate policies compared to EU By: Erika de Visser, Luis Janeiro, Yvonne de Bie, Niklas Höhne May 2013

2 Table of content > Chapter 1 Introduction Slide 3 > Chapter 2 Methodology Slides 4-5 > Chapter 3 Results Slides 6-18 > Chapter 4 Conclusions Slides > References Slides > Annex 1 Overview of EU policies Slide > Annex 2 Conclusions and recommendations per policy area Slides

3 Chapter 1: Introduction Goal of the project: > to evaluate climate and energy policies in countries outside of the EU and to provide recommendations for policy opportunities for the transition to a sustainable energy supply in the respective country. Deliverables: > to develop a methodology to evaluate energy and climate policies in non EU countries. > to apply the methodology to two non-european countries, namely Morocco and Ukraine. 3

4 Chapter 2: Methodology Segments The analysis is categorized in key economic sectors (rows), and policy areas (columns), which together determine the individual segments (dotted lines) of the analysis: General energy and climate strategy Energy supply Industry Buildings Transport Energy Efficiency Renewable energy Low carbon strategies 4

5 Chapter 2: Methodology Benchmark and scores Benchmark: > The (technical) mitigation potential is measured, which means the extent the implemented policy packages in each country are able to exploit the technical potential. > For each segment is identified which policies apply. To measure the effectiveness of policy packages, both indicators that have positive impact (incentives) and negative impact (barriers) are defined, which together form a coherent and consistent strategy to achieve a long-term low-carbon future. s: > For each segment a segment score for the incentives on a scale of 0 to 4 is given as well for the barriers (-4 to 0) with a 4 for incentives meaning fully effective at capturing mitigation potential in that segment and a -4 for barriers meaning prevents policies from achieving reductions for this segment. Incentives Barriers

6 Chapter 3: Results Overview of Policies Energy Efficiency Renewables Low Carbon ENERGY SUPPLY There is no relevant policy instrument in place to incentivise /support energy efficiency in energy supply. Fuels for electricity production highly subsidised. I B Ambitious targets for 2020 Public investments and tendering process. No fiscal incentives such as tax or duty/exemptions on equipment. Low guarantee of regulatory stability. I B No relevant policies in place I INDUSTRY There has been public funding for a limited number of energy audits. Fuels for industrial use highly subsidised. I B Introduction of a net metering scheme is under discussion. Fuels for industrial use highly subsidised. I B No relevant policies in place I Introduction of a building code is under I B Programme'Shemsi' for solar water I B BUILDINGS discussion Fiscal incentives for the purchase of efficient light bulbs heaters. Introduction of a building code is under discussion. No relevant policies in place Fuels are highly subsidised. Fuels are highly subsidised. I B I B I TRANSPORT No relevant policies in place Fuels for transport are highly subsidised. No relevant policies in place Fuels for transport are highly subsidised. No relevant policies in place 6

7 Chapter 3: Results General energy and climate policy EFFICIENCY/RENEWABLES/LOW-CARBON GENERAL CLIMATE STRATEGY Assessment There is a renewable energy and energy efficiency target, but not a GHG target. Targets are set for 2020 and 2030, but not for However, the National Energy Strategy does not provide a comprehensive framework to achieve the targets. There is more attention for renewables than for energy efficiency, while energy use is expected to rise with 6-8% yearly. Morocco EU 7

8 Chapter 3: Results Energy efficiency in electricity and heat supply ENERGY EFFICIENCY ELECTRICITY AND HEAT SUPPLY Incentives Assessment There are a few incentives to improve the energy efficiency of fossil fuel power plants. One is a fund from FED (Fonds de Développement Energétique) covering the rehabilitation of assets of ONE (Office National de l Electricité). In 2009 ONE has submitted a grant proposal to the African development bank asking for more than US$ 120 million to finance a major work-over of the national energy distribution network. The work-over is expected to reduce transmission losses from 4,7% to 3.5%. Morocco EU Barriers Fuel oil for electricity production is highly subsidized. Price is in the order of 2600 DH/tonne while prices of fuel for industrial uses - which are already subsidized - are at 4666 DH/tonne. 8

9 Chapter 3: Results Renewable energy in electricity and heat supply RENEWABLE ENERGY ELECTRICITY AND HEAT SUPPLY Incentives Barriers Assessment By 2020, Morocco aims to produce 20% of all electricity from renewable energy sources. To achieve this objective, the country seeks to have a total installed renewable energy capacity of 6 GW (or 42% of the total installed capacity). The 20%-/42%-target by 2020 is ambitious, particularly considering the current share of renewables, which predominantly consists of long existing hydropower plants. SIE (Societé d'investissement Energétique) was created in 2009 with a fund to support renewables. The main policy instrument is public tendering of large-scale wind and solar power projects. No fiscal incentives such as tax or duty/exemptions on equipment exist. Overall attractiveness for domestic and foreign renewable energy investors is low, especially due to the absence of an effective regulatory support scheme. Grid connection agreement has to be negotiated with ONE on a project basis, creating big uncertainty about the connection costs. Another important technical barrier to renewable energy deployment in Morocco is the grid infrastructure. While in the northern part of the country the construction of wind power plants has triggered a technical adaption of the grid, the southern part is still not prepared for the integration of fluctuating renewable energy power. Morocco EU 9

