Biomass to fuels! R.Stahl Institut für Technische Chemie IFC 2010 Mai 3 rd 6 th 2009 Dresden, Germany

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Oswald Fowler
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1 Biomass to fuels!

Pressurised Entrained Flow Gasification of Slurries

Fuels, Chemicals and Energy R.Stahl, E.Henrich, K.

Schingnitz KIT, Institut für Technische Chemie Siemens

2 Pressurised Entrained Flow Gasification of Slurries from Biomass Thermo chemical biomass conversion to Fuels, Chemicals and Energy R.Stahl, E.Henrich, K.Raffelt M.Schingnitz KIT, Institut für Technische Chemie Siemens Fuel Gasification Technology KIT The cooperation of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH and Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT = Fusion of Forschungszentrum und University 10 km, 15 min Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 10 Programmes 27 Institutes Staff 390 Mio. Budget ++ Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 11 Fakulties 118 Institutes Staff 250 Mio. Budget Students Nature- & Engineering science Advantages in... education... research... technology transfer... industrial co operations 3

Chemical pathways Wax CH 3 -(CH 2 ) n -CH 3

Methane (SNG) DME Direct use (Fuel cell,

4 Chemical pathways Wax CH 3 -(CH 2 ) n -CH 3 Diesel Fischer- Tropsch- Synthesis Refining Gasoline LPG Gas. C 6 H 9 O 4 Biomass Syngas H 2 CO Hydrogen Methane (SNG) DME Direct use (Fuel cell, PMEproduction) Methanol- Synthesis Further Processing Propylen Ethylen Diesel CH 3 OH Gasoline. 4

5 Feedstock dry lignocellulose Agriculture Straw, hay,. Energy crops Forestry Residual wood Short rotation plantation Land cultivation residues Cultivation wood Cultivation hay 5

6 The process chain basing on a review on technologies suitable to be adapted to biomass feedstocks centralised Synthesis Gas cleaning Entrained Flow Gasification Products Biomass Slurry Preparation Fast Pyrolysis de-central

7 gas Fast pyrolysis Product yields 1 bar, ~ 500 C, sand/biomass ratio 10, gas residence time < 2 s gas aqueous condensate 60 organic 40 aqueous tar char ash 20 0 wood flour Straw chops spruce beech wheat rice Liquid - ratio Solid increasing technical efforts for slurry production char ash

8 Slurry preparation Composition of components for slurry preparation Parameter (a.d.) Water (%) Ash (%) char Beech wood products Raw wood tar Acetic acid 67.0 <0,05 Straw ash 2.0 Wheat straw products char condensate Ultimate analysis C (%) ,0-15,6 H (%) ,3-5,2 O (%) ,0-34,7 N (%) ,4-0,5 S (%) <0.05 <0.05 < <0.05 <0.05 Heating value H u (MJ/kg) ,7-5,1

9 Slurry preparation Development of slurry preparation technology colloid mixer 9

10 Slurry preparation Particle deagglomeration in a colloid mixer colloid mixer mixing stirrer Optical microscope pictures: left: char powder suspended in methanol right: slurry after colloid mixer particle size (um) 10

Slurry preparation Slurry viscosity - viscosity several Pa*s at 20 C at high solid contents near sedimentation density - viscosity below 0.3 Pa*s for efficient pneumatic atomisation at 80 C.

11 Slurry preparation Slurry viscosity - viscosity several Pa*s at 20 C at high solid contents near sedimentation density - viscosity below 0.3 Pa*s for efficient pneumatic atomisation at 80 C temperature [ o C ] -- logarithm of viscosity [ ln ( η ) ] % char 26 % char 33 % char 23 % char 10 1,0 0,1 viscosity [ Pas ] reciprocal temperature [ 1000/Kelvin ] 11

12 density Slurry preparation Slurry quality for syngas production solid concentration Increasing water level density water content solid content Char particle size (x 80 = 53 µm) HHV at the beginning 14.5 MJ/kg, at the end 13.5 MJ/kg 12

13 Gasification block flow diagram Pilot plant Slurry Oxygen Presurised entrained flow Gasifier Natural Gas Purge Gas Fresh Water Process Water Water quench Raw Syngas Waste Water Solid Slag

Synthetic fuels and chemical from biomass by the bioliq-process

Synthetic fuels and chemical from biomass by the bioliq-process Nicolaus Dahmen Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology KIT University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center