Current state and perspective of bioethanol production in Vojvodina

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1 December 9 th, 2014, Novi Sad Current state and perspective of bioethanol production in Vojvodina Prof. Zoltan Zavargo zzavargo@uns.ac.rs

2 In the last years due to rising fossil fuel prices biofuels have become a realistic. alternative in the energy market, whose production is expected to rise substantially in the near future.

3 Bioethanol is one of the best alternatives since it is both renewable and environmentally friendly, which has led to a significant increase in its production capacity worldwide.

4 Ethanol applications Food; Pharmaceutical; Chemical and Other industries.

5 Worldwide ethanol production: 73% for fuel, 17% for alcoholic beverages and 10% for industrial applications. In Serbia bioethanol as fuel is still not produced, mostly it is used for the production of alcoholic beverages and in food and pharmaceutical industry.

6 Production as fuel requires cheaper production in order to be commercially competitive with the price of oil. It is very important to select the right raw material, since its price can be 40-70% of total production costs.

7 Renewable resources for bioethanol production are: sugar, starch and lignocellulose raw materials. *inter- and by-products of sugar beet processing *plant cultures planted on currently non cultivated soils Raw materials for bioethanol production molasses - 50% cereals - 50%

8 Current state Production capacity is 40 million liters spread over 10 plants, mostly located in Vojvodina. Production scale is lower than at the end of the 20th century and not sufficient to fulfill the country s ethanol needs. Plant Raw material Annual capacity (t) Crvenka new plant molasses Crvenka old plant molasses +cereals Kadaks Crvenka cereals+molasses 445 Kovin molasses Lukas Bajmok cereals+molasses 250 Srbobran cereals+molasses 830 Total

9 Current state Currently production reaches 70% of its projected capacity. The necessary amount is almost 6 times larger than current production. To reduce this misbalance, further investments into revitalizing current and building new production capacities are necessary.

10 Future perspective Estimation of Vojvodina s potential: existing production, production from agricultural by products and production from crops on marginal lands. New investments and reconstructing existing facilities Building new capacities Increasing bioethanol production Increasing production capacities will increase demand for raw materials used in bioethanol production so all steps in this production chain must be coordinated in order to avoid problems like increased food costs.

11 Future perspective Estimation of Vojvodina s potential: existing production, production from agricultural by products and production from crops on marginal lands. New investments and reconstructing existing facilities Building new capacities Increasing bioethanol production Increasing production capacities will increase demand for raw materials used in bioethanol production so all steps in this production chain must be coordinated in order to avoid problems like increased food costs.

12 In 2003 in the EU two directives were adopted in order to promote using biofuels and other alternative fuels for transport: 2003/30/EC 2003/96/EC The main aims of these directives were: To reduce the EUs dependency on external fuel sources, To achieve the goals of the Kyoto protocol and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and To move forward towards achieving the 20% replacement of fossil fuels in transport by the year Based on these directives and the current state in our country, these goals are nearly impossible to achieve.

13 Improving bioethanol production can have multiple benefits such as: gaining a new environmentally friendly type of transport fuel, improving agriculture, substituting the import of fossil fuels, stimulating the development of the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, increasing livestock numbers, meat production and export, possible income of foreign currency through bioethanol export, increased employment etc.

14 Surplus sugar on the world market Increased yield and efficiency of technological production Cheaper production from sugar cane Reduced demand for sugar beet Sugar beet (inter- and by-products) used for bioethanol production Sugar and ethanol co-production enables plants to vary quantities of sugar and ethanol production depending on market conditions

15 Sugar beet production in Serbia Year Harvested area (ha) Production (t) Yield (t/ha) ,399 2,797, ,446 3,324, ,629 2,816, ,776 2,322, ,895 2,976, All currently operational sugar factories are located in Vojvodina Sugar factory Maximum processing capacity of sugar beet (t/a) Average amount of produced sugar (t/a) Donji Srem, Pećinci 700, ,000 Bačka, Vrbas 700, ,000 Jedinstvo, Kovačica 350,000 40,000 Jugozapadna Bačka, Bač 300,000 40,000 Crvenka, Crvenka 600,000 85,000 Šajkaška-Hellenic Sugar Industry, Žabalj 250,000 30,000 TE-TO, Senta 800, ,000

16 Sugar and ethanol co-production would enable the same plant to work at full capacity throughout the year (better utilization of equipment and manpower). Additionally, sugar and ethanol co-production plants have a spatial advantage because raw, thin and thick juice, molasses and sugar beet pulp are all available in the same place.

