NUCLEAR FISSION. In 1938, Lisa Meitner, Otto Hahn, and her nephew Otto Frisch discovered

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1 Erin Balduff February 20, 2006 IDS 102 NUCLEAR FISSION What is nuclear fission? In 1938, Lisa Meitner, Otto Hahn, and her nephew Otto Frisch discovered nuclear fission (9). Nuclear fission is when uranium atoms are split apart in a controlled chain reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy. This chain reaction gives off heat energy (2). This heat energy is used to boil water in the core of the reactor (1). Nuclear fission is known to produce electricity, heat, produce steam, and drive a steam turbine (4). How do we use this energy source? Currently nuclear energy overall provides one fifth of the United States electricity supply (4). Nuclear power plant produces electricity similar to conventional (fossil fuel) power plant does. Heat is used to raise the temperature of water, thus causing it to boil. The high temperature and intense pressure steam that results from the boiling of the water turns a turbine, which then generates electricity. It is used to power most military submarines and aircraft carriers (6). More notably nuclear fission reactions began through development of atomic weapons in the United States (7). The expansion of nuclear fission however has been postponed due to many controversies regarding its safeness.

2 How much of this source to we use? Overall, the use of nuclear fission is very minimal in comparison to other major sources of electricity such as oil, coal, and natural gas. This is partly due to the controversy surrounding fission. Interestingly, since 1973 nuclear power has been able to offset the current demand of electricity sources, particularly oil and coal (7). There are 103 nuclear generators currently operating in the United States and over 30 countries around the world use nuclear power stations as a practical energy source. Approximately 17% of the world s electricity comes from nuclear energy (3). What are the obstacles for using more nuclear fission in the future? Many obstacles pose a barrier for the advancement of nuclear fission. The threat of radioactive waste destroying our environment, nuclear plants emitting radiation causing cancer, atomic bomb producing, and massive nuclear explosions are one of the many concerns people have. Resulting in the postponement for nuclear fission to be used as a main energy source today. How long will nuclear be available? Since nuclear fission uses natural uranium it is likely to last hundreds of years (5). A very small amount of uranium can give you a large amount of energy. (8) Uranium is a metal. It can found everywhere in the earth's surface, particularly in the ocean. It's concentrated like all the metals, and has deposits all over the

3 earth. It has similar properties to lead. It contains a mild amount of radioactivity. (8) By using the breeders reactors research has shown to have plenty of energy for billions of years. Breeder reactors is the process which the fuel rods are replaced (every 18 to 24 months) and the spent fuel rods (tails) are put into temporary stored on reactor sites. Resulting is a more fissionable material than there was in the fuel rods originally. What are the drawbacks of nuclear fission? The major drawback/disadvantage of nuclear fission is that it makes a variable amount of radioactive waste. Fission products are highly radioactive at first and needs to be kept away from people (6). This radioactive waste can pose a problem for irradiating and storage. Another concern is the possibility of a reactor meltdown. This is likely to happen when the rods contain so much radioactive waste to generate a lot of heat that it melts the rod itself. In conclusion, since major sources of energy such as coal, oil, and natural gas will not be able supply an infinite amount of energy and is slowing running out, nuclear energy could provide a more dominate energy source to the world. Nuclear energy is abundant, and can be found throughout the earth. Despite it s drawbacks and concerns, I think it is possible for nuclear fission to overcome these obstacles, and will eventually become a major source of energy to the world. Especially with the United State fighting the war on

4 terrorism, it is my opinion that nuclear fission will dominate oil in the years to come. WORKS CITIED 1. Fission and Energy. Homepage February > 2. H. Kyle. Nuclear energy. Homepage February > 3. Loven, Jennifer. Bush, Officials Tout Energy Initiatives Washington Post February > 4. Nuclear Fission. Fact Monster February > 5. Nuclear Power VS. Other Sources of Power Homepage. 3 February > 6. McCarthy, John. Frequently Asked Questions about Nuclear Energy. Homepage. Oct February >

5 7. Model shows safer nuclear fuel. 52 Vol. Durham. Nov Till, Charles Dr. Nuclear Reaction PBS February > February >

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