Air Pollution and the Climate System: Sustainability Now and Later
|
|
- Jeffry Heath
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Air Pollution and the Climate System: Sustainability Now and Later Tami C. Bond Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ISTC Seminar Series October 13, 2009 Photo: NASA 1
2 Take-home messages Many pollutants affect climate it s more than just the greenhouse effect Small sources matter, especially when emissions depend on process A broad portfolio of solutions is available when and where are considerations 2
3 Outline 1. Human effects on earth s radiation balance Greenhouse gases; bright & dark particles 2. A special case: carbon particles The role of small sources 3. Balancing near-term and long-term goals Sustainability now and later 3
4 1. Overview Human effects on earth s radiation balance Greenhouse gases; bright & dark particles 4
5 Our fire dilemma: we like it, and we don t like it Benefits: Warmth Sterilization/preservation Process heat Power Mobility Camaraderie Mysticism Hazards: Poor air quality Health damages Global change 5
6 Both complete & incomplete combustion affect the environment Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Other gases * Particulate Matter (PM) * Products of incomplete combustion (PICs): Carbon monoxide (CO), Methane (CH 4 ), Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Indoor air pollution Outdoor air pollution (smog, ozone, poor visibility) Climate change 6
7 Many pollutants result in global change Radiative forcing (W/m 2 ) Source: IPCC, 2007 cooling warming 7
8 Photo: V. Ramanathan 8
9 Aerosol emissions changing the Earth s reflectivity Photo: NASA (via Robert Charlson) 9
10 I ll contrast three different combustion products. Carbon dioxide Sulfate aerosol Soot aerosol `` O=C=O Other products affect climate also: N 2 O, ozone, non-soot carbon particles image: Cardiff Univ. 3. combustion-climate links 10
11 These combustion products have different sources & lifetimes. Carbon dioxide Sulfate aerosol Soot aerosol Emission rate (metric tonne/ year) 6.4 billion (2000) 70 million (1995, as S) 8 million (2000) Emission cause Fuel quantity, carbon content Sulfur in fuels Poor combustion 3. combustion-climate links 11
12 The three combustion products have different atmospheric lifetimes & effects. Carbon dioxide Sulfate aerosol Soot aerosol Lifetime ~100 yrs ~ 4 days ~ 5-7 days Effect of 1 kg on energy balance ~1 watt/g ~-200 watt/g ~1800 watt/g Confidence High Medium Low 3. combustion-climate links 12
13 Changing each has different implications. Carbon dioxide Sulfate aerosol Soot aerosol Effect of change Increase: Warming (etc.) Decrease: Warming (etc.) Decrease: Cooling (etc.) Possible solutions Energy with less carbon Fuel with less sulfur; end-of-pipe controls Improve combustion; end-of-pipe controls 3. combustion-climate links 13
14 Implication (1) Radiative forcing (W/m 2 ) Some of the expected warming due to greenhouse gases has been masked by reflective particles. Source: IPCC, 2007 (Ocean adjustment is another reason for unrealized warming) cooling warming 14
15 Implication (2) Removing reflective aerosols will increase warming. This is happening because of air quality policies. There is some concern that the climate system will proceed past tipping points. Source: Ramanathan and Feng, PNAS (105),
16 GHGs are a poor measure of climate impact when products of incomplete combustion are high Many pollutants affect climate it s more than just the greenhouse effect For residential biofuel, climate forcing by products of incomplete combustion is greater than that of greenhouse gases 100-year GWP Bond, Venkataraman and Masera, ESD, 2004 Thought process initiated by Smith et al, AREE,
17 2. Carbon particles, a special case and the role of small sources 17
18 Black carbon a warming particle Light is reflected away from Earth. Most particles cool the climate system Black carbon warms it, so Scattering particle Light is absorbed and turned into heat. Absorbing particle Black carbon = Warming Both warming particles & cooling particles are emitted together! 18
19 Controllable emissions are dominated by transport & residential solid fuel Power 0% Industry 11% Open burning 41% Transport: Road 16% 0.1% 6.5% 3.8% 1.1% 0.2% 0.8% Residential: Biofuel 18% Transport: Non-road 9% Residential: Other Residential: 1% Coal 4% 68.5% 19.0% Black carbon (BC) Organic carbon (OC) Year 2000 estimates (Bond et al., GBC updates for IPCC AR5) 19
20 Expected sources of black carbon (BC) BC from solid fuels in residential sector BC from industry BC from transportation/diesel development path Note: Energy-related only excludes open burning (~equal) North America Central/South America Europe, Former USSR Asia, Middle East, Pacific Africa Total 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Power Industry Transport: Road Transport: Non-road Residential: Other Residential: Coal Residential: Biofuel Fraction "contained" % of global "contained" Bond, Streets et al., JGR 109, D14203, doi: /2003jd
21 General rule about BC+OC emitters (for energy-related sources) Emitter size More information Reporting requirements more stringent High emissions from small sources with little information Greater efficiency For large actors, poor efficiency = greater financial losses improved technology or controls are relatively more affordable More fuel consumed More emissions per fuel 21
