Crystal Lake and Keller Lake Water Quality Evaluation and Ferric Chloride Treatment Project

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1 Crystal Lake and Keller Lake Water Quality Evaluation and Ferric Chloride Treatment Project Assessment for 8 Prepared for Black Dog Watershed Management Organization January 9

2 Crystal Lake and Keller Lake Water Quality Evaluation and Ferric Chloride Treatment Project Assessment for 8 Prepared for Black Dog Watershed Management Organization January 9 7 West 77 th Street Minneapolis, MN Phone: (95) 8-6 Fax: (95) 8-6

3 Crystal Lake and Keller Lake Water Quality Evaluation and Ferric Chloride Treatment Project Assessment for 8 January 9 Table of Contents. Introduction.... Operational Performance Operational Performance.... Residual Solids.... Impacts on Keller and Crystal Lakes...7. Lake Water Quality Comparisons through Macrophyte Impacts.... Conclusions...8 P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8Report\CryKel_8AnnualReport.doc i

4 List of Figures Figure Crystal & Keller Lakes Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operational Diagram... Figure Locations of Crystal and Keller Lakes Ferric Chloride Treatment System... Figure Crystal Lake Ferric Chloride Treatment System 8 Operations... 5 Figure Crystal and Keller Lake Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals 997 through Figure 5 Keller Lake (Burnsville, MN) BDWMO Classification: Category II Summer Average Water Clarity... 9 Figure 6 Keller Lake (Burnsville, MN) Summer Average Surface Total Phosphorus Concentrations Figure 7 Keller Lake Outflows: 8 Discharge Rates, Total Phosphorus Concentrations, and Cumulative Total Phosphorus Load to Crystal Lake... Figure 8 Crystal Lake (Burnsville, MN) Summer Average Surface Total Phosphorus Concentrations & Trend Analysis... Figure 9 Crystal Lake (Burnsville, MN) BDWMO Classification: Category I Summer Average Water Clarity & Trend... Figure Keller Lake Curlyleaf Pondweed Density Comparison,, 5, 6, 7 and 8 Black Dog Watershed Management Organization... 5 Figure Keller Lake Coontail Density Comparison 7 and 8 Black Dog Watershed Management Organization... 6 Figure Keller Lake Eurasian Watermilfoil Density Comparison 5, 6, 7 and 8 Black Dog Watershed Management Organization... 7 List of Appendices Appendix A 8 Monitoring Data and Discharge Monitoring Reports P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8Report\CryKel_8AnnualReport.doc ii

5 . Introduction This report summarizes the 8 operational performance of the ferric chloride treatment system at Crystal and Keller Lakes in Burnsville, MN. Data reported here will ultimately be transmitted to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), as required by their permit for system operation dated August 7, 6. The Crystal Lake ferric chloride treatment system was originally designed and built to withdraw seasonally anoxic, phosphorus-rich water from the hypolimnion of Crystal Lake; to treat that water with ferric chloride to inactivate its phosphorus; and to discharge the treated waters to Keller Lake via a storm sewer pipeline. The original intent of these operations was to reduce late-summer algal growth in Crystal Lake surface waters by reducing the amount of phosphorus entrained into the upper mixed layer of the lake during late-summer periods when the lake s thermocline descends into the anoxic zone. It was found, however, that the system could not withdraw and treat lake water rapidly enough to prevent the development of hypolimnetic anoxia (and subsequent sediment phosphorus release), thereby reducing the late-summer surface water phosphorus concentrations that fuel algal blooms. Consequently, for these reasons, and because of citizen complaints about odors released from treated lake waters flowing through the storm sewer, the ferric chloride treatment system was shut down after only two partial years of operation (997 and 998). The Use Attainability Analysis (UAA) conducted for Crystal and Keller Lakes recommended design alterations to the ferric chloride treatment system to enable it to withdraw near-surface (epilimnetic) waters during periods of hypolimnetic anoxia in Crystal Lake when odor problems would exist. Those changes, shown in Figure, were made in late. The system is designed to pump water at a rate of.6 cubic feet per second (7 gpm) from Crystal Lake in Burnsville, treat that water by injecting ferric chloride and then discharge the treated water to a storm sewer that enters Keller Lake (see Figure ). The iron floc, a brown precipitate, is primarily settled out prior to entering Keller Lake in a constructed channel that connects the storm sewer to the lake. During storm events, a portion of the floc is flushed out of the constructed channel into Keller Lake. The 8 ferric chloride treatment system operations occurred from mid-spring through mid-summer, when the system was shut down due to low water levels on Crystal Lake. P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8Report\CryKel_8AnnualReport.doc

