MoRE Results and Modifications

Transcription

1 MoRE Results and Modifications Stephan Fuchs, Stephan Hilgert, Tatyana Rogozina, Ramona Wander Simon Höllering, Jürgen Ihringer und Ulrike Scherer INSTITUTE FOR WATER AND RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING KIT University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

2 Heavy Metal Inputs in Germany 2005 Heavy Point Diffuse Total Share of Share of metal [t/a] [t/a] [t/a] Point Diffuse Cd % 55% Cr % 83% Cu % 71% Hg % 59% Ni % 82% Pb % 84% Zn % 66% 2

3 Heavy Metal Input Relevance of Pathways 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn t/a ,755 Industrial direct discharges Municipal WWTP Mining activities Sewer systems Erosion Surface runoff Tile drainage Groundwater Atmospheric deposition 3

4 Heavy Metal Input Regional Hotspots Zinc Lead 4

5 Improvements of MoRE Integration of a new approach for the water balance based on Hydrological Response Units and daily values for precipitation, temperature and humidity Integration of new input data for the quantification of soil loss and sediment delivery ratio based on improved land use data and detailed assessment of steering factors Integration of regionalized top soil concentrations for heavy metals based on geological background plus accumulation via atmospheric deposition and fertilization Development of new input data for impervious areas based on Corine Land Cover 2006 and map on degree of soil sealing Development of differentiated specific surface loads for urban areas based on updated survey data on pollution of storm water and CSO and intensity of urbanization 5

6 Hydrological Model Testing Area Basin-Area ~ 4500 km² 24 Analytical Units Average AU-Area ~180 km 2 Altitude m 18 Hydrological Response Units (HRUs) per AU 3 Urban HRUs (Sealing 15-60%) 15 Rural HRUs 6

7 Hydrological Model Input Data Precipitation in mm, rel. Humidity in % Temperature in C Precipitation Rel. Humidity Temperature 7

8 Hydrological Model Data Processing Atmosphere Evapotranspiration Canopy-Interception Snow Cover Upper Soil Zone Lower Soil Zone Surface Runoff Interflow-Reservoir Interflow Groundwater-Reservoir Groundwater Flow 8

9 Hydrological Model Output Data Surface Runoff Interflow Groundwater Flow Q in m³/s

10 Hydrological Model Data Validation Comparison: Gauging-Simulation Matches in Dynamics and Sums Difference in Water Balances 9 % Water Export and Lake Evaporation 10

11 Erosion Soil Loss New Data Base Previous Data Base New soil loss rates on a 50 m grid after (UBA 16/2011) Total soil loss reduced by 30% Pattern of soil loss rates has changed Mean soil loss [t/(ha a)] 11

12 Erosion Conservation Tillage Percentage of conservation tillage (survey at environmental and agricultural authorities of the Federal States): mean 29 % Additional decrease of total soil loss from agricultural areas due to conservation tillage 100 % 79 % 61 % Share of conservation tillage 12

13 Erosion Heavy Metal Concentration in Top Soil Spatial variation: regionalization of background values by means of geological bedrock Temporal variation: in- and output balance for arable soils today Input deposition fertilizer Cr content of top soil [mg/kg] Output Balance runoff seepage harvesting 13

14 Erosion Sediment Input R²=0.90 Agricultural areas and testing watersheds Prediction of sediment delivery ratios based on: mean slope of the river basin share of arable land located in a 250 m buffer surrounding the water bodies proportion of geomorphologic sinks 14

15 Sewer Systems Size of Impervious Area CLC (land use) 2006 Map of impervious urban areas FTSP (degree of sealing) 2006 Area previous data: Area new data: km² km² 15

16 Sewer Systems Specific Surface Loads Development of differentiated specific surface loads: population density (> 1500 inh/km 2 ) more than inhabitants traffic volume > v/d ~ 175 values for each metal Identification of agglomeration areas and large cities: e.g. Ruhr Area Berlin Frankfurt Hamburg Munich 16

17 Sewer Systems Application of New Input Data Share of Pathways 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% variant 1 variant 2 variant 3 Industrial direct discharges Municipal WWTP Historic mining activities Sewer systems Erosion Surface runoff Drainage Groundwater Atmospheric deposition Zinc t/a t/a t/a after Fuchs et al new impervious areas new impervious areas + spec. surface loads 17

18 Sewer Systems Change in Specific Loads for the Analytical Units 50 % of the area remain unaltered 28 % of AU show higher specific loads 22 % of AU minor specific loads 18

19 Sewer Systems Comparison of Different Approaches

20 Sewer Systems Cross Check with Source Orientated Approach Data (Zn) Variant 1 Variant 3 MoRE result Inhab. specific EF Area specific EF 20

21 Conclusions Erosion and urban areas are the most important pathways for pollutants predominately transported with particulate matter Most processes are driven by the hydrology and we are facing significant changes in temperature and precipitation Major model revisions are tested for hydrology, erosion and sewer systems The MoRE implementation provides a flexible tool to check several model modifications and to include new substances The results for the urban areas show slightly higher emission from sewer system The regional distribution of the emission show a better reflection of the anthropogenic activities within river basins Allocation of investment or implementation of measures can be done more accurate 21