City of Grenora, ND Municipal Infrastructure Needs Assessment August 2012

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1 City of Grenora, ND Municipal Infrastructure Needs Assessment August 2012 Project made possible by US Dept. of HUD Regional Substantiality Planning Grant and ND Energy Development Infrastructure and Impact Grant Fund programs

2 Summary of Needs Assessment The City of Grenora (City), located in Williams County, North Dakota, is experiencing a population increase due to energy development activities, with current proposed developments expected to increase the City s population from an estimated 350 people to 850 people by This infrastructure needs assessment is intended as a high-level analysis and concept planning effort focused on key short-term infrastructure needs necessary to accommodate the anticipated growth and development. Table 1 summarizes the recommended infrastructure improvements, and opinions of cost included within this report. DESCRIPTION TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS AND COST OPINIONS COST OPINION Water Supply and Storage System Improvements $ 4,494,000 Wastewater System Improvements $ 6,161,000 Street System Improvements $ 6,928,000 TOTAL OPINION OF COST $ 17,583,000 Introduction The Vision West ND initiative was commenced in February 2012 to provide planning and technical assistance to a rapidly expanding 19-county area in western North Dakota. The primary goals of the Vision West ND project are to assist communities and counties in the western region of North Dakota in addressing near-term needs to meet growth management challenges, and establish a diversified economy in the future through the development of local and regional strategic plans. Rapid population growth is exerting significant pressure on existing municipal water, sewer, and street systems and, in some cases, infrastructure expansion is necessary to support current and anticipated growth. Participating communities will receive a high-level infrastructure assessment to identify needs, prioritize infrastructure improvements, and opinions of probable costs by a professional engineering team. Building Communities, Inc. is the lead strategic planner engaged in the Vision West ND initiative and has subcontracted with Advanced Engineering & Environmental Services (AE2S) to provide technical expertise regarding municipal infrastructure. This report includes brief infrastructure inventory, needs assessment, and opinions of probable costs for infrastructure improvements for the City of Grenora, North Dakota. The information used to prepare this assessment for the City was compiled by AE2S during an interview with City officials on July 18, City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 2

3 COMMUNITY OVERVIEW The City of Grenora (City) is located in the northwest corner of Williams County, one of the heaviest impacted areas in the Bakken oil boom. The City is located 45 miles northwest of the City of Williston, the primary economic hub in the Bakken Formation oil development. It was recently reported by the Grand Forks Herald that more than half of the City of Williston's residents now work in oil-related jobs, the City's unemployment rate is less than 1 percent and there are more than 3,000 unfilled jobs. In 2010, the Census recorded the City s population 242 people. Presently, there are 140 utility accounts with 129 residential accounts and 11 commercial accounts. City officials estimate 40 utility accounts are associated with oil industry employees with this number increasing daily. The City has a 20-unit RV Park that is full and not accepting any additional names for the waiting list. The RV Park is not charged for water or metered as it is City owned. The current population is estimated at 350 people. Grenora City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 3

4 CURRENT AND PLANNED DEVELOPMENT Presently, there are known future development plans for additional housing units as indicated below. According to City officials, known development plans include the following: 12 acres of residential single family development on the north end of town, immediately west of the school 7 to 14 acres of single family residential west of Hickman Street and north of 3 rd Avenue Conversion of the existing city-owned RV park to single family residential development 12 acres of privately owned 80-unit RV park on the east edge of town north of 3 rd Avenue The current average occupancy rate within the City is 2.5 people per housing unit. The City estimated the projected total service population will increase 240 percent from the present estimated population of 350 to 850 by There are continuous requests for housing in the community; however, there is currently no available housing. The growth pattern has increased as oil development moves into far western North Dakota and eastern Montana as well as the City s close proximity to the City of Williston. POTABLE WATER SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Water System Demands Based on the reported development information, and utilizing a future population estimate of 850, the average day domestic water demand is calculated as 100 gallons per day (gpd) per capita resulting in an estimated water demand of 85,000 gpd. The 100 gallons per capita per day estimate is used by Ten- State Standards (the State of North Dakota adopted standards for public water works and wastewater facilities) to predict domestic water usage in communities where no historical water meter records exist. The maximum day demand is estimated by applying a peaking factor to the average day demand. The peaking factor for small communities is estimated at 2.5. The corresponding estimated maximum day water usage is 212,500 gallons per day. Fire flows are commonly defined by the local Fire Protection Authority Having Jurisdiction or FPAHJ. When there are no local written standards, Annex H of the Uniform Fire Code indicates residential areas should have access to a 1,000 gallons per minute (gpm) flow for one hour, or 60,000 gallons of fire protection. The City is a predominately residential community with 11 commercial water accounts. Like many rural communities, the City has small diameter distribution lines that can only adequately provide 1,000 gpm fire demand. For the purpose of this assessment, a flow of 1,000 gpm with two hour duration (120,000 gallons) is assumed as the fire flow requirement for the City. City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 4

