Water of the Nile (The quality) 1
|
|
- Emil Newman
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Water of the Nile (The quality) 1 By Bashir Mohamed El Hassan 2 and Isam Mohmed Abdel-Magid 3 Introduction It has always been assumed that the water of the Nile and its tributaries are safe from chemical, physical and bacteriological points of view. This assumption was mainly based on the rather limited water and land usages in contrast with the abundance of available water. This led to the rather indiscriminate use of water. The consequences, of such attitude, resulted in gradual deterioration of water quality, spread of water-related diseases and water shortages. This has been magnified by negligence, unawareness, lack of health education as well as lack of sound environmental planning for water resources. The research that has been carried so far by different health authorities suggested a direct link between water quality and the health status of the inhabitants. The increase in water use without proper water management and the adopted irrigation practices resulted in an increase of prevalence of certain diseases such as diarrhea, malaria, infectious hepatitis, typhoid, schistosomiasis, gastroenteritis etc. Table 1 shows incidence of some water related diseases prevailing in some provinces in the Sudan: Table (1) Incidence of some water related diseases in some provinces of the Sudan. Disease % infected population of total province population Khartoum Blue Nile El Gezera Malaria Eye diseases Diarrhea NA 4 6 Dysenteries Schistosomiasis Typhoid NA 0.1 NA Infectious Hepatitis No. of population per province (millions) Published in the Proceeding of International; Conference on Water Resources Needs & Planning in Drought Prone Areas, Khartoum, Dec. 1986, pp Dean, School of Hygiene, Khartoum, Sudan 3 Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, University of Khartoum, Sudan 609
2 Historical Background: This could be divided into two phases: Phase (1): It relates to the work that has been carried out by the Welcome Laboratories by Beam and others {1}. Phase (2): Started in 1953 by the establishment of the Hydro biological Research Unit (Talling and others, 8). The former work has been carried out with a bias to the health impact and relationship; whereas the latter work has been conducted from an ecological point of view. Latecomers in this field included various research bodies and the water supply authorities. They covered to great extent health aspects, treatment methodologies and requirements together with consumer interests. Results and Discussions Based on literature survey that has been accumulated in the various governmental departments, private collections and laboratory investigations carried by postgraduate candidates in different faculties of the University of Khartoum, a general view has been adopted. This is to survey historically the documented obvious changes in Nile water quality with emphasis on physical, chemical, bacteriological and biological parameters. The gathered data were subjected to analysis in order to focus on the quality trend changes, if any, and try to identify reasons that would justify these changes. A. Physical Parameters: Certain parameters were stressed upon due to practical laboratory limitations. The emphasis followed for parameters that could indicate any suspected changes. The selected parameters included suspended solids concentration, turbidity value and conductivity measurements. It is to be noted that the significance of other parameters such as temperature, taste, odor and color etc., cannot be neglected. A. 1. Turbidity and suspended Solids: The measurements of turbidity for the Nile (as shown in Fig.1) revealed a seasonal fluctuation with a maximum occurring in July, August and September; while the minimum value resulted during December, January and February. The variation of suspended solids follows a similar seasonal variation to that of turbidity (Fig1) Figure (2) shows the general trend for dissolved solids variation for a span of ten years. The figures indicate the seasonal variation of turbidity and solids with a maximum during the food season and a minimum value during winter months. This could be attributed to the variable sediment load carried by the river during those months; as well as the mode of operation of dams along the river and the hydrological characteristics on the catchments areas The illustrated figures demonstrate also the trends of gradual increase of solids load over the years. This could be attributed, with reservation, to the changes that the river has been subjected to; such as dams control structures, agricultural schemes and industrial activities, 610