10 Chapter 3: results Low carbon technologies in electricity and heat supply Assessment LOW CARBON Morocco EU ELECTRICITY AND HEAT SUPPLY Incentives No policy instruments to support fuel switch to lowcarbon fuels in place. No policy instruments to support CCS in place. Nuclear power is discussed as a long-term option. Barriers N.A N.A. N.A. 10

11 Chapter 3: Results Energy efficiency in industry ENERGY EFFICIENCY Assessment Morocco EU INDUSTRY Incentives Morocco is currently elaborating a National Program of Energy Efficiency in Industry, with the aim of developing the institutional and regulatory framework, provide support for energy audits and investments and training of professionals. The program s objectives ( ) are: Energy savings: TOE in 2014, TOE-eq in 2020 Carbon emission avoidance: 2 MtCO 2 -eq (2014), 7.5 MtCO 2 -eq (2020) Companies to be audited: 360 (2014), 1855 (2020) Some energy audits have been carried out with the financial support of the African Development Bank. The electric and thermal energy consumption characterization in 3 industrial zones (Casablanca, Agadir and Tanger) is in process. Despite these developments no policy instrument providing sufficient incentive for energy efficiency investments in industry (e.g. support schemes, voluntary agreements, emissions trading, energy and/or CO 2 taxes) is in place. Barriers Fuel oil for industrial use is subsidized. Even after the latest price raise in June 2012, the government subsidy is in the range of 2000 DH/tonne. Regulated price is 4666 DH/tonne. 11

12 Chapter 3: Results Renewable energy in industry Assessment RENEWABLE ENERGY Morocco EU INDUSTRY Incentives The option for RE auto production is given under the Renewable Energy Development Law of No specific policy instruments to incentivize an increase of RES in industry have been found. Introduction of a net metering scheme is under discussion. Barriers Fuel oil for industrial use is highly subsidised. Even after the latest price raise in June 2012, the government subsidy is in the range of 2000 DH/tonne. Regulated price is 4666 DH/tonne. 12

13 Chapter 3: Results Low carbon technologies in industry Assessment LOW CARBON Morocco EU Incentives There are no policy instruments to support CCS. INDUSTRY Barriers N.A. N.A N.A 13

14 Chapter 3: Results Energy efficiency in buildings ENERGY EFFICIENCY Assessment Morocco EU BUILDINGS Incentives Morocco is currently in the process of implementing a new building code. There are some fiscal incentives in place e.g. for compact fluorescent lamps (WEC, 2008) Barriers Fuels are subsidized e.g. the real market price of a 12 liter cooking gas bottles a widespread product is more than DH 100 (US$14) while the standard retail price is DH 40 (US$5.6) (Worldbank, 2012) 14

15 Chapter 3: Results Renewable energy in buildings Assessment RENEWABLE ENERGY Morocco EU BUILDINGS Incentives Programe Shemsi for solar water heaters. Depending on customer types, the program is available under the form of a financial assistance through the support of studies and experts funds, loans and regulatory requirements. (Aderee, 2012) Barriers Fuels are subsidized e.g. the real market price of a 12 liter cooking gas bottles a widespread product is more than DH 100 (US$14) while the standard retail price is DH 40 (US$5.6) (Worldbank, 2012) 15

16 Chapter 3: Results Energy efficiency in transport ENERGY EFFICIENCY Assessment Morocco EU TRANSPORT Incentives No policy instrument incentivising energy efficiency in the transport sector in place. The reduction of the energy intensity of transport and the conversion of transport modes to less carbon-intensive fuels in Casablanca was cited in the Moroccan submission to the Clean Technology Development Programme as a possible application of funds under the programme. Barriers Transportation fuels are subsidised. Even after the latest price raise in June 2012, the government subsidises 3.35 DH/litre of gasoil. Regulated price is 8.15 DH/liter. 16

17 Chapter 3: Results Renewable energy in transport Assessment RENEWABLE ENERGY Morocco EU Incentives No specific policy incentivising renewables in the transport sector in place. TRANSPORT Barriers Transportation fuels are subsidised. Even after the latest price raise in June 2012, the government subsidises 3.35 DH/litre of gasoil. Regulated price is 8.15 DH/litre. 17

18 Chapter 3: Results Low carbon technologies in transport Assessment LOW CARBON Morocco EU Incentives No specific policy incentivising low-carbon technologies in the transport sector in place. TRANSPORT Barriers N.A. N.A. N.A. 18