6 Figure Crystal and Keller Lakes Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operational Program

7 Treated water is discharged to the storm sewer which outlets to Constructed Channel!( Ferric Chloride Treatment System Constructed Conveyance Channel Storm Sewer Treatment of water with Ferric Chloride Constructed Channel!( Water returns to Crystal Lake via the Keller Lake outlet Barr Footer: Date: //9 :: AM File: I:\Projects\\9\75\Maps\FeClPermitMap.mxd User: kow!;n Feet 5 5 FIGURE Location of the Crystal and Keller Lakes Ferric Chloride Treatment System Black Dog Watershed Management Organization

8 . Operational Performance. 8 Operational Performance While operating the ferric chloride injection system, the City of Burnsville maintained a log of the amount of chemical injected and the hours of pumping. The Crystal/Keller Lakes ferric chloride treatment system operated for, hours in 8, approximately months, from late April through late-july (see Figure ) and pumped a total water volume of 96 million gallons (9 acre-feet). Immediately following system start-up on April 8, 8, hypolimnetic waters were withdrawn from Crystal Lake and treated continuously until July st. The system was then switched to epilimnetic withdrawal mode and operated continuously until July 9 th, when the system was shut down due to low water levels on Crystal Lake. The overall iron dose applied was about 7. mg Fe/L during the entire -month period of operation. This dose rate resulted in approximately,76 kilograms (,59 pounds) of iron being discharged into the constructed channel just upstream of Keller Lake. This is about the same amount of iron applied in 7 (,56 pounds of iron were applied in 7) but over a shorter time period in early summer resulting in an increase in the overall iron dosing rate. This increase in iron dosing in early summer is likely one reason why the Keller Lake total phosphorus concentration in 8 fell from levels observed in 6 and 7. In fact, on average the Keller Lake total phosphorus concentration was the lowest since 997 (see Figure ). One possible explanation for the reduction in total phosphorus concentration was the relatively dry summer period. Due to the dry summer period, less nutrients were delivered to the lake via storm water runoff and the resulting water quality may have been improved. As a result of the reduced watershed nutrient load, the coontail growth likely absorbed nutrients from the existing phosphorus present in the water column of the lake, thus tying the nutrient up in the plant material and reducing the overall phosphorus levels in Keller Lake.. Residual Solids The system is designed to pump water at a rate of.6 cubic feet per second (7 gpm) from Crystal Lake in Burnsville, treat that water by injecting ferric chloride and then discharge the treated water to a storm sewer that enters Keller Lake (see Figure ). The iron floc, a brown precipitate, is primarily settled out prior to entering Keller Lake in a constructed channel that connects the storm sewer to the lake. During storm events a portion of the floc is flushed out of the constructed channel into Keller Lake. Based on visual observations of the constructed channel, it appears that greater than 95 percent of the channel capacity is available to store floc and sediment. It appears that - percent of the storage capacity is used annually. P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8Report\CryKel_8AnnualReport.doc

9 Fe Application Rate (kg Fe/day) Figure. Crystal Lake Ferric Chloride Treatment System 8 Operations Average Iron Concentration in Treated Water = 6.8 mg Fe/L Hypolimnetic Operation Average Iron Concentration in Treated Water = 9. mg Fe/L Epilimnetic Operation Cumulative Iron Applied (kg) //8 5//8 6//8 6//8 7//8 7//8 8//8 Note: Lift Pump was Operating at a Rate =.6 cfs Daily Iron Dose Rate Date Cumulative Iron Applied P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8ChemicalUsage_DoseRate.xls: Chart 8 Operations

10 Crystal and Keller Lake 997 Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake 998 Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake 999 Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Total Phosphorus Concentration (mg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Hypolimnetic Mode Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (mg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Hypolimnetic Mode Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (μg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (mg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Precipitation (in) Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec 7. -Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec 7. -Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec 7. -Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec Time Time Time Time Crystal and Keller Lake Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Total Phosphorus Concentration (mg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (mg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (mg/l) 5 5 Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Hypolimnetic Mode Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Epilimnetic Mode Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (μg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Hypolimnetic Mode Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Epilimnetic Mode Precipitation (in) Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec 7. -Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec 7. -Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec 7. -Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec Time Time Time Time Crystal and Keller Lake 5 Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake 6 Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake 7 Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Crystal and Keller Lake 8 Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals Total Phosphorus Concentration (mg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Hypolimnetic Mode Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Epilimnetic Mode Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (μg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Epilimnetic Mode Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Hypolimnetic Mode Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Epilimnetic Mode Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (μg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Hypolimnetic Mode Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Epilimnetic Mode Precipitation (in) Total Phosphorus Concentration (μg/l) 5 5 Crystal Lake [TP] Keller Lake [TP] Daily Precipitation Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Hypolimnetic Mode Ferric Chloride Treatment System Operating in the Epilimnetic Mode Precipitation (in) Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec Time 7. -Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec Time 7. -Feb 5-Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov -Dec Time 7. -Feb -Mar -Apr -May -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct 9-Nov 9-Dec Time Figure Crystal and Keller Lake Total Phosphorus Concentrations and Daily Precipitation Totals through 8 MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\ObservedLkWQData.xls: Crystal&Keller97-8Plots