5 Water Supply and Treatment Description The City utilizes groundwater from two wells as its water supply. Well No. 1 is the main source of water, with a depth of 45-feet and two pumps at the well. Well No. 2 is only used as needed with one pump at the well. The three pumps used by the City are a 15 horsepower (HP) submersible pump with a capacity of 110 gpm, another 15 HP submersible pump with a capacity of 105 gpm, and a 10 HP pump with a capacity of 90 gpm. Ten-State Standards require a water system to be able to meet maximum day demand with its largest well out of production. The maximum day demand is estimated at 212,500 gpd or 147 gpm. Water production from the 10 HP pump and the 15 HP pump can provide 195 gpd which is enough to provide the City with firm capacity for a population of 850. Water Treatment Description The only treatment to the water before distribution is disinfection, however City officials noted it is extremely hard water. Hardness is a secondary drinking water standard which is non-enforceable because it does not pose a health risk, however hardness is a water quality characteristic that can be a nuisance. Hardness is caused by dissolved minerals that can buildup on plumbing fixtures and interfere with soap and detergent performance. The City can safely provide water to citizens without eliminating hardness; however, if water quality or compliance with regulations becomes an issue in the future, the City should consider connecting to a rural water system such as the Western Area Water Supply Authority (WAWSA). WAWSA has included provisions to provide service to the City as part of the Phase 2 implementation plan. In order to be officially considered for the project, the City will need to notify WAWSA. Water Distribution and Storage Description The original distribution piping was installed in the 1930s and 1940s, and is comprised of cast iron pipe. Cast iron pipe has not been manufactured since the 1980s due to the material s tendency to corrode from surrounding soil, or water conveyed within the pipe. The City has not undertaken any major replacement projects, only repairing a number of water line breaks each year. The existing water tower was constructed in the 1930s and was recently inspected (with deficiencies identified). The storage capacity of the water tower is 50,000 gallons. To feasibly provide fire flow through the distribution piping most pipes to hydrants will need to be at least six inches in diameter, which is the size of the City s water pipes. With anticipated water storage requirements of 120,000 gallons for fire flows and 85,000 gallons needed for domestic use, the total storage required to serve the additional developments is approximately 205,000 gallons. Since water tower sizes are typically rounded up to the nearest nominal tank size, 250,000 gallons would be the City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 5

