Eco:nomics + + Earth. Creation of Environmental Capital. Space Ship Earth - Shift in Supply and Demand. Resource Access and Use Growing Competition

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1 Space Ship Earth - Shift in Supply and Demand Eco:nomics Creation of Environmental Capital Empty Space Earth World Population (Billions) Franz Hoffmann President of Procorp Enterprises LLC Nuclear Reactor ~ 4000 miles Radius Life supporting membrane Our existence is limited to a 2/100 inch (0.5 mm) layer on the surface of a radioactive bowling ball! Resource Access and Use Growing Competition Freshwater - Scarce already today HANPP: Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production Many regions already consume more than they produce! Source: Institute for Social Ecology Klagenfurt, Austria August 29, 2008 Eco:nomics The New Business Approach New Formula: Sustainable Value Creation Old Formula Leaders are repositioning March 14, Cost Management Risk Containment Sustainability Code Green

2 Customers are repositioning Think Tanks are repositioning MIT Investment is repositioning BETHESDA, Md., Oct. 6 PRNewswire, September 30, 2008 Water vs. Energy - Diversified Investment Portfolio MSCI = Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE = Europe, Australasia, Far East Calvert launched its latest sustainable mutual fund CFWAX, as part of a new series of investment portfolios for annual $1 trillion global investment opportunities. Calvert Global Water Fund (CFWAX) Water Energy The unveiling of the new Calvert fund comes on the heels of Calvert Global Alternative Energy Fund (CGAEX) (started in mid-2007) United Nations Launch of Sustainability Programs Wealth Creation = Fulfillment of Needs and Wants Need = New and innovative ways to provide more 1. Food 2. Energy 3. Water 4. Materials

3 More Food - Main World Protein Source Trends Sustainable Protein Production Poultry and Fish Annual Growth 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% Aqua- Culture World Meat Sources (448 million tons in 2005) Poultry 20% Beef 16% Poultry Soy Pork Beef Source: Vital Signs 2005 Pork 26% Fish 35% kg Feed per kg Animal Beef Pork Poultry Fish Source: Vital Signs 2005 More Energy MGY Ethanol Plant today Water Consumption Increase - New Sources? Sulfuric Acid $1M Corn Ethanol, Grains, CO 2 Natural Gas Methane $15M NH3 $2M Ethanol Production Thin Stillage Syrup $20/ton Water Vapor + 120,000t CO MGD Water Natural Gas $13.6M US Drought Areas New Sources? New Regulation Phosphorus in Wastewater Phosphorus concentrations in surface waters. Source: Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmap, U.S. Department of the Interior in 2003 Source: Economic Research Service, USDA, based on phosphorus data from Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (1998) and Kellogg et al. (2000)

4 New Regulation Chloride Reduction Reason for Chlorides - Ion-Exchange Water Softening Drinking Water Na + Water Supply Ca 2+ Wastewater Cl - Cl -, Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Na + Cl - Water Supply Enhancement - Radium in Well Water Water Supply Enhancement Saline Aquifers Source: U.S. geological survey State-of-the-Art Desalination RO Fluidized Bed Reactor Mining Materials from Water Process efficiency 80% due to fouling Applied Nano-Technology CRYSTALACTOR Installation 10 MGD 8 MGD to Distribution 2 MGD Brine Effluent Pellet Discharge Pellet Reactor: Minerals crystallize on seed surfaces in a fluidized state. Pellets grow and sink to the bottom, where they can be discharged. 2MGD of water are wasted with the brine! ph adjustment and reagents Feed

5 Advanced Desalination - RO plus Brine Recovery 1 st Chloride-free Water Softening in North America RO 10 MGD 8 MGD 1.6 MGD 2 MGD Brine 9.6 MGD to Distribution 20% Supply Increase 80% Waste Reduction 96% Efficiency Approaching ZLD Valencia, CA RO Scaling materials extraction allows recovery 2 MGD 0.4 MGD Brine Eliminates Chlorides from wastewater Increases water supply by 20% Radium + Hardness + Iron Removal as Micro Aggregate More Materials Phosphate Mining in Wastewater $1,200 $1,000 $800 Phosphate Price per Ton Procorp Results $600 $400 $200 $ Radium removal in safe reusable limestone pellets Nutrient Recovery Reactor, WI Recovered Phosphate Pellets Produced Water - Oil + Water + Minerals Reclamation Sustainable Ethanol Production 30% Energy Shift Produced Water Reuse Water (re-injected) Process cost savings > $20+ million per year! Salable Sulfur $0.5M Corn Energy (Biogas) Methane $10M -$14M Ethanol, Grains, CO 2 1 barrel of oil produces 10 barrels Produced Water Oil Hardness Minerals (reused after grinding) NH3 rich Backset $1M 950,000 G/D Water Reuse 1-2% Solids, ph 6-7 MBR Ethanol Production Digester / patented Thin Stillage Energy $13.6M 120,000t CO 2 Syrup $20/ton

6 Procorp Enterprises LLC Since March 2007 Leading Sustainable Innovation 1 st North American water softening Valencia, CA 1 st RO brine recovery worldwide - Carollo Engineers, CA 1 st integrated RO system with >88% efficiency, MN 1 st fully sustainable Ethanol plant energy recovery, WI 1 st North American phosphorus recovery Alto Dairy, WI 1 st fully sustainable radium removal Waukesha, WI Thank you!