19 Chapter 4: Conclusions Electricity and heat supply Sector assessment electricity and heat supply > No policy instruments in place to incentivise efficiency of energy supply. > Despite having set very ambitious renewables targets, Morocco is still lacking a comprehensive renewable energy strategy, which would address support for renewable energy in the long-term. Apart from public tendering for large-scale wind and solar power projects, there is no effective support scheme that would provide a strong incentive for investments in small-scale projects. > Grid connection agreement has to be negotiated with ONE on a project basis, creating big uncertainty about the connection costs. > Fuel oil for electricity production is highly subsidised. Price is in the order of 2600 DH/tonne while fuel for industrial uses - which is already subsidised - prices at 4666 DH/tonne. 19

20 Chapter 4: Conclusions Electricity and heat supply Policy Recommendations electricity and heat supply > Progressive and socially compatible phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies > Implementation of policy incentives for the adoption of energy efficiency measures e.g. energy or carbon taxes, market mechanisms such as emissions trade or white certificates and/or standards. > Implementation of a long term framework for the support of renewables. > Providing a clearer regulatory framework for the connection of renewables to the grid. 20

21 Chapter 4: Conclusions Industry Sector assessment industry > No policy instrument providing sufficient incentive for energy efficiency investments in industry (e.g. support schemes, voluntary agreements, white certificates, emissions trading, energy and/or CO 2 taxes) is in place. > There are, however, some developments in this area: Elaboration of the National Program of Energy Efficiency in Industry, with the aim of developing the institutional and regulatory framework, provide support for energy audits and investments and training of professionals. Some energy audits have been carried out with the financial support of the African Development Bank and the characterization of industrial energy consumption in Casablanca, Agadir and Tanger is in process. 21

22 Chapter 4: Conclusions Industry > Apart from discussions on the implementation of a net metering scheme, there is no specific policy instrument to incentivize the uptake of renewable energies in the industrial sector is in place. > Fuel oil for industrial use is highly subsidised. Even after the latest price raise in June 2012, the government subsidy is in the range of 2000 DH/tonne. Regulated price is 4666 DH/tonne. 22

23 Chapter 4: Conclusions Industry Policy recommendations industry > Progressive and socially compatible phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies > Implementation of policy incentives for the adoption of energy efficiency measures e.g. energy or carbon taxes, market mechanisms such as emissions trade or white certificates and/or standards. > Implementation of a net metering scheme to incentivise investments in on-site renewable energy. 23

24 Chapter 4: Conclusions Buildings Sector assessment buildings > In 2009 Morocco launched a programme to develop an energy efficiency code for the built environment. This code, which is still to be approved, will target hospitals, hotels, national education and residential buildings. > Programme 'Shemsi' was established to spread the use of solar water heaters. The programme aims at increasing the installed surface to 1.7 million m2 by Depending on customer types, the program is available under the form of a financial assistance through the support of studies and experts funds, loans or regulatory requirements. Source: ADEREE > Fuels are still highly subsidised e.g. the real market price of a 12 liter cooking gas bottles a widespread product is more than DH 100 (US$14) while the standard retail price is DH 40 (US$5.6) (Worldbank, 2012) 24

25 Chapter 4: Conclusions Buildings Policy recommendations buildings > Progressive and socially compatible phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies. > Implementation of the building code. > Adoption of minimum efficiency standards for household appliances. > Implementation of a net metering scheme to incentivise investments in on-site renewable energy. 25

26 Chapter 4: Conclusions Sector Conclusions Transport Sector assessment transport > No policies to incentivise energy efficiency, renewable energies or low carbon technologies in the transport sector are in place. > Transportation fuels are subsidised. Even after the latest price raise in June 2012, the government subsidises 3.35 DH/litre of gasoil. Regulated price is 8.15 DH/litre. 26

27 Chapter 4: Conclusions Transport Policy recommendations transport > Progressive and socially compatible phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies. > Adoption of minimum emission standards for cars and trucks. > Adoption of minimum biofuels blending requirements for road transport fuels. 27

28 Chapter 5: Overall conclusions > Morocco has great potential for: Renewable energy (solar and wind) Energy efficiency (expected energy use growth ~6% per year) > Ambitious first steps made, establishing national renewable and energy efficiency targets > Detailed policies to implement the targets are largely lacking > Major barriers are fuel subsidies in all sectors 28

