A prototype architecture for passive and plus energy building in Estonia

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1 A prototype architecture for passive and plus energy building in Estonia Tõnu Mauring, Jaanus Hallik, Margus Valge, Kristo Kalbe University of Tartu, Institute of Technology Georg W. Reinberg, Architekturbüro Reinberg ZT GmbH

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3 Site location Põlva Estonia (58 N, 27 E) Long-term average dry bulb temperature for inland part of Estonia is in: December -2,5 C, January -3,0 C, February -5,2 C. [Kalamees and Kurnitski 2006] [Kalamees and Vinha 2004] Corresponding long-term average daily minimum values are from November to March below -10,0 C, For January below -14,3 C. [Kalamees 2006] Temperature falls Occasionally below -30,0 C, Frequently below -15,0 C [Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute 2002]

4 Architectural design and energy concept

5 General information Treated floor area (PHPP) 280,6 m 2 Number of rooms 6 Construction time-span Main constructions Wood and concrete Architects: Martha Enriquez Reinberg and Georg W. Reinberg

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11 Thermal envelope Wall KLH massive wood Cellullose + C-beam Kronopol DP50 U = 0,11 W/(m 2 K) 400 mm Roof KLH massive wood EPS Silver (wedge) EPS Silver Isover OL-TOP SBS roofing U = 0,07 W/(m 2 K) (average) Underground wall Clay plaster Reinforced concrete EPS Perimeeter pluss U = 0,11 or 0,07 W/(m 2 K) 94 mm 15 mm 112 mm 170 mm 380 mm 30 mm 15 mm 30 mm 200 mm 300/500 mm Average U-value (incl. windows, doors, thermal bridges, etc) 0,146 W/(m 2 K) Floor slab Wood Cement EPS 100 Granulate Reinforced concrete XPS Reinforced concrete U = 0,09 W/(m 2 K) 20 mm 60 mm 100 mm 30 mm 300 mm 300 mm 80 mm

12 Thermal bridge free design (overall reduction by 1,9 kwh/(m 2 yr) ) LBNL THERM 6.3

13 Windows Pro Passivhausfenster Smartwin Average U-value 0,67 W/(m 2 K) Average g-value 0,51

14 Ventilation and heating Ventilation with heat recovery Paul Novus 300 Paul Sole Defroster SD m long 40 mm pipe Ground source heat pump with split solar thermal system Viessmann Vitocal 300 G BWC - 2x 80 m deep vertical boreholes - 5,9 kw, COP = 4,5 Sonnenkraft solar panels - Roof mounted (for summer) 11,6 m 2 - Wall mounted (for winter) 13,1 m 2 Wall and floor heating - 2x1000 L storage tanks - 39/33 C supply/return temperture

15 Airtight construction Average air change rate of under- and overpressure n50 = 0,36 1/h

16 The first certified passive house in Estonia

17 Heat loss and heat gains in kwh/month Building heat balance in kwh/month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Net space heat demand Utilised internal heat gains Utilised solar gains Non-utilised internal heat gains Non-utilised solar gains Heat losses PHPP 2007, ISO 13790

18 Heat losses and gains in heating period in kwh/a Exterior Wall to Ambient Exterior Wall to Conservatory Exterior Wall to Ground Roof to Ambient Floor slab Windows (incl. thermal bridges) Exterior Door Linear thermal bridges (external dim.) Ventilation and infiltration Utilised solar heat gain Utilised internal heat gain Annual net space heat demand Building heat balance in kwh/a PHPP 2007, ISO 13790

19 Window heat balance in kwh/a Heat losses Utilised solar gains Non-utilised solar gains West South East North Heat loss and gain for the heating period in kwh/a PHPP 2007, ISO 13790

20 Whole building energy demand and production in kwh/a Calculated values: Net space heating demand Production Losses of space heat distribution (non-utilised) Demand Net energy demand for domestic hot water (DHW) production Losses of DHW storage and distribution (non-utilised) Energy demand and production (kwh/a) Energy demand covered by GSHP (vertical ground source heat pump) Useful energy production by solar-thermal system for space heating and DHW

21 Passive house is a good basis for net zero energy house

22 Electricity kwh/a Electricity demand and production in kwh/a Calculated values: Photovoltaic Domestic appliances, lighting, sauna equipment etc. Technical installations (ventilators, pumps etc.) GSHP (vertical ground source heat pump) 0 Demand Production

23 Electricity demand Heat pump household auxilliary kwh/a PV electricity production 90 m 2 SolarWorld Sunmodule Plus SW 196 Vario poly Calculated production: kwh/a Balance 0 => net zero energy building

24 Monitoring Window and door position sensors (4) for night cooling and CO 2 Indoor air temperature and humidity sensors (6) for indoor climate on all floors and different room types CO 2 (2) for indoor climate in two bedrooms Massive wall temperature sensors (12) for temperature on different sides and heigths of wall Ventilation system (including defroster) temperature and humidity sensors (5) Outside air temperture and humidity sensors Wall construction temperature and humidity sensors (5) Wall heat flux sensor Global radiation sensor

25 First results: Process of warming up the massive wall Regular temperature increase 7 K in 6,5 hr No additional heating in whole March

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27 Thank you for you attention Parties involved in the project: Architects: Martha Enriquez Reinberg and Georg W. Reinberg, Architekturbüro Reinberg ZT GmbH, Wien, Austria. Consulters: Tõnu Mauring, Jaanus Hallik and Kristo Kalbe, University of Tartu (building physics, monitoring), Johannes Riebenbauer, Graz (static engineer), S&P Climadesign GmbH (technical systems), Margus Valge, Sense OÜ (project management and site supervision), PassiveHouse OÜ Estonia and Passive House Institute, Darmstadt (certification).

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