6 necessary storage volume. Given the age of the existing water tower and the need for reconditioning, the City should consider installing a single 250,000 gallon elevated tower and decommissioning the existing tower. Often water towers built 50 years ago or more do not meet current Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards, and the construction, magnitude of rehabilitation, and common downtown location result in high rehabilitation costs. Because more water storage is necessary now, the best long-term solution for the City is to abandon the existing 50,000 gallon water tower and construct a new 250,000 gallon elevated tower. The City meters individual users except mobile homes and structures without basements. The current water rate is $23 per month for the first 3,500 gallons and $1.75 per 1,000 gallons thereafter. The City carries no long-term debt on the water system infrastructure. Water Supply, Storage, and Distribution Improvement Recommendations While water quality and quantity appear satisfactory, deficiencies identified in the water supply system include distribution pipelines that experience multiple breaks each year and exceed the typical useful service life, and a lack of sufficient water storage to meet future daily water demand. Recommended improvements include replacement of the water distribution system and construction of a 250,000- gallon elevated water tower. The water distribution replacement includes installation of new 6-inch and 8-inch PVC pipe, gate valves, and 6-inch hydrants. The water tower construction project would include demolition of the existing water tower and construction of the new tower, including site work, electrical and instrumentation and controls. An opinion of probable cost for the recommended improvements is presented in Table 2. WASTEWATER SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Existing System Description The City s wastewater system consists of a collection system that conveys wastewater to a 5.7 acre, two-cell facultative treatment lagoon located less than a half mile southwest of the City. The lagoon is permitted to discharge; however, the City has not discharged the ponds since they were constructed. System Loading Based on the known development information, the future design population is estimated at 850 people. The average domestic wastewater flows generated by the City s population in the future are estimated at 99,000 gpd (69 gpm) based on 140 gpcd for the current population on the existing collection system which has higher infiltration and inflow (I/I), and 100 gpcd for new City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 6

7 # DESCRIPTION QTY TOTAL 1 6" PVC Watermain (Class 200 IPS) 400 $ 15, " PVC Watermain (Class 200 IPS) 17,500 $ 805, " Gate valve and box 36 $ 46, " Gate valve and box 59 $ 106, " Fire hydrant 36 $ 151,200 6 Fittings 5,200 $ 26,000 7 Temporary Water Service 1 $ 60,000 8 Connections to water service 300 $ 225, ,000 gallon water tower 1 $ 981, Water tower sitework, electrical, SCADA 1 $ 206, Water tower demolition 1 $ 45, Traffic Control 1 $ 5,000 Subtotal TABLE 2 OPINION OF PROBABLE COST GRENORA WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS WATER DISTRIBUTION AND TOWER $ 2,673,600 Mobilization/Bonding/Insurance 8% $ 213,888 Contingency 20% $ 534,720 Construction Total (2012 dollars) $ 3,422, Construction Cost % $ 3,637,674 Engineering 20% $ 684,442 Legal & Administrative 5% $ 171,110 TOTAL 2 $ 4,494,000 1 The ENR 20 year average Construction Cost Index is +3.1% (as of November 2009), so capital costs are projected to an anticipated 2 Value rounded up to nearest thousand wastewater expansions to serve the additional 500 residents. The future peak hour factor is assumed at 5.0, which is typical for small communities in this region. The peak flow is estimated to be 344 gpm. Wastewater Collection System Existing Conditions and Deficiencies The existing sewer system was installed in the 1930 s and 40 s constructed of vitrified clay pipe. City officials stated that the most common problems are tree roots intrusion and solids settling which causes blockage, as well as the need to repair several manholes. Collection system cleaning is performed on an as-needed basis. The existing wastewater pipes are eight, ten, and 12 inches in diameter, and no lift stations are presently necessary as all sewage flows can reach the lagoons by gravity. City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 7