22 Example 1: Emissions from actual household cooking are much higher than lab results PM Emission Factor (g/kg) Box plot of Emission Factors Field (ARACHNE) Lab (ARACHNE) Open Biomass (lit) 0 Field Tests (all) Field Trad. Stove Field Impr. w/o chim. Field Impr. w/ chim. Lab Tests (all) Venkataraman & Rao (2001) Roden et al., Atmos Env 43, ,
23 Example 2: High-emitting vehicles contribute a lot to present-day emissions Fraction of data Truck (200) Truck (26) lab dynamometer tests roadside inspection They are severely undersampled in testing programs Opacity Subramanian et al., ES&T, 2009 Winijkul et al., in prep 23
24 Example 2: and affect future emissions even more 2000 a) A1B with superemitters 1500 b) B1 with superemitters PM Emission (Gg/yr) Year Year Emissions from superemitters 700 c) A1B without superemitters 600 d) B1 without superemitters PM Emission (Gg/yr) Year Year NONE OPAC EURO I EURO II EURO III EURO IV EURO V EURO VI SUPER Yan et al., in prep 24
25 Particles might go away after some development Energy consumption (PJ) Natural Gas 200 Aviation fuel Light distillat 150 Middle distilla 100 Residual oil 50 Coal Biofuel BC emissions (Gg/year) Some North American transitions Bond et al, GBC 2007 Great Depression Steel! Steel! and railroads! OC emissions (Gg/year) Vehicle regulations Latin America Middle East India Africa Other Asia/Pacific Europe Former USSR China North America Transition out of residential solid fuel Growth in pulverized coal (BC+OC-clean) Big question: Technology improvement vs growth 25
26 Carbon particles: summary Sectors & fractions of sectors: low CO2 but high black carbon Household solid fuel (cookstoves) High-emitting diesels Have significant contributions to climate-warming particles & gases But not on the climatechange radar Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Other gases Particulate Matter (PM) Small sources matter, especially when emissions depend on process 26
27 3. Sustainability when? How do we manage climate change now vs climate change later? 27
28 A devilish dilemma! Reducing sulfur (cooling) emissions is GOOD for health (immediate benefits) BAD for climate (removes mask from warming) Some climate tipping points look close Partial solution: Reduce emissions of warming air pollutants? 2007 Arctic sea ice, compared with median 28
29 Reductions in greenhouse gases & black carbon are different solutions to climate change Greenhouse gases (lifetime = decades) Will build up in the atmosphere Reduced emissions affect atmospheric concentration slowly Affect snow and ice indirectly, by warming ocean & atmosphere Long-term management challenge Black carbon (lifetime = days to weeks) Will vanish eventually Reduced emissions affect atmospheric concentration immediately Can melt snow and ice directly, by changing their reflectivity Possible quick-fix contribution 29
30 Some people like fast action! Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton: There are also steps we must take to protect the environment. For example, we know that short-lived carbon forcers [sic] like methane, black carbon, and tropospheric ozone contribute significantly to the warming of the Arctic. And because they are short lived, they also give us an opportunity to make rapid progress if we work to limit them. April 6, 2009 Vice President Al Gore: Soot, also known as black carbon, from engines, forest fires and partially burned fuel was collecting in the Arctic where it was creating a haze of pollution that absorbs sunlight and warms the air. It was also being deposited on snow, darkening its surface and reducing the snow's ability to reflect sunlight back into space. April 27,
31 Questions TO YOU: How might we manage human impacts on climate in the near-term versus long-term? How might we balance positive and negative steps toward sustainable energy use? example: Improve health but warm climate 31
32 Take-home messages Many pollutants affect climate it s more than just the greenhouse effect Small sources matter, especially when emissions depend on process A broad portfolio of solutions is available when, where and who are considerations 32
33 Questions? 33
Black carbon, climate, and stoves
Black carbon, climate, and stoves Tami C. Bond University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA ETHOS Conference Kirkland, WA January 30, 2010 Photo: NASA 1 Both complete & incomplete combustion affect
More informationOverview. Evolving Role of Black Carbon in Climate Change BC 101. Some ongoing efforts. Key messages with current state of knowledge
Evolving Role of Black Carbon in Climate Change Briefing sponsored by EESI Russell Senate Office Building Washington, DC November 9, 2010 Benjamin DeAngelo U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Overview
More informationCharacteristics and Climate Implications of Particles Generated by Traditional Wood Burning Cookstoves. Christoph Roden March 29, 2005
Characteristics and Climate Implications of Particles Generated by Traditional Wood Burning Cookstoves Christoph Roden March 29, 2005 Outline Biofuel Influences that Aerosols have on climate Sampling Cart
More informationAerosol from biomass burning and mineral aerosols. 1. What are aerosols from biomass burning?