17 Project TR 31002, Improving of bioethanol production from products of sugar beet processing. Project TR 20009, Bioethanol production from intermediate and by-products of sugar beet processing. Projekat /2007, Analysis of the possibility of bioethanol production in Vojvodina. Project E!5832, Development of technology for efficient and economical production of bio-ethanol fuel at small farms.

18 The subject of this research are products of sugar beet processing and by-products, which are used as raw materials for bioethanol production. The goal of the project is to reduce the cost of bioethanol production from sugar beet so this technology will be commercially available to factories in Serbia, particularly sugar beet factories as is the case in European factories. The aim is to produce pure bioethanol as transport fuel. Using this technologically advanced bioethanol production as fuel has particular significance in applying the concept of green production and efficient use of byproducts from existing sugar factories, as well as protecting the environment with lower emissions of harmful gases by using bioethanol.

19 Aim of the research was to: overview the characteristics of examined raw materials and by-products and their characterization as raw materials for the preparation of fermentation media for bioethanol production define the optimal method for the preparation of sugar beet pulp and its saccharification formulate the media and optimal operational conditions for two-step and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation characterize wastewater from bioethanol production for two-step and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation define the mathematical models which adequately describes bioethanol production, more specifically the kinetics of product formation on certain substrates under certain conditions

20 Modeling and optimization of alcoholic fermentation are extremely significant phases in realizing process activities. They represent the basis for further mathematical modeling of the entire bioethanol production from sugar beet processing products. Wastewater management consist of: characterization of wastewater examination of various physical, chemical and biological methods The aim is to define an optimal solution for fermentation and wastewater management in order to find a solution for technological advancement of bioethanol production as fuel from sugar beet processing products. Wastewater management would move this process to the zero emission concept model.

21 Product separation phase aimed to: define optimal ethanol and by-product separation techniques after two-step and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. define optimal techniques of bioethanol absolutization, examine pervaporation and bioethanol quality as transport fuel mixed with gasoline The final phase of research is the simulation of combined bioethanol and sugar production in existing sugar factories and the idea for creating a technologically advanced bioethanol production as fuel from sugar beet processing products

22 REFERENCES Siniša Dodić, Stevan Popov, Jelena Dodić, Jovana Ranković, Zoltan Zavargo: Potential development of bioethanol production in Vojvodina. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, 2009, Grahovac Jovana, Dodić Jelena, Dodić Siniša, Popov Stevan, Vučurović Damjan, Jokić Aleksandar: Future trends of bioetahnol co-production in Serbian sugr plants. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, , 2012 Vučurović Damjan, Dodić Siniša, Popov Stevan, Dodić Jelena, Grahovac Jovana: Process model and economic analysis of ethanol production from sugar beet raw juice as part of the cleaner production concept. Bioresource Technology 104, , 2012 Siniša Dodić, Stevan Popov, Jelena Dodić, Jovana Ranković, Zoltan Zavargo, Rada Jevtić-Mučibabić: Bioethanol production from thick juice as intermediate of sugar beet processing. Biomass and Bioenergy 33, , 2009 Dodić Jelena, Vučurović Damjan, Dodić Siniša, Grahovac Jovana, Popov Stevan Nedeljković Nataša: Kinetic modelling of batch ethanol production from sugar beet raw juice. Applied Energy 99, , 2012 Siniša Dodić, Stevan Popov, Jelena Dodić, Jovana Ranković, Zoltan Zavargo: Potential contribution of bioethanol fuel to the transport sector in Vojvodina. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, 2009, Siniša Dodić, Stevan Popov, Jelena Dodić, Jovana Ranković, Zoltan Zavargo, Mirjana Golušin: An overview of biomass energy utilization in Vojvodina. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, 2010, Siniša Dodić, Stevan Popov, Jelena Dodić, Jovana Ranković, Zoltan Zavargo: Biomass energy in Vojvodina: Market conditions, environment and food security. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, 2010, Siniša Dodić, Damjan Vučurević, Stevan Popov, Jelena Dodić, Zoltan Zavargo: Concept of cleaner production in Vojvodina. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, doi: /j.rser

23 Thank You! Prof. Zoltan Zavargo