3 along with increase of settlements of inhabitants alongside riverbanks. Likewise climatic conditions play role. B. 2. Conductivity: Figure (3) reveals the general trend of variation over a period span of 20 years. It is clear that the persistent trend signifies a higher conductivity value for the White Nile in comparison to that for the Blue Nile. The reason behind this could be traced down to difference in characteristics of the catchment areas, pattern and origin of river flow, water and land use activities around the river basin. B) Chemical Characteristics: Although complete data on chemical analysis are available, yet the authors of this paper selected only those parameters that could be indicators of pollution or deterioration of river water quality. Therefore, picked parameters including chlorides, nitrogen compounds (N-NO 3 - ) and dissolved oxygen. Unfortunately data on trace compounds, pesticides and fertilizers are not attainable; since they are not performed on routine bases and due to absence of monitoring stations. B.1 Chloride concentration: Figure (4) shows the obvious differences in chloride content between the White and Blue Niles; with the higher concentration always found in the White Nile along the years. Likewise, there is a gradual build up in chloride concentration in both rivers for the chosen span of twenty years. For instance, in absolute terms, the chloride content of the Blue Nile increased from a value of 5 mg/1 (1961) to about 20 mg/1 (1981); an increase of approximately four folds. The White Nile increase in chloride content from about 8 mg/t to around 22 mg/l (approximately three folds) The significant increase in chloride content could possibly indicate a gradual buildup of pollution. This may be due either to natural or man-made activities. C. 2. Nitrogen compounds: (Organic and inorganic) The analysis of available data on nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, albimonid nitrogen suggests the absence of significant organic contamination over the years, This is contrary to the general belief. This may be ascribed to the high dilution factor and the rather efficient self-purification persisting in the rivers up to date. 611
4 D. 3. Dissolved oxygen: Figure (5) indicates the rather stable variation of DO over a span of ten years. This conforms to the findings regarding nitrogen compounds. C) Bacteriological Characteristics Table (2) shows bacteriological analysis of waters of the rivers in terms of fecal cloiform/100ml..the readings illustrate possible changes and seasonal variations. This could be reflection of effects of flow characteristics, flood, and catchment area contribution as well as effects of climatic factors such as temperature. Table (2) Bacteriological analysis waters of rivers in terms of fecal cloiform/100ml Blue Nile White Nile Main Nile Table (1) demonstrates the rather high prevalence of the reported water related diseases, which is a good indicator of the water quality and the improper environmental management; together with poor health educational level. Conclusions and Recommendations Graphs summarizing the findings of this paper show the seasonal variations as well as gradual changes in water quality of the Nile. These could be interpreted as being unfavorable conditions that if uncontrolled, or improperly managed, could lead to pollution of the water. The high subsistence of water related disease-vectors throw some light of the mismanagement as well as low socioeconomic status of the people. The deterioration of river water quality will undoubtly, interfere with any beneficial usages of the water locally and regionally. This calls not only for internal sound management of the river water quality, but also calls for close integration and coordination between countries of the river Nile basin. This is to activate the ongoing joint research among the countries of the river Nile Basin. References 1. Beam, W, Chemical Composition of Nile Water, 2 nd report, 1906, Nile waters, 3 rd report, 1908; Welcome Research Laboratory, Khartoum. 2. El Moghraby, A. I. (Edi), 1984, "Water and Land Use in the Blue Nile Basin", Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Khartoum. 3. El Zubeir, M.E.G 1985: A Study on the Supplied Water Quality at Khartoum", M.Sc. Thesis. Civil Eng. Dept. University of Khartoum. 4. Habiballa, H.I. 1981, " A Comparative Study of the Resources of Domestic Water Supply in Khartoum and their Associated Problems, M.Sc. thesis, Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Khartoum. 5. Mahgoub D.M. 1984, Coliform bacteria in the Nile at Khartoum:, M.Sc. Thesis, Inst. Environ. Studies, University of Khartoum. 6. Ministry of Energy and Mining, Records of water quality " unpublished data, Khartoum Central Laboratory. 612
5 7. Mohamed, Y.A " Study of water quality for the Blue Nile and White Nile", M.Sc. Civil Eng. Dept, University of Khartoum. 8. Talling J. F "The longitudinal succession of water characteristics, in the White Nile", Hydrobiologia J. Vol. XI(1). 9. The Chemical Laboratories-Ministry of Health records and data, Unpublished, ,
6 614
2014 ASSINIBOINE RIVER MONITORING REPORT
October 15, 2014 Temperature º C 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 10.1 10.2 10.1 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 10.3 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 Conductivity ms/cm 1.262 1.235 1.253 1.307 1.315 1.307 1.322 1.32
More informationLittle Cypress Bayou Special Study - Subwatershed 1.10