Lectures 40-41. Global change due to anthropogenic aerosols: Aerosol from biomass burning and mineral aerosols. Objectives: 1. What are aerosols from biomass burning? 2. What is mineral aerosol? 3. Direct
More informationInterconnections Between Air Pollution, Climate Change and Health: Promoting Sino U.S. Cooperation
Interconnections Between Air Pollution, Climate Change and Health: Promoting Sino U.S. Cooperation Denise L. Mauzerall Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs & Civil and Environmental
More informationClimate Dynamics (PCC 587): Climate Forcings
Climate Dynamics (PCC 587): Climate Forcings DARGAN M. W. FRIERSON UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DAY 7: 10-16-13 Outline of This Topic Climate forcings Things that directly
More informationScenarios, Emissions Uncertainty, Climate Change, and Air Quality
Scenarios, Emissions Uncertainty, Climate Change, and Air Quality Steven J. Smith Joint Global Change Research Institute College Park, MD Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association SIP Coordination
More informationEarth s energy balance and the greenhouse effect
Earth s energy balance and the greenhouse effect Average incident solar radiation 342 W/m 2 Reflection to space by atmosphere, clouds, and earth surface 102 W/m 2 Infrared radiation emitted to space 240
More informationPollution Climate Interactions during the 20th Century
Pollution Climate Interactions during the 20th Century Alumni Conference, G&G Department, Yale University November 7, 2009 Koch, D., A spreading drop plume model for Venus. J. Geophys. Res., 1994. Koch,
More informationClimate Change and Air Quality
Climate Change and Air Quality SW PA Air Quality Action June 6, 2007 Peter J. Adams Associate Professor Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering and Public Policy Outline Climate Change Primer What
More informationUsing Earth System Models to provide better policy-relevant information
Greencycles II Peyresq May 2010 Using Earth System Models to provide better policy-relevant information (Couples therapy for the uneasy marriage between science and policy) Gavin Schmidt NASA Goddard Institute
More informationAn Overview of the Paper A Laboratory Comparison of the Global Warming Potential of Six Categories of Biomass Cooking Stoves
An Overview of the Paper A Laboratory Comparison of the Global Warming Potential of Six Categories of Biomass Cooking Stoves Nordica MacCarty, Damon Ogle, Dean Still, Dr. Tami Bond, Christoph Roden, Dr.
More informationIntroduction to the Role of Tropospheric Ozone and Arctic Climate. Ellen Baum May 8, 2008
Introduction to the Role of Tropospheric Ozone and Arctic Climate Ellen Baum May 8, 2008 There is a significant global role for tropospheric ozone and climate 1.4 Temperature impact from CO2 compared to
More informationGREENHOUSE GASES 3/14/2016. Water Vapor, CO 2, CFCs, Methane and NO x all absorb radiation Water vapor and CO 2 are the primary greenhouse gases
GREENHOUSE EFFECT The earth is like a greenhouse The atmosphere acts like the glass which lets the sun s rays pass through. The earth absorbs this as heat energy and keeps it in, only letting a little
More informationAn Introduction to Air Quality
An Introduction to Air Quality Learning Goals "We came all this way to explore the Moon, and the most important thing is that we discovered the Earth - William Anders After this lesson, you will be able
More informationChapter 17 Air and Air Pollution
Chapter 17 Air and Air Pollution The Atmosphere Each layer characterized by abrupt changes in temperature, the result of differences in the absorption of incoming solar energy. Troposphere: Weather Breeder
More informationMajor Volcanic Eruptions in the past. Major Volcanic Eruptions in the past. Volcanic Eruptions and Global Temperature
Mechanism of Volcanic Perturbation Amount of sunlight scattered depends greatly on size and amount of aerosol particles The global monitoring of aerosols began in ~1980 Hence, the history of the amplitude
More informationEffects of air pollution mitigation strategies on short term climate forcing
Z. Klimont, M. Amann, C. Heyes, W. Schöpp, K. Kupiainen, J. Cofala, P. Rafaj, I. Bertok, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Effects of air pollution mitigation strategies on short
More informationHealth co-benefits of mitigating nearterm climate change through black carbon and methane emission controls
Health co-benefits of mitigating nearterm climate change through black carbon and methane emission controls Susan Casper Anenberg, U.S. EPA Woodrow Wilson Center China Environment Forum March 14, 2012
More informationClimate Change U C Irvine OLLI Class, Winter, 2013: SC 206 by Gary Oberts and Dennis Silverman Using Talks by NOAA for OLLI
Climate Change U C Irvine OLLI Class, Winter, 2013: SC 206 by Gary Oberts and Dennis Silverman Using Talks by NOAA for OLLI Radiative Forcing Dennis Silverman Department of Physics and Astronomy, U C Irvine