8 Wastewater Treatment System Existing Conditions and Deficiencies The City s lagoon is a dual-cell system located less than a half mile southwest of the City. Little documentation is available on the 5.7 acre system, but solids have never been removed and discharges have never been required. The lagoon is designed to operate in series. The 2.3 acre east cell serves as the primary cell and the 3.4 acre west cell is the secondary cell. The discharge pipe in the secondary cell discharges into a nearby wetland; however, its functionality is unknown since it has not been utilized since construction. Using an aerial photo of the lagoons and GIS software, the area of the lagoons was measured. This method cannot identify the height or slope of the lagoon dike walls, so, an assumption on dike height has been developed based upon similar lagoons built in the area around the same time. The assumed lagoon dike height is eight feet with a five foot water depth and two feet at the bottom of the pond reserved for sludge storage. Thus the assumed storage volume is 5.3 million gallons. According to a USGS Evaporation Study, evaporation in this area occurs at an average rate of approximately 28 inches per year. A weather gauging station in Minot, North Dakota indicates the average annual precipitation is 17.2 inches per year. Net evaporation is estimated as 10.8 inches per year. Therefore, the estimated annual evaporation from the lagoon is 1.67 million gallons. Note that the evaporation occurs predominately in the summer, so the lagoons do not benefit much from evaporation in the winter months. The North Dakota Department of Health (NDDH) regulations establish a seepage limit of 1/8-inch per day. Based upon the current wastewater usage, evaporation, and allowable seepage, the ponds should be full, on average, every 188 days. NDDH regulations do not allow rapid infiltration as a means of wastewater disposal, but rather, permit treated effluent to be discharged to a surface body of water or drainage. Because the ponds have never been discharged, it appears the City s wastewater system unintentionally seeps effluent to groundwater, likely into the same shallow groundwater aquifer the City utilizes for drinking water. In order to reduce discharge to within the allowable seepage limit of 1/8-inch per day, the lagoon would need to be lined. Design criteria for the lagoon system are based on five day biological oxygen demand (BOD) loading rates and a hydraulic volume requirement. NDDH standards establish a maximum BOD load of 30 pounds per day (ppd) in the primary cell, and 20 ppd for the entire lagoon system. The NDDH minimum volume standard is 180-days of storage. Based on a population of 850 with assumed flows as previously stated (99,000 gpd) and BOD of 0.18 pounds per population equivalent (PE), the existing lagoons cannot meet future population needs. City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 8

9 With a population of 850, the existing lagoon has only 56 days of storage, and the BOD is estimated to be above the maximum loading rate at 66.5 ppd and 26.8 ppd respectively in the primary cell and total system. The existing treatment lagoon needs to be expanded to increase both size and depth with the hydraulic capacity controlling the design as shown in Table 3. The current wastewater rates are $5 per month and there is no long-term debt associated with the wastewater system. TABLE 3 WASTEWATER TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS EXISTING CAPACITY AT EXISTING SYSTEM FUTURE FLOW/LOAD DESIGN CRITERIA RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS Hydraulic Capacity 56 days storage 180 days storage capacity (minimum) 124 additional days storage capacity (12.5 million gallons) Primary Cell BOD 66.5 ppd BOD per acre 30 ppd BOD per acre Minimum 5.1 acre cell Loading (maximum) Overall BOD Loading 26.8 ppd BOD per acre 20 ppd BOD per acre (maximum) Minimum 7.7 acre total system Wastewater Collection and Treatment System Recommended Improvements The existing collection system is at or beyond its useful service life. The City may consider a wastewater system lining. Wastewater system lining is an alternative to recondition the existing pipe without the need to excavate and replace the roadway above the pipe. However, with the recommended water distribution system replacement, the City should also consider replacing the wastewater collection system as a long-term solution. When the water system is replaced, street removal, excavation, and reconstruction is necessary and represents a significant portion of the project cost, which could be shared with the wastewater replacement. Wastewater collection replacement would include installation of new 8, 10, and 12-inch PVC pipe and manholes. The existing lagoon cells should be lined, and additional storage is necessary to meet proper design criteria. The proposed treatment system improvements were developed based on the primary lagoon BOD loading rate, the total system BOD loading rate, and the 180-day storage requirement. All three design criteria should be met for successful wastewater treatment; therefore, the most restrictive of these criteria controls the evaluation. The 180-day storage requirement controls the design of the expansion. The improvements required to address the wastewater treatment system deficiencies include: Remove sludge from existing system; Raise existing cell dike height to 9-feet; Install clay liner in existing cells; Construct new secondary cell; and, City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 9