- Subwatershed 1.1 Sabine River Authority of Texas August 31, 21 Prepared in Cooperation with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission Under the Authorization of the Texas Clean Rivers Act Table
More informationWater Quality. CE 370 Lecture 1. Global Distribution of Earth s s Water
Water Quality CE 370 Lecture 1 Global Distribution of Earth s s Water Water Demand and Supply in Saudi Arabia Total Water Consumption = 22 billion m 3 /Year Water Demand Water Supply Industrial Domestic
More informationEnvironmental Services
215 Environmental Services River Water Quality Summary for the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area In 215, Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES) river monitoring was conducted at six automated and
More informationPortland Water District Sebago Lake Watershed Monitoring Programs Crooked River Monitoring (1977 to 2016) Brie Holme
Portland Water District Sebago Lake Watershed Monitoring Programs Crooked River Monitoring (1977 to 2016) Brie Holme Introduction Sebago Lake is the primary drinking water supply for 200,000 people in
More informationREND LAKE WATER QUALITY
REND LAKE 1999-2002 WATER QUALITY REPORT U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, ST. LOUIS DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SECTION - Water Quality Billy Arthur, Section Chief Theodore Postol, Environmental Engineer
More informationHydrology and Water Quality. Water. Water 9/11/2018. Molecular Water a great solvent. Molecular Water
Hydrology and Water Quality Water Molecular Water Exists as an equilibrium But equilibrium altered by what is dissolved in it Water Molecular Water a great solvent In reality, water in the environment
More informationMARK CREEK DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
MARK CREEK DEMONSTRATION PROJECT OCC Tasks 20 and 21 FY 1990 319(h) Task 210 EPA Grant # C9-006704-90-0 Submitted by: Oklahoma Conservation Commission Water Quality Division 413 NW 12 th Oklahoma City,
More informationHeavy Metals Pollution and Trend in the River Nile System
American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) 2313-4410, ISSN (Online) 2313-4402 Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers http://asrjetsjournal.org/
More informationAmbient Water Quality Objectives For The Tributaries To Okanagan Lake Near Kelowna
Water Quality Ambient Water Quality Objectives For The Tributaries To Okanagan Lake Near Kelowna Overview Report Water Management Branch Environment And Resource Division Ministry Of Environment, Lands
More informationEnvironmental Services
Environmental Services 14 River Water Quality Summary for the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area This document is a summary of the 14 water quality of major rivers in the Twin Cities metropolitan area (metro
More informationThe physical and chemical characteristics of Danube water quality near Kovin (Vojvodina) in Serbia
The physical and chemical characteristics of Danube water quality near Kovin (Vojvodina) in Serbia Slavka Stankovic 1 This work represents a summary of the Danube river water quality in the vicinity of
More informationManitoba Water Quality Standards, Objectives, and Guidelines Dwight Williamson, Manager Water Quality Management Section Manitoba Conservation
Manitoba Water Quality Standards, Objectives, and Guidelines 2002 Dwight Williamson, Manager Water Quality Management Section Manitoba Conservation 1 Outline Brief history Review process Overview of proposed
More informationHydrology and Water Quality. Water. Water 9/13/2016. Molecular Water a great solvent. Molecular Water
Hydrology and Water Quality Water Molecular Water Exists as an equilibrium But equilibrium altered by what is dissolved in it Water Molecular Water a great solvent In reality, water in the environment
More informationMARK TWAIN LAKE WATER QUALITY REPORT. for
MARK TWAIN LAKE WATER QUALITY REPORT for 1997 U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, ST. LOUIS DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SECTION - Water Quality Ted Postol, Section Chief Tori Foerste, Environmental Engineer
More informationFARM MICROBIOLOGY 2008 PART 7: WATER & WASTEWATER MICROBIOLOGY. B. The water supply and the hydrologic cycle.
FARM MICROBIOLOGY 2008 PART 7: WATER & WASTEWATER MICROBIOLOGY I. Water General and Microbiology. A. Domestic use of water. Drinking, bathing, cleaning, formulating drugs, mediamaking (for bacteriology
More informationWater Pollution. And Humans are 70% Water! A. Facts 1. 71% of the Earth s surface is water I. Water and the Planet Earth
Water Pollution Water Pollution I. Water and the Planet Earth A. Facts 1. 71% of the Earth s surface is water. 3 0.5.003 2. Of the 100% of water on the planet, % is fresh water, % is available fresh water
More informationWater Pollution & Quality. Dr. Deniz AKGÜL Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering
Water Pollution & Quality Dr. Deniz AKGÜL Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering IMPORTANCE OF WATER Life on planet Earth would be impossible without water. All life forms, from simple
More informationEarth s Pools of Water What is the residence time of these pools?