More informationKey findings. Markus Amann International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
Markus Amann International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Modelling co-benefits with IIASA s GAINS model Key findings International Workshop on a Co-benefit Approach IGES, February 13-14,
More informationThe Globalization of Air Pollution:
The Globalization of Air Pollution: Implications for Air Quality, Climate and Health Regional and Global Perspectives of Air Pollution Urban Environments Interactions involve Local to Global Scales WMO
More informationBlack Carbon and Agriculture - Source and Impacts
Black Carbon and Agriculture - Source and Impacts M. Maione 1,2 F. Graziosi 1, J. Arduini 1, F. Furlani 1, U. Giostra 1, A. Marinoni 2, R. Duchi 2 1 University of Urbino, Italy 2 ISAC-CNR Italy michela.maione@uniurb.it
More informationGold Standard Methodology
Gold Standard Methodology Quantification of climate related emission reductions of Black Carbon and Co-emitted Species due to the replacement of less efficient cookstoves with improved efficiency cookstoves
More informationBlack Carbon, Climate, and Air Pollution: Implications for Public Policy
Black Carbon, Climate, and Air Pollution: Implications for Public Policy AAAS, AGU,UCAR, ACS, Briefing for Congressional Staff Washington DC John Bachmann Vision Air Consulting, LLC April 29, 2010 Why
More informationLow Carbon Transport n iin A sia: Asia: Asia: Strategies for Optimizing Co Strategies for Optimizing Co--benefits benefits
Low Carbon Transport in Asia: Strategies for Optimizing Co-benefits Hayama, Japan 26 June 2009 Michael P. Walsh International Consultant Chairman, Board of Directors, International Council on Clean Transportation
More informationSupplementary Material Two Hundred Fifty Years of Aerosols and Climate
Supplementary Material Two Hundred Fifty Years of Aerosols and Climate Steven J. Smith 1 and Tami C. Bond 2 [1] Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University
More informationPhysics 100 Lecture 17. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming April 2, 2018
1 Physics 100 Lecture 17 The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming April 2, 2018 2 Class Quiz Ch. 7: Suppose your car burned bituminous coal instead of gasoline. How much coal would provide the same energy
More informationClimate Change, Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols
Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols J Srinivasan J Srinivasan is a Professor at the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He was a lead author
More informationCriteria Pollutants. Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
1) Sulfur dioxide 2) Nitrogen oxides 3) Carbon monoxide 4) Ozone 5) Particulates 6) Lead Criteria Pollutants Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) SO 2 is a colorless gas that is formed from the combustion of sulfur-containing
More informationThesis for the Master s degree in chemistry. Line W. H. Alnes
Thesis for the Master s degree in chemistry Line W. H. Alnes Indoor Air Pollution in China: Analysis of Global Warming Contributions and Exposure to Particles 60 study points DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Faculty
More informationBlack carbon & India. V. Ramanathan, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Environmental Ministry Meeting Hotel Ashok, New Delhi, India, Oct 14, 2009
Black carbon & India V. Ramanathan, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Environmental Ministry Meeting Hotel Ashok, New Delhi, India, Oct 14, 2009 Oh, Mother earth, ocean-girdled and mountain- breasted,
More informationIn-Home Assessment of Greenhouse Gas and Aerosol Emissions from Biomass Cookstoves in Developing Countries
In-Home Assessment of Greenhouse Gas and Aerosol Emissions from Biomass Cookstoves in Developing Countries Extended Abstract #34 Michael A. Johnson 1, Tami Bond 2, Nicholas Lam 1,3, Cheryl Weyant 2, Yanju
More informationShort Lived Forcers: A Response to a Warming Arctic
Short Lived Forcers: A Response to a Warming Arctic Rafe Pomerance Senior Fellow Clean Air - Cool Planet www.cleanair-coolplanet.org Ny Alesund Symposium June 21-23, 2010 The Arctic Platform The drama
More informationControlling Soot Might Quickly Reverse a Century... Warming Wired Science
Controlling Soot Might Quickly Reverse a Century of Global Warming Wired Science A massive simulation of soot s climate effects finds that basic pollution controls could put a brake on global warming,
More informationIncluding other aspects in a quantification tool: Going beyond long-term climate change with a focus on Short- Lived Climate Pollutants
Including other aspects in a quantification tool: Going beyond long-term climate change with a focus on Short- Lived Climate Pollutants Johan C.I. Kuylenstierna Policy Director, Stockholm Environment Institute
More informationQuestions 1 4 refer to the diagram of the earth s atmosphere shown above. 3. The section of the atmosphere responsible for our daily weather.
