PRA Tools for Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis. PRA Tools for Hazard Analysis. Hazard Mapping Transect Walk Historical Profile Seasonal Calendar

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2 PRA Tools for Hazard Analysis Hazard Mapping Transect Walk Historical Profile Seasonal Calendar PRA Tools for Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Transect Walk Venn Diagram Stakeholder Analysis Daily Schedule Vulnerability/Impact Understanding Power/Power Map Coping Mechanisms/Capacities Early Warning Signs 2 3

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4 Hazard Element Hazard * Location History and future Frequency Intensity Duration Forewarning Speed of onset Secondary Hazard Information / Questions Name and briefly describe the hazard(s) affecting or threatening the community. Where are the specific locations in the community that the hazards affect or threaten? Identify the years in which the hazard affected the community, and its impacts (number of deaths, number of affected families) What is the likelihood of the hazard event? How often does it occur? What was the magnitude, scale of the hazard? (e.g. Richter scale, MMI scale, Beaufort scale or wind speed, flood depth) Length of time of occurrence What is the time gap between warning and impact? What are the warning signs and signals for each hazard affecting the community? Find out the rapidity of hazard arrival and impact. Indicate the length of time between warning and arrival of hazard. What secondary impacts of the hazard have the community experienced? Adopted and modified from ADPC (2006) and Tearfund (2004) Answers (based on PRA activities) ** Flood Liku 2003, 2006, 2009 Lekatu 2002, 2003 Kintabaru 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005 Mangu 2005 (No impacts indicated here) Floods occur annually Not identified by community Not identified by community Community starts observing the duration of heavy rain to anticipate possible flooding Lekatu flood occurs after 3 hours of heavy rain North Palu flood occurs after 3 continuous days of heavy rain Lekatu flood occurs after 3 hours of heavy rain North Palu flood occurs after 3 continuous days of heavy rain Diseases after long duration of inundation, e.g. gastro-enteritis, upper respiratory tract, skin 5. Recommendations (Actions needed to decrease vulnerabilities and increase capacities) ** 1. Category 2. Information / Questions 3. Vulnerability Situation * capacities 4. Existing to reduce vulnerability * Hazard : Flood For community For organization Move the plantation to a higher place that will not be inundated by flood The crop fields/plantations are located in flood prone areas Additional example 30% of incomes derived from lands subject to flood Sources of income/livelihoods Average household income Expenditure: items and cost Savings Loans Properties/economic assets (for farm land, include hectares of cultivated area and produce) Existing natural assets, such as forest, rivers, soil, water, etc. Financial Capital Local wisdom/ practice to prevent illegal logging, e.g. forbid trespassing in particular areas in the forest There is illegal logging No drainage Lack of water and sanitation Additional examples Extraction of sand and rock from river causing erosion and dirty water 85% of families rely on clean water drawn from river 1/3 of local economy is dependent on fisheries based on the coral reef Forest susceptible to fire in very dry season Steep slopes with soils susceptible to landslide Soft sandy coastline with signs of shoreline erosion and retreat Natural Capital 6 7

5 1. Category 2. Information / Questions 3. Vulnerability Situation * capacities 4. Existing to reduce vulnerability * 5. Recommendations (Actions needed to decrease vulnerabilities and increase capacities) ** Hazard : Flood For community For organization Physical Capital Human Capital Infrastructure (indicate number) : Houses in hazardprone area, including types such as: roads schools hospitals electricity network dam temporary shelter Tools & equipment that people use for productive purposes People s Physical health Knowledge Skills Settlement in flood-prone area Infrastructures and housing are not resistant to flood Additional examples Sections of road and sub-village subject to landslide Hospital located close to current flood zone Primary provincial road and power lines within 50m of sandy coastline Lack of knowledge regarding floods, including how to cope Mindset that disaster is government s responsibility Lack of knowledge on disaster risk reduction, i.e. prevention and mitigation Additional examples Local information on climate-related disaster risk not available Mosquito-borne diseases Safeguard valuable things in a higher place in the house Increase community awareness by disseminating information on disaster management and that disaster management is everyone s responsibility 1. Category 2. Information / Questions 3. Vulnerability Situation * capacities 4. Existing to reduce vulnerability * 5. Recommendations (Actions needed to decrease vulnerabilities and increase capacities) ** Hazard : Flood For community For organization Social Capital Relationships and networks within the community as well as with people outside the community. These include: Relationships Committees Networks Cultural practices Values Leadership Additional examples Disaster attributed to God s will by many, with no recourse Disaster management committee not functioning optimal due to budget constraints Offices of Public Works and Disaster Management located far apart and do not meet regularly Existing active organization is trained on disaster preparedness Source: modified from the Sustainable Livelihood Framework 8 9

6 1. Results of Hazard Analysis What single or multiple hazards is the community faced with? Which are most significant? Referring to occurrence, frequency/return period, intensity and duration as well as exposure of affected families, how do these hazards compare? Is there evidence of changing trends in the hazards, or are new hazards emerging? Conclusions from According to the community, floods occur annually; the worst occurred in 2003, 2006, and The flood affected areas usually include: Liku (2003, 2006, 2009), Lekatu ( ), Kintabaru ( , 2001, 2003, 2005), and Mangu (2008). As the annual flood regularly occurs, it becomes part of the people s normal life and they start to see the pattern. The community could not identify the severity of the floods in the focus area, but they consider heavy rains as forewarning for the flood to occur. Flooding will occur in Lekatu when there is 3-hour duration of heavy rain and in North Palu when it heavily rains for 3 consecutive days. 2. Results of Vulnerability Analysis 3. Results of Capacity Analysis What are the top five vulnerabilities of the community? Explain the vulnerabilities in relation to the identified hazards affecting the community, and how these make the community susceptible to those hazards. What are the top five capacities available in the community? Explain their relationships and how they increase the resilience of the community. Identify the top five weaknesses and discuss them as part of another paragraph under vulnerabilities. Answers * Conclusions from The settlements and the plantations/ crop fields, which are the main livelihoods of the community in North Palu, are located in the flood prone area. Infrastructures and houses are vulnerable to flood as there is no appropriate drainage and sanitation. The area also lacks water resources. The flood disaster situation is worsened by illegal logging. The people lack knowledge and coping mechanisms with respect to floods. The people think that it is solely the government s responsibility to deal with floods. 4. Recommendations: DRR - mitigate, prepare for, and respond to disaster impacts; CCA Given the Hazard Vulnerability Capacity Assessments, identify the most pressing assistance needed to reduce the vulnerabilities and increase the capacities of the community

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8 1. Tool 2. Results of Hazard Analysis Tool 1 (See Worksheet 4) Tool 2 (See Worksheet 7) 3 Synthesis Statements 3. Results of Vulnerability Analysis 4. Results of Capacity Analysis 5. Recommendations: DRR - mitigate, prepare for, and respond to disaster impacts; ** CCA (You can add your ideas here to summarize/clarify objectives, goals, outcomes, outputs/activities; color code your own ideas for clarity) 14 15

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