(1) The Hydrologic Cycle What are the major pools (reservoirs) of water on EARTH? More than enough water on our planet to sustain life. Why then do we have water shortages? And, why are we concerned about
More informationAppendix 5. Fox River Study Group Interim Monitoring Evaluation
Appendix 5. Fox River Study Group Interim Monitoring Evaluation Introduction Submitted to Fox River Study Group 6 March 3 The purpose of this report is to review data collected by the Fox River Study Group
More informationGROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT OF MAKKAH AL-MOKARAMA
Twelfth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC12 28, Alexandria, Egypt GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT OF MAKKAH AL-MOKARAMA Bassam A. Ghulman 1, M.S. EL-Bisy 1 and H. Ali 2 1 Civil Engineering Dept.,
More information(1) The Hydrologic Cycle
(1) The Hydrologic Cycle What are the major pools (reservoirs) of water on EARTH? More than enough water on our planet to sustain life. Why then do we have water shortages? And, why are we concerned about
More informationThe Mekong River Report Card on Water Quality ( )
The Mekong River Report Card on Water Quality (2000-2006) Volume 1: September 2008 Mekong River Commission Background The water resources of the Mekong River support the livelihoods of most of the 60 million
More informationImproving water quality through integrated water resources management
reviewed paper 33rd WEDC International Conference, Accra, Ghana, 2008 ACCESS TO SANITATION AND SAFE WATER: GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS AND LOCAL ACTIONS Improving water quality through integrated water resources
More informationFighting famine and poverty through water harvesting in Northern Ethiopia
Fighting famine and poverty through water harvesting in Northern Ethiopia Mintesinot B., Kifle W. & Leulseged T. Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia 63 Summary This paper presents a case
More informationActivity 1: Using the Level of Oxygen- Saturation Chart graph Dissolved Oxygen vs. Temperature at 100% saturation. Start by making a 2 column table.
Activity 1: Using the Level of Oxygen- Saturation Chart graph Dissolved Oxygen vs. Temperature at 100% saturation. Start by making a 2 column table. Number the first column with temperatures from 0 to
More informationLong-term change of stream water quality as a consequence of watershed development and management
Long-term change of stream water quality as a consequence of watershed development and management T. Kinouchi, K. Musiake Department of Environment System Management, Fukushima University, Japan kinouchi@sss.fukushima-u.ac.jp.
More informationAquatic Science Unit 2. Water Quality and Water Pollution
Aquatic Science Unit 2 Water Quality and Water Pollution What is a healthy water body? In your own words, take a moment to describe what you believe are some of the characteristics of a healthy stream
More informationMARK TWAIN LAKE 2002 WATER QUALITY
MARK TWAIN LAKE 2002 WATER QUALITY REPORT U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, ST. LOUIS DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SECTION - Water Quality Ted Postol, Section Chief Tori Foerste, Environmental Engineer Donna
More informationCARLYLE LAKE WATER QUALITY REPORT. for
CARLYLE LAKE WATER QUALITY REPORT for 1997 U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, ST. LOUIS DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SECTION - Water Quality Ted Postol, Section Chief Tori Foerste, Environmental Engineer
More informationMassDEP Water Quality Monitoring in the Merrimack Watershed: Therese Beaudoin MassDEP Division of Watershed Management
MassDEP Water Quality Monitoring in the Merrimack Watershed: 1995-2015 Therese Beaudoin MassDEP Division of Watershed Management Overview Descriptions of the various monitoring programs conducted by MassDEP
More informationWater Pollution. Chapter 20
Water Pollution Chapter 20 Water Pollution Comes from Point and Nonpoint Sources Water pollution Any chemical, biological, or physical change in water quality that harms living organisms or makes water
More informationMARK TWAIN LAKE 2002 WATER QUALITY REPORT
MARK TWAIN LAKE 2002 WATER QUALITY REPORT U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, ST. LOUIS DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SECTION - Water Quality Billy Arthur,Section Chief Ted Postol, Environmental Engineer Rick
More informationOverview of Chapter 21
21 Water Pollution Overview of Chapter 21 Types of Water Pollution Water Quality Today Municipal Agricultural Industrial Improving Water Quality Laws Controlling Water Pollution Types of Water Pollution
More information462 - Solids, Total Dissolved 630 mg/l
Phone : (608) 252-7935 Permit : 0063088 801/MW-1 Infiltration Area Well WI Unique No: Date: 03/23/2016 Casing Top Elevation New(Feet, MSL): 1006.92 Well Is: Broken: N Frozen: N Dry: N Has: Odor: N Color:
More informationNewcastle Creek Community Watershed Water Quality Objectives Attainment Report
Newcastle Creek Community Watershed Water Quality Objectives Attainment Report Environmental Quality Section Environmental Protection Division West Coast Region 2013 Report Prepared by: Clayton Smith.
More information2009 Water Sampling Report
2009 Water Project No. 209063-000 January 2010 , Idaho 2009 Water 10394 02/11/10 Project No. 209063-000 January 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 10-1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives 1 2.0 - Island
More informationIrrigation. Branch. Crowfoot Creek Watershed Study. Why was this study conducted? How was this study conducted?
AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Irrigation Branch Crowfoot Creek Watershed Study The Crowfoot Creek Study was conducted to determine whether agricultural practices are contributing to the deterioration
More informationSudan acute Food insecurity Situation
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Sudan acute Food insecurity Situation Analysis Date: October 2017 - Valid to: End of December2017 Outcomes for more affected areas:(phase 3 and worse)
More informationWater Pollution. Objective: Name, describe, and cite examples of the eight major types of water pollution.
Water Pollution Objective: Name, describe, and cite examples of the eight major types of water pollution. Types of Water Pollution Water pollutants are divided into eight categories: 1. Sediment pollution
More informationThe eutrophication in the river Vouga basin impacts on the quality of water for public supply
The eutrophication in the river Vouga basin impacts on the quality of water for public supply J. FIGUEIREDO DA SILVA 1 & FAUSTO OLIVEIRA 2 1 Departamento de Ambiente, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro,
More informationDeveloping Water Quality Monitoring Programs for Agricultural Runoff/Discharges in the Central Valley of California
Developing Water Quality Monitoring Programs for Agricultural Runoff/Discharges in the Central Valley of California G. Fred Lee, PhD, PE, DEE & Anne Jones-Lee, PhD G. Fred Lee & Associates El Macero, CA
More informationRESEARCH PROPOSAL GROUP 1 WATER RESOURCE QUALITY ASSESSMENT. Group Members 1. Siriphat Sirikunpitak (Prince of Songkla University)
RESEARCH PROPOSAL GROUP 1 WATER RESOURCE QUALITY ASSESSMENT Group Members 1. Siriphat Sirikunpitak (Prince of Songkla University) 2. Md. Mostafizur Rahman (Hokkaido University) 3. Supanad Hensawang (Chulalongkorn
More informationLesson Overview. Overview Continued. ENVSC 296: Lesson No. 9. Part I: Drinking Water. Lesson 9: Water & Wastewater January 31, 2005
ENVSC 296: Lesson No. 9 Part I: Drinking Water January 31, 2005 Sandy Rock Life Sciences Division Bellevue Community College ENVIR 202: Lesson 9 1 Lesson Overview Three ways of looking at Water Water as
More informationTsulquate River Community Watershed Water Quality Objectives Attainment Report
Tsulquate River Community Watershed Water Quality Objectives Attainment Report Environmental Quality Section Environmental Protection Division West Coast Region 2013 Report Prepared by: Clayton Smith.
More informationDevelopment of a hybrid water treatment system using solar still cum sand filter with ceramic media
International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering ISSN 2348-157, Vol. 2, No. 3, July 214 Development of a hybrid treatment system using solar still cum sand filter with ceramic media
More informationTÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Environment Institute, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
Effect of Point and Nonpoint Sources on Pollution of Rivers and Lakes in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey Selma Ç. Ayaz 1*, Özgür Aktaş 1, Sönmez Dağlı 1, Hakan A. Gürpınar 1, Lütfi Akça 2 *Corresponding author
More informationQuality of Rainwater From Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Sanaa. Nagib Ghaleb N. Mohammed, Civil Engineering Department, University of Bahrain
Quality of Rainwater From Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Sanaa Nagib Ghaleb N. Mohammed, Civil Engineering Department, University of Bahrain Outlines Shortage of Water Rain water harvesting Benefits of
More information2017 Annual Consumer Confidence Report Naval Station, Guantanamo Bay (NSGB)
2017 Annual Consumer Confidence Report Naval Station, Guantanamo Bay (NSGB) WATER SOURCE AND TREATMENT We are pleased to provide you with the 2017 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report. This report is designed
More informationWater Quality Advisory Committee (WQAC) Chloride Trends. Delaware River Basin Commission West Trenton, NJ March 29, 2018
Water Quality Advisory Committee (WQAC) Chloride Trends Delaware River Basin Commission West Trenton, NJ March 29, 2018 Criteria Exceedances Recent criteria exceedances occurring in Zone 2; Estimated chloride
More informationMonitoring and Assessment of Chemical Quality. Session Objectives
Monitoring and Assessment of Chemical Quality Session Objectives To highlight the relative priority for microbiological and chemical water quality monitoring and emphasis the need for a rational, health-based
