Use of Fly Ash in Black Cotton Soil for Stablization

Transcription

1 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) volume 3 Issue May 26 Use of Fly Ash in Black Cotton Soil for Stablization Prakash somani,rashmi Lata 2*,Rahul Batheja 3,RaghavDadhich,Ravi Kumar Singh and Rakesh Yadav 6 Asst. prof.,poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur 2,3,,,6 Students of civil engg., Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur ABSTRACT Soil stabilization can be defined as the modification of the soil property by chemical or physical means in order to enhance the engineering quality of soil. Black cotton soil expands easily by a large amount in presence of a little water which is not desirable for construction work. Hence in our study we will take the black cotton soil from Kota city, is taken from brick manufacturing plant. During stabilization of black cotton soil is mixed in different proportion in permissible limit. To know physical properties is to be known by tests like Pycnometer Test, Cassagrande Test, Glass Plate Test, Sieve Analysis, and Permeability Test. To know strength of the different proportion sample C.B.R. method, Proctor Test, Core cutter test, Sand replacement test to be performed on soil.the study of previous research shows that the proportion of admixtures at some amount mixed in soil increases its engineering properties. Hence our research is about to find that percentage of proportion mix at which it give the maximum bearing capacity of black cotton soil at an economical condition. Keywords: -Black Cotton Soil, Fly Ash, Hydrated Lime, Bearing Capacity I. INTRODUCTION India has.8 million hectares land area which is covered with Expansive black cotton soil. The Black cotton soils became very hard when dry and lose its strength completely when it became wet. Expansive soils are a worldwide problem that poses several problems for civil Engineers. Various methods are adopted to improve the engineering property of black cotton soil. The problematic soils are either removed and replaced by good and better quality material or treated using admixture. The stabilization of such problematic soils is very important for many of the geotechnical engineering applications such as pavement and road structures, railways, building foundations, channel and reservoir linings, irrigation systems, water lines, and sewer lines to stay away from damage due to settle of soft soil or to the swelling action of expansive soils. Main objective of our research is to stabilize the locally available black cotton soil near Kota city. The stabilization is done for the following reasons. Soil stabilization is widely used in connections with road, pavement and foundation construction. It enhances the engineering possessions of the black cotton soil such as:-. Strength It is directly concerned with the bearing capacity of black cotton soil. 2. Volume stability- It controls the swelling thickness of pavement according to the C.B.R. values are estimated and &shrinkage attributes cause by moisture change. 3. Durability- It enhances the resistance against erosion, weathering or traffic loading. To reduce the overall thickness of road &pavement along with cost due to material deduction. According to the selected site the traffic type is guessed as A. The compared to the economic impact of soil stabilization by using. II. LITRATURE REVIEW A lot of researches have toiled in evolving different methods of soil stabilization, which are practical and economical. Amarjit Singh (967) announced the use of fly ash and lime for stabilizing soils inroad construction. Amos and Wright (972) have studied the consequence of mixing with black cotton soils. In the recent past, many researchers have carried out exploratory and field studies for the stabilization of expansive soils using. Yudhbir and Honjo (99) said that the pozzolanic es can be superior made use of to improve the geo-technical properties of black cotton soils. Alteration of black cotton soils by chemical admixtures are commonly adopted method for stabilizing the swelling-shrinkage tendency of expansive soils (Bell, 993). Sivapullaiah et.al. (996) reported that the addition of fly ash diminished the liquid limit of black cotton soils and deliberate the effect of on the index possessions of these soils from Karnataka, India. Bhoominadhanand Hari (999) proposed the use of in construction works like brick manufacturing and soil stabilization. Cokcab(2) studied the effect of on effusive soils and he concluded that can be endorseas a productive stabilizing agent for the improvement of unreserved soils. Pandian et.al. (22) studied the effect ISSN: Page 9

2 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) volume 3 Issue May 26 AUTHOR YEAR SUBJET RESULT Sivapullaiah et al. 996 Effect of on the index properties of black cotton soils. The influence of is related to particle size distribution, free lime content and pozzolanic reactivity of it. The effect of the coarseness of particles is to decrease the activity and plasticity index of the soil. Mirsa 998 Stabilization Of Clay Using Class C Use of Class C in soil stabilization was dependent on the ash contents, water content, compaction delay, strength development with time and curing methodology and the type of clay mineral. Also, the stabilization characteristics are related to the soil mineral type and plasticity. III. MATERIAL AND METHODOLGY Table :Standard Properties of Fly Ash Black cotton soils are inorganic clay of medium to high compressibility and form a major soil portion in India. They are also explained by high shrinkage in swelling property. This black cotton soils occur mostly in the central and western parts and cover approximately 2% of the total area of India. Because of its high swelling and shrinkage characterized, the black cotton soil has been a challenge to the highway engineers. Table :Standard Properties of Black Cotton Soil Properties colour Range Black Sp. Gravity 2.6 Liquid limit (%) -6 Plastic limit (%) -2 Shrinkage limit (%) 8- O.M.C (%) 2-3 M.D.D(%).-.6 Swell index (%) -6 Properties Colour Range Grey sp. gravity.9-2. plasticity Non-plastic O.M.C (%) M.D.D(gm/cc).9-.6 IV. TEST AND RESULTS TEST PROGRAMME Various perceive has been appropriate to observed geotechnical properties of black soil like i) Specific Gravity ii) Atterberg limit iii) Permeability iv)standard Proctor test v) C.B.R. The knowledge of specific gravity is essential in reckoning of soil properties like-void ratio, degree of saturation and also weight-volume relationship. Specific gravity is defined as the allocation of unit weight or density of soil solids only to unit weight or density of water. ISSN: Page 9

