The role of Biomass in Renewable Energy Sources and its potential for green house gas reduction

Transcription

1 The role of Biomass in Renewable Energy Sources and its potential for green house gas reduction Paul van den Oosterkamp EDC conference, Groningen, November 22,

2 Outline The Biomass value chain Renewable Energy Sources (RES) : status & outlook Role of biomass in RES RES & GHG reduction targets - RES Directive - Outlook for 2050 Biomass & GHG reduction targets - CO 2 emission and biomass - Contribution to overall GHG reduction Conclusions 2

3 Biomass many sources Biomass = all organic material of non-fossil origin that is available for energy or materials or chemicals production Waste Wood (agriculture) residues energy crops aquatiic biomass 3

4 Biomass conversion routes Hydrogen N 2 CO 2 Gasification Green Gas Fertiliser Agriculture Industry Residential Plants (Biomassa) Organic waste streams Pre-treatment (Torrefactiion, pyrolysis, Bio char) Combustion Digestion Biorefinery/ chemical plant Elektricity Heat Diesel Methanol Chemicals Polymers Sustainibility criteria 4 N

5 Added Value Biobased economy: the value chain Specific plants Agro- and food residues Fine chemicals Food Feed Health & Lifestyle en lifestyle Feed Volume Other Residue streams + Wood like plants Bulk chemicals Fertiliser, materials Transportation fuels Electricity, heat Chemistry Energy 5

6 Sustainability aspects of biomass Large scale global transports of biomass Food prices influenced by market conditions Land Use Change and conversion of nature area's into agriculture Uncertainty on GHG balance and nutrients cycle GHG Balance Competition with food, local energy supply, medicines, building materials, Biodiversity Prosperity Welfare Environment 6

7 Renewable Energy Sources (RES) : status & outlook REN 21: Renewables 2011 Global Status Report 7

8 RES Directive (2009) 2020 : 20/20/20 target 10 % renewable in transport All based on final energy consumption Sectoral and overall growth of renewable energy in the EU (source: COM(2011) 31 final) 8

9 EU roadmap 2050 EU to become a competitive low carbon economy by 2050 Emission reduction 80 % in relation to 1990 EU GHG emissions towards an 80% domestic reduction (100% =1990) Source : COM(2011) 112 final Final roadmap 2050 to be published in December

10 Financial new investment in renewable energy by technology, 2010, and growth on 2009 ($bn) Wind 95 Growth: 30% Solar *Small Distributed Capacity 86 52% Biomass & w-t-e 11-5% Biofuels 6-20% Small hydro Geothermal Marine Global Trends Trends in Sustainable in Renewable Energy Energy Investment 2010 Investment % 44% -44% Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance; UNEP

11 Incremental global renewables-based electricity generation relative to 2009 by technology in the new policies scenario (IEA) Source : WEO

12 Biomass capacity in EU (in Mtoe) Share of each resource in renewable primary energy consumption (in %). (Source : The renewable energy share in the EU s gross inland energy consumption in 2009 was 9.4 % 12

13 Biomass supply potential The future biomass supply potential is subject to a large spread : Type of Biomass Potential in 2050 (EJ) 1 Organic waste 5-75 Agriculture residues Wood residues from forests Farmland crops Energy crops on degraded rural areas 0-30 Source : ECN, PBL (2011) Aquatic biomass 0-90 Total Total most likely EJ = J 13

14 How much sustainable biomass is available? 14

15 Expected contribution of bio energy to final energy consumption in the Netherlands Sector 2010 (PJ) (PJ) Bio based Electricity Bio based Heat (incl. CHP) Solid biomass: 27 PJ Biogas: 12 PJ Green gas: 24 PJ Bio fuels Total Biodiesel: 23 PJ Bio-ethanol/Bio-ETBE: 12 PJ 1.1 PJ= J 15

16 Biomass & GHG reduction targets Bioenergy provides an irreversible mitigation benefit when it displaces fossil fuels. Mitigation benefits of forestation or forest protection will be lost if deforestation occurs IEA Task 38 has produced a standard methodology for calculation of GHG emissions Source : IEA task 38 16

17 CO 2 reduction (% in comparison to fossil fuels) GHG balance Current biofuels 2 nd generation ethanol biodiesel biogas ethanol Fischer- Tropsch diesel Source : ECN DME methanol 17

18 Contribution to GHG reduction Source : Gielen et al (2000), available from MT CO 2 represents 9 % of the 1990 emissions Afforestation and materials substitution pose the most significant part of this potential. 18

19 Conclusions Renewable energy sources (RES) play an important role in the transition to a decarbonised energy system, Biomass is one of the important sources in the RES portfolio EU focus 2050 : 80 % GHG reduction (on 1990 levels) Large biomass potential available Sustainability of biomass value chain determines GHG reduction of biomass In case sustainability criteria are met, biomass share to GHG reduction is about 9 % (in timeframe) An integrated approach of technology, economics and policy is essential to harvest the biomass potential in a sustainable manner 19

20 20 Thank you for your attention!