More information2009 Columbia River Water Quality Monitoring Data Report
2009 Columbia River Water Quality Monitoring Data Report Table of Contents Page Introduction......3 Map of Columbia Basin....4 Maps of Portland and Wenatchee Area Sites..5 Maps or Columbia Gorge East and
More informationWater Monitoring in Spa Creek: A Summary
Water Monitoring in Spa Creek: A Summary Written by: Alexis Jones & Blake Harden Edited by: Hannah Krauss Water monitoring is very important in order to determine the health of the Chesapeake Bay and its
More information2013ANNUAL DRINKING WATER QUALITY REPORT. Naval Air Station Corpus Christi D Street Corpus Christi, TX 78419
ANNUAL DRINKING WATER QUALITY REPORT Naval Air Station Corpus Christi 11001 D Street Corpus Christi, TX 78419 This report is a summary of the quality of water we provided to our customers during. We hope
More informationSpecial Publication SJ2004-SP22 St. Johns River Water Supply Project Surface Water Treatment and Demineralization Study
Special Publication SJ2004-SP22 St. Johns River Water Supply Project Surface Water Treatment and Demineralization Study Preliminary Raw Water Characterization TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM PRELIMINARY RAW WATER
More informationWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RIVER RAVI AROUND LAHORE CITY
Paper No. 704 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RIVER RAVI AROUND LAHORE CITY Afaf Ayesha 636 Ayesha Pakistan Engineering Congress, 71st Annual Session Proceedings 637 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RIVER RAVI
More informationSOURCE WATER MONITORING
Monitoring and Protecting Our Water Sources SOURCE WATER MONITORING The Upper Cache la Poudre (UCLP) Watershed Collaborative Monitoring Program was established in 28 between the City of Fort Collins, the
More informationEffects of wastewater stabilization pond effluent on agricultural crops
K. International Naddafi, et al. Journal of Environmental Science & Technology Effects of wastewater stabilization... Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 273-277, Winter 2005 Effects of wastewater stabilization pond effluent
More informationWater and Waste Water Management in Yangon, Myanmar
Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Irrigation Department Water and Waste Water Management in Yangon, Myanmar Mu Mu Than Staff Officer, Irrigation Department Myanmar March,2010 Socio-economical
More informationIMPACTS OF URBANIZATION OF THE GREATER CAIRO AREA ON THE GROUNDWATER IN THE UNDERLYING AQUIFER
Hydrological Processes and Water Management in Urban Areas (Proceedings of the Duisberg Symposium, April 1990). IAHS Publ. no. 198, 1990. IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION OF THE GREATER CAIRO AREA ON THE GROUNDWATER
More informationOPTIMIZING NET FLOW OF POLLUTANTS TO RIVER GANGA FROM ITS TRIBUTARIES IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYAS, USING GOAL PROGRAMMING
OPTIMIZING NET FLOW OF POLLUTANTS TO RIVER GANGA FROM ITS TRIBUTARIES IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYAS, USING GOAL PROGRAMMING Rajesh dangwal 1, Arvind Kumar 2 and * Vivek Naithani 1 1 Department of Mathematics,
More informationSimplified Procedures for Water Examinations
Manual of Water Supply Practices M12 Simplified Procedures for Water Examinations Sixth Edition Contents Figures, ix Tables, xi Foreword, xiii Acknowledgments, xv Chapter 1 Water Quality Laboratory....
More information2015 Consumer Confidence Report
2015 Consumer Confidence Report Water System Name: Uriah Heeps Spring Water System Report Date: 06/23/2016 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates that every water system serving at least 15
More informationStress Test Report of the water recovery system in the Blue Diversion Toilet
Stress Test Report of the water recovery system in the Blue Diversion Toilet Date: September 2 nd, 2013 Authors: Rahel Künzle, Susanne Scheidegger, Tove Larsen Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic
More informationThe proposed Baddegedara reservoir project could be justified due to following reasons
CHAPTER 6 6.0 CONCLUSIONS The proposed Baddegedara reservoir project could be justified due to following reasons Salinity survey of existing wells pointed out high salinity in the coastal area of the project.