Unit 6 Practice Test Questions 1 4 refer to the diagram of the earth s atmosphere shown above 1. The ozone layer is found at this location. 2. The atmosphere is at its warmest point at this location. 3.
More informationINTRODUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE AND IMPACTS ON URBAN AREAS. Febrauary16, 2015 TERI University, New Delhi
INTRODUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE AND IMPACTS ON URBAN AREAS Febrauary16, 2015 TERI University, New Delhi Aim of the lecture To understand relationship between greenhouse gases and climate change
More informationPRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION Some of the fuel (hydrocarbon) may not completely burn during combustion and therefore is released into the atmosphere along with the products. The products that are formed during
More informationUsing An Aethalometer to Determine Optical Absorption Features from Different Black Carbon Sources
Using An Aethalometer to Determine Optical Absorption Features from Different Black Carbon Sources By: Shallena Menefield New Jersey City University Jersey City, New Jersey Background NASA/ MODIS are credited
More informationWelcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming.
Welcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming http://www.atmos.washington.edu/2010q1/111 Censored Spotted by Jennifer Le Today Review and Finish up The Greenhouse Effect - RG p 21-30 A rogues gallery of greenhouse
More informationInterconnections between Air Pollution, Climate Change and Health
Interconnections between Air Pollution, Climate Change and Health Denise Mauzerall Princeton University National Academies Institute of Medicine San Francisco, CA September 10, 2007 Air Pollution Adversely
More informationBlack carbon and its effects on the Arctic Dr. Kaarle Kupiainen
Black carbon and its effects on the Arctic Dr. Kaarle Kupiainen Senior Research Scientist Centre for Sustainable Consumption and Production Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Tel.: +358 400 148 766 E-mail:
More informationCHAPTER III LINKS BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND AIR POLLUTION
Risks and Adaptation to Climate Change in BCI Pilot Sites in PRC, Thailand and Viet Nam CHAPTER III 11 LINKS BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND AIR POLLUTION By Frank Murray Murdoch University A. Abstract 42.
More informationTOPIC # 15 GLOBAL WARMING & ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING
TOPIC # 15 GLOBAL WARMING & ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING Part B The Key To It All: SORTING OUT THE RADIATIVE FORCINGS OF CLIMATE Class Notes p 83 Greenhouse Gas emissions from Forestry (Deforestation, biomass
More informationAtmospheric chemistry Summary
Atmospheric chemistry Summary Pontus Roldin Div. Nuclear Physics Department of Physics Lund University Summary 1 Chapman mechanism (1930) The Chapman mechanism for stratospheric ozone (1) O 2 + hn O +
More informationAlpine Summer School 25 June 2013 Angela Marinoni. Aerosol particles and mountain regions
Alpine Summer School 25 June 2013 Angela Marinoni Aerosol particles and mountain regions The mountain regions has gained growing attention due to its significant role in global atmospheric circulation
More informationAssessment Status and Trend of Short - lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) in Hanoi
International Workshop on Air Quality in Asia Inventory, Modeling and Climate Impacts of Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG s) and Aerosols; Remote sensing applications and Integrated Technologies Assessment
More informationClimate Change Science Tutorial #1: Overview of Our Understanding of the Climate System and Observed Climate Impacts
Climate Change Science Tutorial #1: Overview of Our Understanding of the Climate System and Observed Climate Impacts September 2013 ACS Climate Science Project, OMSI Others work, collected by Prof. Julie
More informationEnergy, Greenhouse Gases and the Carbon Cycle
Energy, Greenhouse Gases and the Carbon Cycle David Allen Gertz Regents Professor in Chemical Engineering, and Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources Concepts for today Greenhouse Effect
More informationNEW SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS ON BLACK CARBON: AND POTENTIAL COOKSTOVE MITIGATIONS
