Australian Solar Cooling 2013 Conference April 12th, 2013 North Ryde, Australia. All-in-oneSolar Thermal CoolingandHeatingSystem
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1 BAVARIAN CENTER FOR APPLIED ENERGY RESEARCH Australian Solar Cooling 2013 Conference April 12th, 2013 North Ryde, Australia All-in-oneSolar Thermal CoolingandHeatingSystem Manuel Riepl & Martin Helm ZAE Bayern Walther-Meißner-Str.6, Garching Germany 1 Motivation Up to now: High initial costs for planning and installation and invest No or just very few standardized Systems available -> Large effort for control system and operation needed Approach: All-in-one system for all needs of the customer: Heating, cooling and DHW preparation with only onepre-engineered system Quick and cost effective planning and installation process due to readily packaged system (hydraulics and controls) Fit-and-forget high efficient absorption chiller/heat pump Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 2 2
2 Motivation (energetic) Solar Cooling Conventional solar cooling system with single stage (single-effect, SE) absorption chiller Hot water driven single stage absorption chiller hot water from solar collector (T HW ~ 90 C) In case of insufficient solar radiation and parallel cooling demand a backup heat source is needed (mostly fossil fired hot water boilers) Rather poor utilization of primary energy of fossil fuel due to limited efficiency of the singleeffect chiller (COP SE ~ 0,70) Improved utilization of fossil fuel is imperatively essential for a positive primary energy ratio for such a solar-cooling system Single Stage Absorption Chiller C1 E G1 SHX1 A Fossil fired backup vessel Hot Water Storage Solar Collector Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 3 3 Motivation Approach: Addition of a high temperature stagewith a direct gas fired high temperature generator (G2) Usage of fossil driving heat (flue gas from a natural gas burner) in double effect (DE) absorption chiller offers higher efficiency COP DE ~ 1,2 Coupling of single- and double effect chiller (DE/SE) allows simultaneous usageof hot water (solar collectors) and fossil driving heat (COP DE/SE ~ 1,0) improvement of primary energy ratio as compared to a single-effect fossil backed-up system Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 4 4
3 Motivation Primary Energy Balance of ST-Cooling Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 5 5 All-in-one solution Pre-Designed Energy System (Ready-To-Use) Interface Hydraulic loops Electric communication Central Control Unit controls/electrics Solar collectors User Heating Cooling Burner Absorption Heatpump Chiller (Boiler) NT HT MT Hydraulic Unit Buffer Tank Cooling Tower Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 6 6
4 Flexible modes of operation Summer Cooling and DHW preparation Solar Cooling (SE) Solar/Gas Cooling (DE/SE) Gas Driven Cooling (DE) Biomass burner Gas burner DE DE 90 C 40 C 90 C 40 C 40 C SE SE 15 C 15 C 15 C COP Ch = 0,75 COP ch = 1,0 COP ch = 1,2 Spring/Autumn/Winter Heating and DHW preparation Solar DirectHeating HeatPump Operation Boiler Mode 35 C Solar Heat (low temp) Gas burner 10 C Or: low temp ambient heat (geo) DE COP HP = 2,2 35 C Gas burner COP HP = 1 35 C Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 7 Additional feature: PCM Storage Problems with solar cooling with absorption chiller - wet cooling tower (legionella, fog, high water treatment costs -high reject heat temperatures with dry aircooler, - high electrical power consumption during grid peak load (costs) Solution: latent heat storage as heat sink in the reject heat loop Problems with solar supported heating -bulky sensible heat storages -high energy losses, due to high storage temperatures (up to 95 C) - decreasing collector efficiency at high storage temperatures Solution: latent heat storage as additional low temperature storage Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 8 8
5 System design of the pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching COOLING 50 % dry heat rejection 50 % loading latent heat storage HEATING / COOLING CHILLER 90 C 15 C 18 C 40 C 32 C 80 C DRY AIR COOLER 40 C 32 C 36 C LATENT HEAT STORAGE HOT WATER AUX. TANK BOILER 32 C 36 C Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 9 9 System design of the pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching COOLING unloading latent heat storage CHILLER HOT WATER TANK AUX. BOILER HEATING / COOLING 18 C DRY AIR COOLER 26 C <24 C LATENT HEAT STORAGE 26 C <24 C Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 10 10
6 System design of the pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching HEATING directly solar loading latent heat storage loading hot water tank 32 C 25 C HEATING / COOLING CHILLER DRY AIR COOLER C LATENT HEAT STORAGE C HOT WATER AUX. TANK BOILER Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research System design of the pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching HEATING preheating by latent heat storage unloading hot water tank 32 C 25 C HEATING / COOLING CHILLER DRY AIR COOLER LATENT HEAT STORAGE HOT WATER AUX. TANK BOILER 27 C Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 12 12
7 Latent Heat Storage for Solar Cooling and Heating Systems Phase change material calcium chloride hexahydrate Phase change temperature C Dimension: LxWxH 1,2 x 0,8 x 1,9 m Heat content: ~ 80 kwh (22-36 C) Prototype successfully tested in more than 800 loading and unloading cycles Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research Heat Storage Principles - sensible and latent - Q Q latent + sensibel Q sensibel T 1 T S T 2 T Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 14 14
8 Capacity Performance - LOADING - Temperatures range 20 to 40 C Capacity / kw 25 LOADING T 0:00 - T storage-in C C C C C C C C C C time / hh:mm 0 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research UNLOADING cycles Capacity / kw 45 UNLOADING C C C C C C C C C 5 time / hh:mm 0 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 16 16
9 Hydraulic scheme Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research Reject Heat Circuit Capacities - Latent Heat Storage supports Dry Air Cooler during Daytime Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 18 18
10 Reject Heat Circuit Temperatures - Constant Cooling Water Temperature even on hot Days - Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research Reject Heat Circuit Capacities - Unloading of the Latent Heat Storage during Nighttime - Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 20 20
11 Daily Loading and Unloading of the Latent Heat Storage Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research Exemplary reject heat system design - T_ambient air = 32 C - Dry cooler 40/35 C Dry cooler 40/36 C + latent heat storage 36/32 C Dry cooler 45/40 C Ø13 L S B L Ø17 B + L Ø17 B Güntner S-GFH 067B/3-S(S)-F6/6P (LxWxH 3.5x1.1x1.4 m) Capacity 24.6 kw T_IN / OUT 40 / 35 C Flow 4.58 m³/h elect. power 0.39 kw Surface m² Price (cooler) EUR Güntner S-GFH 080.2A/1-E(J)-F4/8P (LxWxH 2.3x1.1x1.4 m) Capacity kw T_IN / OUT 40 / 36 / 32 C Flow 2.96 m³/h elect. power 0.11 kw Surface m² Price (cooler) EUR Güntner S-GFH 080.2B/1-E(J)-F4/6P (LxWxH 2.7x1.1x1.4 m) Capacity 24.7 kw T_IN 45 / 40 C Flow 4.60 m³/h elect. power 0.11 kw Surface m² Price (cooler) EUR chilled water 13 kw (Absorber Sonnenklima Suninvers T_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80 reject heat 35/40 C) chilled water 15 kw (Absorber Sonnenklima Suninvers T_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80 reject heat 32/40 C) chilled water 8 kw (Absorber Sonnenklima Suninvers T_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80 reject heat 40/45 C) Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 22 22
12 Conclusion Development of an All-in-one Solution Goals: Low planning and installation effort and costs Easy full-automatic operation with negligible maintenance demand High primary energy savings and low electricity demand (aim: COP ele > 15) Wide scope of applications and locations can covered Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 24
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