10 Install outlet structure and piping. An opinion of costs for the recommended improvements is presented in Table 4. TABLE 4 OPINION OF PROBABLE COST WASTEWATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS COLLECTION REPLACEMENT AND POND EXPANSION # DESCRIPTION QTY TOTAL 1 8" SDR 35 sanitary sewer 10,900 $ 523, " SDR 35 sanitary sewer 750 $ 37, " SDR 35 sanitary sewer 750 $ 41, " diameter sanitary manhole 43 $ 202,100 5 Temporary sewer service 1 $ 60,000 6 Connect to existing sanitary manhole 12 $ 30,000 7 Connect to existing sanitary sewer lateral 294 $ 220,500 8 Traffic Control 1 $ 25,000 9 Excavation 34,500 $ 517, Clay Liner imported 52,550 $ 1,313, " Riprap 9,000 $ 360, Geotextile Fabric 11,400 $ 31, Finish Grading, Seeding, Fence 1 $ 40, Access Roads 7,750 $ 193, inch gravity yard pipe 650 $ 48, inch gate valves 5 $ 9, Outfall Apron 1 $ 3,000 Subtotal $ 3,656,900 Mobilization/Bonding/Insurance 8% $ 292,552 Contingency 20% $ 731,380 Construction Total (2012 dollars) $ 4,680, Construction Cost 1 3.1% $ 4,975,542 Geotechnical Investigation $ 15,000 Engineering 20% $ 936,166 Legal & Administrative 5% $ 234,042 TOTAL 2 $ 6,161,000 1 The ENR 20 year average Construction Cost Index is +3.1% (as of November 2009), so capital costs are projected to an anticipated construction date in 2014 using an annual 3.1% inflation rate. 2 Estimate rounded up to nearest thousand City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 10

11 STREET AND STORMWATER SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS Street and Stormwater System Assessment The City streets were paved in 1979, including curb and gutter and valley gutters, but are in poor condition. Since construction, the City has not had an overlay or chip seal project. All maintenance to date has consisted of patching and crack sealing. The paved streets consist of four inches of gravel topped with two inches of pavement. The City limits truck traffic within the City as none of the streets were built to support heavy or large volume truck traffic. There is no debt on the street system. Street System Recommended Improvements Recommended improvements include full depth mill and salvage of the asphalt surface, a new street base of milled asphalt and class 5 aggregate, four inches of new asphalt pavement, and intermittent curb and gutter and valley gutter replacement. Without a full street assessment, quantities for the recommended repairs were drawn from a cost estimate provided by Ameritech Engineering Corp. Also, it is recommended that the recommended street repairs are completed simultaneously with the recommended water and wastewater pipeline replacements below the street. Completing the three infrastructure improvements simultaneously would save in overall construction costs. An opinion of costs for the recommended street improvements is presented in Table 5. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the City will likely need to implement approximately $17.6 million in water, wastewater, street and stormwater infrastructure improvements to address current deficiencies and meet pending development demands. These improvements include water main replacement, a new water tower, wastewater collection replacement, wastewater lagoon expansion and rehabilitation, and street and storm sewer reconstruction. City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 11

12 TABLE 5 OPINION OF PROBABLE COST STREET IMPROVEMENTS STREET REPLACEMENT # DESCRIPTION QTY TOTAL 1 Milling of asphalt surface 58,000 $ 406,000 Street base - 50/50 blend millled asphalt 2 and type A3, Class 5 82,650 $ 991, " Asphalt 82,650 $ 2,644,800 4 Remove curb and gutter 510 $ 2,300 Remove concrete 475 $ 5,300 Curb and gutter 510 $ 10,200 Concrete valley gutter 620 $ 43,400 7 Traffic Control 1 $ 15,000 Subtotal $ 4,118,800 Mobilization/Bonding/Insurance 8% $ 329,504 Contingency 20% $ 823,760 Construction Total (2012 dollars) $ 5,272, Construction Cost % $ 5,603,998 Street Assessment $ 5,000 Engineering 20% $ 1,054,413 Legal & Administrative 5% $ 263,603 TOTAL 2 $ 6,928,000 1 The ENR 20 year average Construction Cost Index is +3.1% (as of November 2009), so capital costs are projected to an anticipated construction date in 2014 using an annual 3.1% inflation rate. 2 Estimate rounded up to nearest thousand The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government. City of Grenora Infrastructure Needs Assessment 12

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