NEW SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS ON BLACK CARBON: AND POTENTIAL COOKSTOVE MITIGATIONS James L. Plummer Founder, IAEE President, Climate Economics Institute Las Vegas, NV plummer@ Climateeconomicsinstitute.org
More informationAir Emissions 101. What are Some Types of Emissions? Oil & Gas Emissions: In Context VOC
Oil & Gas Emissions: In Context Air Emissions 101 What are Some Types of Emissions? CO2 - Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and is formed as one of the major products of combustion. CH4 - Methane, also
More informationTHE ROLE OF NON-CO 2 GREENHOUSE GASES AND AEROSOLS IN CLIMATE MITIGATION
To be Presented at the 3 d International Methane & Nitrous Oxide Mitigation Conference THE ROLE OF NON-CO 2 GREENHOUSE GASES AND AEROSOLS IN CLIMATE MITIGATION Smith, Steven J., Joint Global Change Research
More informationGlobal anthropogenic aerosol particle number emissions
Global anthropogenic aerosol particle number emissions Pauli Paasonen 1,2,3, Kaarle Kupiainen 2,3, Zbigniew Klimont 2, Antoon Visschedijk 4, Hugo Denier van der Gon 4 and Markus Amann 2 1 University of
More informationClimate: Earth s Dynamic Equilibrium
Climate: Earth s Dynamic Equilibrium review session CCIU April 30, 2016 High-school standard HS-ESS2-4 focuses on the role energy flows play in Earth s climate HS-ESS2-4 Use a model to describe how variations
More informationInteresting points from presentations
Interesting points from presentations The topics can be broken down, roughly, into the following categories Emissions of NOx, CO, VOCs, and other gases that influence ozone (and, thus, OH) Electric Vehicles
More informationShort-Lived Climate Forcers
em feature by Erika Sasser and Linda Chappell, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency How Air Pollution Affects Climate: Short-Lived Climate Forcers While long-lived greenhouse gases particularly carbon
More informationLecture 11: Global Warming
Lecture 11: Global Warming CO 2 CH 4 How much of the global warming is caused by Natural climate change and by human activities? What is the sensitivity of Earth s climate to the increases of greehouse
More informationIn Home Assessment of Greenhouse Gas and Aerosol Emissions from Biomass Cookstoves in Developing Countries
In Home Assessment of Greenhouse Gas and Aerosol Emissions from Biomass Cookstoves in Developing Countries Michael A. Johnson 1, Tami Bond 2, Nicholas Lam 1,3, Cheryl Weyant 2, Yanju Chen 2, Justin Ellis
More information19 March Reyer Gerlagh, Tilburg University Professor of Economics
19 March 2013 Reyer Gerlagh, Tilburg University Professor of Economics Overview History The discovery of global warming The greenhouse effect: basics All greenhouse gases Emissions: population, income,
More informationTransport and the Environment
Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles Transport and the Environment Glynda Bathan Policy and Partnership Manager Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center UNEP-TNT Fleet Management Toolkit Launch
More informationAir Pollution. Dr. Sireen Alkhaldi, DrPh Community Medicine, First semester 2018/ 2019 Faculty of Medicine/ The University of Jordan
Air Pollution Dr. Sireen Alkhaldi, DrPh Community Medicine, First semester 2018/ 2019 Faculty of Medicine/ The University of Jordan Learning Objectives 1. To understands the significance of air pollution.
More informationair pollution air pollution atmospheric pollution atmosphere unit 9
air pollution unit 9 air pollution health effects WHO estimates that air pollution killed 7 million people in 2012 - more than double previous estimates indoor vs. outdoor (ambient) household pollution
More informationA policy-relevant summary of black carbon climate science and appropriate emission control strategies
A policy-relevant summary of black carbon climate science and appropriate emission control strategies June 2009 The goal of the International Council on Clean Transportation is to dramatically improve
More informationFast Facts. U.S. Transportation Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions
U.S. Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990-2011 Office of and Air Quality EPA-420-F-13-033a September 2013 Emissions of the United States The transportation end-use sector 1 is one of the largest contributors
More informationConsiderations related to the Question: Do aerosols from biomass combustion contribute to global warming or global cooling?
