Modeling Borehole Heat Exchanger Systems

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1 2nd International FEFLOW User Conference Modeling Borehole Heat Exchanger Systems H.-J.G. DIERSCH 1), D. BAUER 2), W. RÜHAAK 1), W. HEIDEMANN 2) & P. SCHÄTZL 1) 1) Groundwater Modelling Centre (GMC) 2) Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering (ITW), University of Stuttgart

2 Content 1. Introduction 2. Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) 3. Numerical Solution 4. Analytical Solution 5. Implementation 6. Applications 7. Conclusions 2

3 Borehole Heat Exchanger déçíüéêã~ä=üé~í Éñíê~Åíáçå `äçëéç ÅáêÅìáí ëóëíéãë råçéêöêçìåç=üé~í ëíçê~öé 3

4 Motivation SuN (Crailsheim) Buffer Pufferspeicher storage 2 x 100 m³ Heizzentrale Heat station Solar Kollektoren collectors 5670 m² ca. 300 apartments, Wohneinheiten, Schule, school building, Ladenzentrum, shopping... center, 2nd 2.Ausbau stage 1st 1.Ausbau stage Local Nahwärmenetz heat network 3 -conductors Leiter-Netz Borehole Erdsonden-Wärmespeicher thermal energy store: BHE array m³ 4

5 Motivation Seasonal Heat Storage Thermal Wärmemenge power [MWh/a] Solarization solare Einstrahlung (relative) (relativ) Solarenergie energy zusätzliche Additional energy Energie Thermal Wärmemenge power [MWh/a] 0 Jan Feb Mär Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Jahr 0 5

6 Crailsheim: Heat Balance of Borehole Thermal Energy Store Thermal Wärmemenge energy [MWh] Beladung Loading Entladung Unloading Thermal Wärmeverluste loss Temperature Monat Month des of Jahres year Temperature [ C] 6

7 Motivation Influence of groundwater flow on borehole thermal energy store Depth Tiefe Depth Tiefe with mit Grundwasser groundwater without ohne Grundwasser groundwater Isothermendarstellun Isotherms g Isothermendarstellu Isotherms ng 7

8 Types of BHE 2U pipe 1U pipe CXA (CXC) pipe 8

9 BHE Modeling Approaches Fully discretized vs. 1D-line element (BHE) approaches séêó ÖÉåÉê~äI=Äìí dêé~í=éññçêí áå=ãççéä ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí ~åç= Åçãéìí~íáçå EÉñíêÉãäó ÑáåÉ=ãÉëÜÉëI=ëíáÑÑ ëóëíéãëi=éñíéåëáîé=íáãé=ã~êåüáåöf mê~åíáå~ääó áå~ééêçéêá~íé Ñçê _eb=~êê~óëk mçïéêñìä=~ééêç~åü íç=ãççéä ÉñíêÉãÉ= ëäéåçéêåéëë çñ=_eb=ëóëíéãë ^ääçïë ëáöåáñáå~åíäó Åç~êëÉê ãéëüéë bññéåíáîé ëçäìíáçå ãéíüçç Ñçê ÄçíÜ ëáåöäé _eb=~åç=_eb=~êê~óëk 9

10 BHE Solution Strategies Numerical: based on Al-Khoury et al. (2005, 2006) with significant extensions (generalized formulations for 2U, 1U, CXA and CXC type BHE, multiple grout points, improved relationships for thermal resistances, essentially non-iterative coupling method) Analytical: based on Eskilson & Claesson (1988) with significant extensions (generalized formulations for 2U, 1U, CXA and CXC type BHE, improved relationships for thermal resistances, effective coupling to 3D FE-discretizations of porous matrices) Restrictions: local steady-state conditions, appropriate for longterm predictions (robust and fast procedure) 10

11 BHE Setting in FEFLOW 11

12 BHE Output in FEFLOW (1) Vertical temperature profiles for fluid (inlet, outlet) and grout zones (2) History of outlet temperature (3) BHE selector (4) Iteration behavior and control 12

13 BHE Array Schematization 13

14 BHE Model Equations 14

15 Static Condensation 15

16 Analytical Solution 16

17 BHE vs. Fully Discretized Solutions 17

18 Benchmarking 18

19 TRNSYS (TRaNsient SYstems Simulation) TRNSYS is a tool designed to simulate the transient performance of thermal energy systems Commercially available since 1975 It was initially developed by the University of Wisconsin Within a joint project between ITW University Stuttgart and DHI-WASY GmbH an IFM extension for FEFLOW is under development Qt-based and platform-independent (Windows + Linux) interface A new TRNSYS Type (331) is introduced Module is coupled with FEFLOW via the RPC protocol 19

20 TRNSYS Coupling 20

21 TRNSYS Coupling Seasonal solar thermal energy storage (at summer) and re-extraction (at winter) of BHE array consisting of 80 2U-pipe system (Crailsheim, Germany) controlled via FEFLOW-TRNSYS IFM interface (IfmTRNSYS) 21

22 Simulation of Crailsheim Site 3 m Verbindungsstelle Ø 30 m Anbindung Heizzentrale r z Sonde innerer Kreis Sonde äußerer Kreis 22

23 Simulation of Crailsheim Site aquifer 1 aquifer 2 23

24 Loading: ½ yr without groundwater with groundwater 24

25 Unloading: 1 yr without groundwater with groundwater 25

26 Loading: 1½ yrs without groundwater with groundwater 26

27 Unloading: 2 yrs without groundwater with groundwater 27

28 Loading: 2½ yrs without groundwater with groundwater 28

29 Unloading: 3 yrs without groundwater with groundwater 29

30 Loading: 3½ yrs without groundwater with groundwater 30

31 Unloading: 4 yrs without groundwater with groundwater 31

32 Loading: 4½ yrs without groundwater with groundwater 32

33 Unloading: 5 yrs without groundwater with groundwater 33

34 Conclusions BHE tools (analytical, numerical) available in FEFLOW (-> 5.4, 6.0). Analytical method for long-term predictions. Appropriate for analysis of single BHE and BHE arrays. Improved modeling for complex borehole energy store systems (e.g., SuN) to analyze influences of groundwater flow. Computation of arbitrary heating/cooling systems via FEFLOW-TRNSYS coupling. 34

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