More informationWater Governance Benchmarking Criteria
Water Governance Benchmarking Criteria Click on each red number in order to link to the corresponding paragraph. Click again on the red number in order to return to criteria page. Numbers found next to
More informationIdentifying Water Sources and Quality Standards
Lesson A3 3 Identifying Water Sources and Quality Standards Unit A. Natural Resources Problem Area 3. Water Lesson 3. Identifying Water Sources and Quality Standards New Mexico Content Standard: Pathway
More information2017 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (Consumer Confidence Report)
2017 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (Consumer Confidence Report) TANGLEWOOD ON TEXOMA 1-866-654-7992 The Utility s water system, owned and operated by SouthWest Water Company, provides our water
More informationWater Quality: The Basics
Water Quality: The Basics Environmental Science Why is Water Quality Important? Effects all humans Safe drinking water Allows for food productions and SAFE food products Effects Wildlife Health domestic
More informationDrinking water quality status of district Charssadda Pakistan
International Research on Medical Sciences Vol.1(2), pp. 018-023, May, 2013 Available online at http://www.apexjournal.org ISSN 2315-8845 2013 Apex Journal International Full Length Research Paper Drinking
More informationUsing the Waste Load Allocation Model (WLAM) to Develop Effluent Limitations and Waste Discharge Requirements
Using the Waste Load Allocation Model (WLAM) to Develop Effluent Limitations and Waste Discharge Requirements Background The Regional Water Quality Control Board establishes water quality objectives to
More informationWe used these results to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) using this formula:
Water Quality Study The water quality study of Sungai Way was undertaken by a certified laboratory (EraLab) on Friday, March 7, 2008 from 9.30am to 12pm. The official Certificate of Analysis of the water
More informationAbanbars as a Trustable Method of Water Harvesting
Abanbars as a Trustable Method of Water Harvesting N. Talebbeydokhti Dept. of Civil Engineering Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail: taleb@succ.shirazu.ac.ir B.Hooshyari Dept. of Civil Engineering
More informationLOXAHATCHEE RIVER WATER QUALITY EVENT SAMPLING TASK 2: FINAL REPORT ASSESSMENT OF LOXAHATCHEE RIVER WATER QUALITY
LOXAHATCHEE RIVER WATER QUALITY EVENT SAMPLING TASK 2: FINAL REPORT ASSESSMENT OF 2007-2008 LOXAHATCHEE RIVER WATER QUALITY In Partial Fulfillment of Agreement No. 4600001281 For the Period October 2007
More informationDevelopment of National Lake Water Quality Standards for Sustainable Management of Lakes and Reservoirs in Malaysia
Development of National Lake Water Quality Standards for Sustainable Management of Lakes and Reservoirs in Malaysia Zati Sharip 1*, Saim Suratman 1,Ahmad Jamalluddin Shaaban 1 1. National Hydraulic Research
More informationPortland Water District Sebago Lake Watershed Monitoring Programs Tributary Monitoring ( ) Kirsten Ness
Introduction Portland Water District Sebago Lake Watershed Monitoring Programs Tributary Monitoring (1977 2016) Kirsten Ness Sebago Lake is the primary drinking water supply for nearly 200,000 people in
More informationIntroduction to Water Quality Parameters
Introduction to Water Quality Parameters Directions: Your group will be assigned one or two Water Quality (WQ) parameters to read about and present to the class. 1. Read the explanations for your assigned
More informationSOURCE WATER MONITORING
Monitoring and Protecting Our Water Sources SOURCE WATER MONITORING The Upper Cache la Poudre (UCLP) Watershed Collaborative Monitoring Program was established in 2008 between the City of Fort Collins,
More informationThames River Water Quality 2017
Thames River Water Quality 2017 City Of London Environment and Engineering Services June 2018 Purpose: To present information on the water quality of the Thames River for 2017. Executive Summary Thames
More informationChapter 1 - INTRODUCTION
Water Quality Monitoring - A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Freshwater Quality Studies and Monitoring Programmes Edited by Jamie Bartram and Richard Ballance Published on behalf of
More informationWorld Journal of Engineering Research and Technology WJERT
wjert, 2019, Vol., Issue 1, 179-190. Original Article ISSN 244-69X Ahmed et al. WJERT www.wjert.org SJIF Impact Factor:.218 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN EGYPTIAN INDUSTRIAL ZONES Ahmed M. F. A.*
More informationRawal Lake Water Treatment Plant Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Rawal Lake Water Treatment Plant Rawalpindi, Pakistan 1. Background Information Rawal Lake Water Treatment Plant is managed by the Water & Sanitation Agency (WASA) under the Rawalpindi Development Authority
More informationREGULATION NO. 62 COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT WATER QUALITY CONTROL COMMISSION REGULATIONS FOR EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
REGULATION NO. 62 COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT WATER QUALITY CONTROL COMMISSION REGULATIONS FOR EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS ADOPTED: March 18, 1975 FORMAT CHANGED: January 4, 1977 AMENDED:
More informationAbstract. 1 Introduction
The prediction of far-field pollutant concentrations using residual currents M. Hartnett, S.Nash, R. Leslie Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
More informationSudan 2013 floods, From satellite images perspective, Case study: Eastern Nile Locality, Khartoum State
Sudan 2013 floods, From satellite images perspective, Case study: Eastern Nile Locality, Khartoum State Amna A. Hamid, Eltayeb O. Adam and Yahya H. Altayeb Remote Sensing Authority - NCR Khartoum- Sudan
More informationA Short term study of Dissolved Oxygen behavior in Adyar River, Chennai
A Short term study of Dissolved Oxygen behavior in Adyar River, Chennai Dr. Lavanya Vaithyanathan 1, Salome Solomon 2, Sunkara Krishna priya 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Assistant professor 1, Department
More informationAnalysis of Drinking Water Parameters of Groundwater Samplesin Jeelugumilli Mandal, AP, India
Analysis of Drinking Water Parameters of Groundwater Samplesin Jeelugumilli Mandal, AP, India 1 S. Sarithadevi, 2 M.S.V. Naga Jyothi, 3 B. Laxmi Lahalya, 4 B. Ranjith Kumar, 5 KSVKS Madhavi Rani, 6 R.