TITEL-FOLIE Expert Group on Techno-Economic Issues, EGTEI, Meeting Rome, 6. 7.5.10 Black carbon and brown carbon: Partitioning in biomass combustion and relevance for climate change Considerations related
More informationUN Climate Council Words in red are defined in vocabulary section (pg. 9)
UN Climate Council Words in red are defined in vocabulary section (pg. 9) To minimize the negative effects of global climate change, scientists have advocated for action to limit global warming to no more
More informationAndy Grieshop Assistant Professor Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering North Carolina State University
Aerosol emissions from cookstove biofuel combustion: measurement, characteristics, and uncertainties Andy Grieshop Assistant Professor Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering North Carolina State
More informationA new initiative of a Regional Assessment of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) in Latin America and the Caribbean
A new initiative of a Regional Assessment of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) in Latin America and the Caribbean Paulo Artaxo and Graciela Raga (Chairs) The WCRP Conference for Latin America and the
More informationAtmospheric Chemistry Air Pollution
Atmospheric Chemistry Pontus Roldin Div. Nuclear Physics Dep. Physics Lund University Conflict between positive climate cooling effects and negative human health effects Are there good aerosol particles
More informationAnthropogenic Global Warming. Be aware, be concerned and. start acting. - it is real
Anthropogenic Global Warming - it is real Be aware, be concerned and start acting Ben Rose Sustainability Consultant, Nov 2009 email:biroses@westnet.com.au AIMING FOR CARBON NEUTRAL -THE 4 C S 1. CO2e
More informationGreenhouse Effect & Climate Change
Greenhouse Effect & Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Light energy from the sun (solar radiation) is either reflected or absorbed by the Earth. Greenhouse Effect When it is absorbed by the Earth (or something
More informationUNEP Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone, and its Precursors
UNEP Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone, and its Precursors An Overview of Progress by the Assessment Secretariat Kevin Hicks and Johan Kuylenstierna, SEI and GAP Forum IUAPPA
More informationLecture 22: Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
Lecture 22: Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Required Reading: FP Chapter 14 (only sections that I cover) Suggested Introductory Reading: Jacob Chapter 7 Atmospheric Chemistry CHEM-5151 / ATOC-5151 Spring
More informationComments on Human and Natural Forcings. Climate changes (1900 to 2000) due to human activity. Climate Variability and Climate Change
Comments on Human and Natural Forcings Human input of GH gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, CFCs ) has warmed the planet: net RF = +2.9 W/m 2 The largest single warming factor is increased
More information3/4/2014. Air Pollution. Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion. Major Air Pollutants. Primary Pollutants
Air Pollution Air pollution- the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microorganisms into the atmosphere at concentrations high enough to harm plants, animals, and materials such as buildings,
More informationGlobal Insolation Budget. Solar Radiation. Greenhouse Gases. Air: Climate and Pollution. Weather, Climate, Winds, Rain
Global Insolation Budget Air: Climate and Pollution Weather, Climate, Winds, Rain Changes in solar radiation are responsible for many important environmental factors, including El Niño. Review them Solar
More informationSulfur oxides (SO x ) - particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO 2. SO 2 is produced by volcanoes and in various
AIR CANCER Sulfur oxides (SO x ) - particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO 2. SO 2 is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Coal and petroleum often
More informationLecture 2: Greenhouse Gases - Basic Background on Atmosphere - GHG Emission and Concentration Rise - California Regulation (AB32)
Lecture 2: Greenhouse Gases - Basic Background on Atmosphere - GHG Emission and Concentration Rise - California Regulation (AB32) METR 113/ENVS 113 Spring Semester 2011 February 15, 2011 Suggested Reading
More informationParticulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A. Ambient PM 2.5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MASS AND COMPOSITION RESPONSES TO CHANGING EMISSIONS
Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment was commissioned by NARSTO, a cooperative public-private sector organization of Canada, Mexico and the United States. It is a concise and
More informationEmissions from S Asian Brick Production & Potential Climate Impact
Emissions from S Asian Brick Production & Potential Climate Impact Ellen Baum March 11, 2015 Global Brick Production South Asia production ~ 310 Billion bricks/year Global production ~ 1500 Billion bricks/year
More informationENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge
ENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge GLOBAL WARMING Editorial Prof. B.N. Goswami (Director, IITM, Pune) Dr. G. Beig (ENVIS Co-ordinetor) Ms. Neha S. Parkhi (Program Officer) Mr. Rajnikant
More informationStrategies for containing climate change below dangerous levels. V. Ramanathan Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD Georgia Tech, Jan 20, 2010
Strategies for containing climate change below dangerous levels V. Ramanathan Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD Georgia Tech, Jan 20, 2010 Sources of greenhouse Gases and Aerosols in Brown Clouds.