3 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) volume 3 Issue May 26 Atterberg limits are combination of Liquid limit, Plastic limit & Shrinkage limit. We performed these test to find the value of Plasticity Index which helps in determine the value of Flow Index which directly helps in finding the value of Direct Shear value of black cotton soil. C.B.R. test is penetration test meant for the thickness of sub grade brawn of roads and pavement. The result obtained by these test are used with the empirical curves to govern the thickness of pavement and its component layers. And find the value of bearing capacity of black cotton soil is the main objective of our project i.e. black cotton soil stabilization. Permeability is fluid mechanics and earth science is commonly symbolized as K. It indirectly tells about how much water can be flow through the soil particles. If the permeability is high then the soil cannot be used in construction work without any modification. Standard proctor test is performed for finding the value of optimum moisture content & maximum dry density. The O.M.C. value indicates that at this water content value C.B.R. test can be done in correct way. SPT is an in-situ dynamic type of penetration test which is designed to provide facts on the geotechnical engineering property of soil. In today s world various methods are available to stabilize black cotton soil. But here we are using the method of stabilization of black cotton soil by addition of cheap admixture like. So, as part of project in soil stabilization is used in varying percent as 3%,6%,9% &2% and effect of on water content density relationship & CBR value will be observed. RESULT Here we secured the efficiency of CBR, Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Specific Gravity & Maximum Dry Density at different Fly Ash Content. We have also display these result on table showing the variation of parameters with different percentage of. S.NO Particular Sp. gravity B.c soil+% Plasticli mit (%) Liquidlim it (%) Plasticity index (%) O.M.C. (%) M.D.D. (N/m3) N/mm2) C.B.R.@ mm(n/mm 2) 2 B. c soil+3% 3 B. c soil+6% B. c soil+9% B. c soil+2% ISSN: Page 92

4 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) volume 3 Issue May 26 CHART :- Specific gravity curve of soil with CHART :- O.M.C. curve for soil with Specific gravity 2 2 O.M.C.(%) 2.6 CHART 2:- Plastic limit curve for soil with CHART 6:- M.D.D. curve for soil with Plastic 2 limit M.D.D. (%).6..2 CHART 3:- liquid limit curve for soil with CHART 7:- C.B.R@2.mm. Curve for soil with liquid limit(%) C.B.R@2.mm.. CHART :- plasticity index curve for soil with CHART 8:- C.B.R@mm. Curve for soil with plasticity index(%) 3 C.B.R.@mm 2 2 ISSN: Page 93

5 CONCLUSION SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) volume 3 Issue May 26 Now it can be concluded that the improved C.B.R. value is due to addition of Fly Ash as admixture to the black cotton soil. Hydraulic conductivity of black cotton soil is also reduced by this method. If black cotton soil is used in road construction then there will be no need of drainage layer after treatment of black cotton soil as sub grade with. Based on the data obtained from above research following conclusions have been made. The borrowed black cotton soil has bearing capacity of kg/mm2 after calculation. The stabilized black cotton soil with 6 percentage of Fly Ash acquires bearing capacity of 3kg/mm2. It is also concluded that the admixture is beneficial for lower plasticity and higher silt content soils. In term of material cost, the use of less costly can reduce the required amount of. REFERENCES. Chen, F. H. (988), Foundations on expansive soils, Chen & Associates, Elsevier Publications,U.S.A. 2. ErdalCokca (2) Use Of Class C Fly Ashes for the Stabilization of an Expansive Soil Journal of G3 3. Pandian,N.S.,Krishna,K.C.&Leelavathamma B., (22), Effect of Fly Ash on the CBR Behavior of Soils, Indian Geotechnical Conference, Allahabad, Vol.,pp Phanikumar B.R., &RadheyS.Sharma(2) Effect of on Engineering properties of Expansive Soil Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering Vol. 3, no 7,July, pp Prashanth J.P., (998)"Evaluation of the Properties of Fly Ash for its Use in Geotechnical Applications ".PhD Thesis, IISC. Bangalore. 6. Raymond N.Yong and BennoP.Warkentin (97)" Soil Properties and Behavior Elsevier Publications, U.S.A.eotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering Vol. 27, July, pp ) O. C. McDowell, Stabilization with lime, lime-, and other lime reactive materials, High Ress Board, Vol 23, pp. 6-6, A. Kezdi, Stabilized Earth Roads. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 979. ISSN: Page 9