More informationUpper Greenwood Lake School (PWSID#: NJ ) 41 Henry Road, West Milford, NJ Year 2013 Annual Water Quality Report
Upper Greenwood Lake School (PWSID#: NJ1615312) 41 Henry Road, West Milford, NJ 07480 Year 2013 Annual Water Quality Report What s The Quality of Your Water? West Milford Board of Education is proud to
More informationLecture 7 Water Quality Monitoring: Estimation of fecal indicator bacteria
Lecture 7 Water Quality Monitoring: Estimation of fecal indicator bacteria FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA Fecal indicator bacteria, which are directly associated with fecal contamination, are used to detect
More informationUNIT - 2 STREAM QUALITY AND ITS SELF PURIFICATION PROCESS
UNIT - 2 STREAM QUALITY AND ITS SELF PURIFICATION PROCESS The self-purification of natural water systems is a complex process that often involves physical, chemical, and biological processes working simultaneously.
More informationPortland Water District Sebago Lake Watershed Monitoring Programs Crooked River Monitoring (1977 to 2017) Brie Holme
Portland Water District Sebago Lake Watershed Monitoring Programs Crooked River Monitoring (1977 to 2017) Brie Holme Introduction Sebago Lake is the primary drinking water supply for 200,000 people in
More informationHow to Collect Your Water Sample and Interpret the Results for the Livestock Analytical Package
How to Collect Your Water Sample and Interpret the Results for the Livestock Analytical Package Bradley J. Austin, Dirk Philipp, Mike Daniels, and Brian E. Haggard Arkansas Water Resources Center University
More informationDrinking Water Supply and
Drinking Water Supply and Health Engineered Water Systems Water and Health 80% of sickness in the world is caused by inadequate water supply or sanitation 40% of the world population does not have access
More informationDelaware River Basin Commission
Delaware River Basin Commission DRBC Water Quality Monitoring September 12, 2017 John Yagecic, P.E. Manager, Water Quality Assessment Photo by David B. Soete Presentation Topics Key DRBC Monitoring Programs
More informationGrants Pass Water Quality Monitoring
Grants Pass Water Quality Monitoring 2003-2005 Rogue Valley Council of Governments April 2005 Rogue Valley Council of Governments Natural Resources Department 155 North First Street Central Point, Oregon
More informationHe eia Fishpond Water Monitoring Project Due:
He eia Fishpond Water Monitoring Project Due: While on your field trip to He eia Fishpond, you will be using a water monitoring kit. This kit was designed to provide a simple, affordable, non-hazardous
More informationLecture 4 Water Quality Monitoring: Collection of water samples & estimation of physical parameters
Lecture 4 Water Quality Monitoring: Collection of water samples & estimation of physical parameters WATER QUALITY MONITORING It is essential for devising water quality management programme to properly
More informationHow to Collect Your Water Sample and Interpret the Results for the Poultry Analytical Package
How to Collect Your Water Sample and Interpret the Results for the Poultry Analytical Package Bradley J. Austin, Josh B. Payne, Susan E. Watkins, Mike Daniels, and Brian E. Haggard Arkansas Water Resources
More informationSouth Venice Water Quality
SARASOTA COUNTY South Venice Water Quality Summary of Data Collected in Support of the South Venice Civic Association Water Quality Task Force Sarasota County Water Resources 8//24 Introduction The South
More informationVancouver Watershed Health Assessment. Burnt Bridge Creek Watershed
Vancouver Watershed Health Assessment Burnt Bridge Creek Watershed Presentation Overview 1. Introduction 2. Study Context 3. Burnt Bridge Creek Monitoring Program and Trend Analysis 4. Watershed Health
More information