29 References Ecofys, EU Climate Policy Tracker. Published in November 2011 by WWF. Ministère de l'aménagement du Territoìre, du l'urbanisme, de l'habitat et de l'environnement, Seconde Communication Nationale a la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques. Available from: World Energy Council, Energy Efficiency Policies around the World: Review and Evaluation. ISBN: Royaume du Maroc. Ministère de l Energie, des Mines, de l Eau et de l Environnement, La nouvelle Stratégie Energétique Nationale. September Royaume du Maroc. Ministère de l Energie, des Mines, de l Eau et de l Environnement,2010. Loi relative aux énergies renouvelables. June 2010 Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE), Provision of Technical Support/Services for an Economical, Technological and Environmental Impact Assessment of National Regulations and Incentives for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. Country Report Morocco (DRAFT). January

30 References Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE), Provision of Technical Support/Services for an Economical, Technological and Environmental Impact Assessment of National Regulations and Incentives for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. Policies for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in the RCREEE Group of Countries. April 2010 Worldbank, The real cost of fossil fuel subsidies. Available from Royaume du Maroc. Ministère de l Energie, des Mines, de l Eau et de l Environnement, Stratégie Energétique: Bilan d Etape. May

31 Annexes > Annex I: Assessment of EU policies > Annex II: Conclusions and recommendations per policy area 31

32 Annex I Overview of EU Policies Energy Efficiency Renewables Low carbon General Climate Strategy Energy supply Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU) Effort Sharing Decision (2009/406/EC) European Emissions Trading System (ETS) (2009/29/EC) Energy Taxation Directive (2003/96/EC) Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) Internal electricity market Directive (2009/72/EC) Security of electricity supply and infrastructure investment Directive (2005/89/EC) Effort Sharing Decision (2009/406/EC) Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Directive (2011/92/EU) Industry Eco-design Directive (2009/125/EC) Energy Labelling Directive (2010/30/EU) Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU) European Emissions Trading System (ETS) (2009/29/EC) Energy Taxation Directive (2003/96/EC) Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Directive (2009/31/EC) Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) (2010/75/EU) Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) Buildings Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) (2010/31/EU) Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU) Eco-design Directive (2009/125/EC) Energy Labeling Directive (2010/30/EU) Energy Taxation Directive (2003/96/EC) Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) Transport Regulation on Energy Efficiency for passenger cars (443/2009) European Emissions Trading System (ETS) (2009/29/EC) ECOFYS Energy Taxation Directive (2003/96/EC) Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC)

33 Annex II Policy Area Conclusions Energy Efficiency ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY AREA CONCLUSIONS Area Assessment Morocco has set targets for energy efficiency of 12% reduction in energy use by 2020 and 15% reduction by These percentages are related to the expected energy demand at those dates in the absence of the energy efficiency initiatives. The priorities for the short-term are contained within the Plan Nationale des Actions Prioritaires (PNAP) (RCREEE, 2010) The National Agency for the Development of Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency was established in 2010 Apart from public funding for a limited number of energy audits, there is no policy instrument in place to promote the adoption of efficiency measures in industry. The building code is yet to be approved. No relevant policies to promote energy efficiency in the transport sector. The adoption of energy efficiency measures is disincentivised by highly subsidised fossil fuels in all sectors. 33

34 Annex II Recommendations Policy Area Energy Efficiency > Progressive and socially compatible phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies > Implementation of policy instruments e.g. energy or carbon taxes, market mechanisms such as emissions trade or white certificates to incentivise efficiency in the energy supply and industrial sectors. > Implementation of the building code. > Adoption of minimum efficiency standards for household appliances. > Adoption of minimum emission standards for cars and trucks. 34

35 Annex II Policy Area Conclusions Renewable Energy RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY AREA CONCLUSIONS Area Assessment The National Energy Strategy of Morocco and the related National Priority Action Plan (PNAP), both launched in 2008, set a target to meet 10 12% of the country s primary energy demand by 2020 and 15 20% by 2030 with renewable energy sources. By 2020, Morocco aims to produce 20 % of all electricity from renewable energy sources. To achieve this objective, the country seeks to have a total installed renewable energy capacity of 6 GW (or 42 % of the total installed capacity). The 20 % / 42 %-target by 2020 is ambitious, particularly considering the current share of renewables, which predominantly consists of long existing hydropower plants. The National Agency for the Development of Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency was established in Despite these developments, Morocco is still lacking a comprehensive renewable energy strategy, which would address support for renewable energy in the long-term. Apart from public tendering for large-scale wind and solar power projects, there is no effective support scheme that would provide a strong incentive for investments in small-scale projects. No specific policy instruments to incentivise an increase of renewable energy in industry have been found. Fossil fuels are highly subsidised in all sectors. This creates a strong disincentive for the adoption of renewables. 35

36 Annex II Recommendations Policy Area Renewable Energy > Progressive and socially compatible phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies > Implementation of a long term framework for the economic support of renewables. > Providing a clearer regulatory framework for the connection of renewables to the grid. > Implementation of a net metering scheme to incentivise investments in on-site renewable power in industry as well as residential and commercial buildings. > Adoption of minimum biofuels blending requirements for road transport fuels. 36

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