More informationEvidence and implications of anthropogenic climate change
Evidence and implications of anthropogenic climate change Earth s Climate has always been changing 1) Is climate changing now? Global Warming? Sea level rising IPCC 2007 Fig. 5.13 (p. 410) Recontructed
More informationLESSON 9: CONCEPTUALIZING MODULE II Factors Influencing Temperature
LESSON 9: CONCEPTUALIZING MODULE II Factors Influencing Temperature PURPOSE/QUESTION To understand the need to compare data sets over different parameters thus increasing the strength for students climate
More informationCarbon Dioxide and Global Warming Case Study
Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming Case Study Key Concepts: Greenhouse Gas Carbon dioxide El Niño Global warming Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gas La Niña Land use Methane Nitrous oxide Radiative forcing
More informationAnswers to the Questions Posed by Judge Alsup
Answers to the Questions Posed by Judge Alsup Don Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois SF March 21, 2018 Date Name of Meeting 1 Addressing Some Questions for the Tutorial
More informationGreenhouse Effect. How we stay warm
Greenhouse Effect How we stay warm The Sun s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space) How much solar radiation reaches Earth? The Earth s surface only absorbs 51% of incoming
More informationDraft Environmental Impact Statement
The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Year 2021 2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Draft Environmental Impact Statement July 2018 Docket No. NHTSA-2017-0069 Greenhouse Gas
More informationEighth Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific 9-12 April 2018, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Status of Air Pollution in India & Mitigation Strategies By Prof A.L.Aggarwal Emeritus Professor Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences Noida, UP, India Eighth Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific
More informationSupplement of Radiative forcing and climate response to projected 21st century aerosol decreases
Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12681 12703, 2015 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/12681/2015/ doi:10.5194/acp-15-12681-2015-supplement Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Supplement of
More informationLecture 11: Global Warming. Human Acticities. Natural Climate Changes. Global Warming: Natural or Man-Made CO 2 CH 4
Lecture 11: Global Warming Human Acticities CO 2 CH 4 The initial appearance of human species: last 100,000 to 200,000 years Development of the first civilization: the last 10,000 years What is the sensitivity
More informationGLOBAL WARMING COMPUTER LAB
GLOBAL WARMING COMPUTER LAB A COMPUTER SIMULATION PROGRAM ON TEMPERATURE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISING After performing this computer simulation lab you will be able to: 1) understand the greenhouse effect
More informationChapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Air Pollution Air pollution- the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microorganisms into the atmosphere at concentrations high enough
More informationArctic shipping activities and possible consequences for the regional climate
Arctic shipping activities and possible consequences for the regional climate Andreas Massling, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark Jesper Christensen, Department
More informationEnvironmental Science 101 Air Resources. Fall Lecture Outline: Terms You Should Know: Learning Objectives: Reading Assignment:
Environmental Science 101 Air Resources Fall 2012 1 Lecture Outline: 10. AIR POLLUTION A. The Atmosphere An Introduction B. Background Information About Air Pollution C. Six Principal Pollutants D. Air
More informationIntroducing alien ecosystem engineers to Round Island, Mauritius
Introducing alien ecosystem engineers to Round Island, Mauritius Species lost 2 giant tortoises Role dispersal of herbivore adapted seeds Surrogate species Aldabra Giant Tortoise Madagascar radiated tortoise
More informationAir Pollution and Climate Change
em feature by Kevin Hicks and Johan Kuylenstierna Kevin Hicks and Johan Kuylenstierna are with the Stockholm Environment Institute, GAP Forum Secretariat. E-mail: wkh1@york.ac.uk. Air Pollution and Climate
More informationAir Pollution. Asian Brown Cloud. Developed Countries have reduced emissions recently
Study Questions 1. Compare and contrast primary vs. secondary pollutants, giving examples of each. 2. Compare and contrast indoor vs. outdoor pollution, listing specific examples and sources of each. 3.
More informationCase 3:17-cv WHA Document Filed 03/23/18 Page 1 of 14 EXHIBIT 4
Case 3:17-cv-06011-WHA Document 183-4 Filed 03/23/18 Page 1 of 14 EXHIBIT 4 Case 3:17-cv-06011-WHA Document 183-4 Filed 03/23/18 Page 2 of 14 Answers to the Questions Posed by Judge Alsup Don Wuebbles
More information