11 . Impacts on Keller and Crystal Lakes. Lake Water Quality Comparisons through 8 In 8, Barr Engineering Co. monitored Crystal and Keller Lakes at approximately two-week intervals from May to November. As in previous years, data were collected at the deep station in Crystal Lake, in the proximity of the intake for the hypolimnetic withdrawal system. Barr Engineering also performed continuous lake level monitoring at the Keller Lake outlet (to estimate discharge rates and volumes using a rating curve developed by the MPCA), collected grab samples at the downstream end of the constructed channel prior to flow entering Keller Lake, and collected grab samples at the Keller Lake outlet in 8. The amount of phosphorus being delivered to Crystal Lake was determined using the estimated discharge rates and the total phosphorus concentrations of each grab sample. Appendix A contains the monitoring data collected during the 8 operational period. After observing improving Secchi disc transparency in Keller Lake between and 5, the summer average water clarity deteriorated slightly in 6, but improved in 7 and further improved in 8 to a depth of. meters (Figure 5). In Keller Lake, the 8 summer average phosphorus concentration was µg/l, which is the lowest value recorded since 997 (Figure 6). The Keller Lake Secchi disc depths in 8 ranged from.6 to. meters. The consequence of adding significant amounts of iron to Keller Lake in and 5 was to reduce the lake s phosphorus concentrations dramatically, as shown on Figure. Since less iron was added during 6 and there was reduced flushing of iron floc into Keller Lake, the summer average total phosphorus concentration (9 g/l) was significantly higher than in or 5 ( g/l and 5 g/l respectively), years with more storm events. However, even less iron was added during 7 and the summer average total phosphorus concentration (75 g/l) was lower than 6, but still higher than and 5. In 8, a similar amount of iron to 7 was added, but over a shorter period of time resulting in the lowest recorded summer average total phosphorus concentration ( g/l). Additionally, only 5 pounds of phosphorus was conveyed from Keller Lake to Crystal Lake between April and November 8 (see Figure 7) because there was little or no flow leaving Keller Lake on numerous occasions in 8. The importance of a Keller Lake outflow in delivering phosphorus to Crystal Lake can be seen in Figure 7, where the cumulative inter-basin phosphorus load rises only when a significant outflow occurs, usually as a result of a rainfall event, lake levels permitting. P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8Report\CryKel_8AnnualReport.doc 7

12 From through 8, average summer phosphorus concentrations in Crystal Lake have decreased from 5 g/l to g/l (Figure 8). For the same time period, the Secchi depth in Crystal Lake showed more fluctuation, but generally has not changed much in recent years of monitoring (Figure 9). There are several possible reasons why the water quality in Crystal Lake has not entirely improved as predicted in the UAA. The first reason is due to weather variations wind, temperature, and rainfall between the year modeled in the UAA () and recent years. For example, the climatic conditions in 8 resulted in a significant period during the summer when Keller Lake s water surface elevation was below the lake s normal water level; for that time period, Keller Lake did not contribute runoff to Crystal Lake. Therefore, a significant variation in the phosphorus concentration of the Keller Lake outflow will only have a minimal impact on Crystal Lake s water quality. The third reason that Crystal Lake may have only shown minimal improvement in the last several years relates to the lake s hydraulic residence time (nearly years). Studies have shown that it typically takes three hydraulic residence time periods for the benefits of watershed BMPs to become measurable in the receiving water. Since the ferric chloride system has only been operating for five consecutive summers and the last two summers of operation were shortened due to low lake levels of Crystal Lake (slightly greater than two hydraulic residence time periods) the full benefits may not be observed for another year. In addition, the Crystal Lake water surface elevation was below the lake s normal water level (i.e., outflows did not occur) for much of the summer, resulting in a reduced dilution potential in Crystal Lake. P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8Report\CryKel_8AnnualReport.doc 8

13 Figure 5: Keller Lake BDWMO Classification: Category Lac Lavon II Summer Average Water Clarity. Category IV and V Category III Category II. Category I Secchi Depth Transparency (m) No Action Level & No Non-Degredation Goal Maximum Lake Depth ( m, ft) Secchi Disc Transparency (ft) Black Dog WMO Lake Classification System P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\Keller_-9.xls Figure 5 /8/8

14 Figure 6 Keller Lake (Burnsville, MN) Summer Average Surface Total Phosphorus Concentrations 8 Black Dog WMO Lake Classification System 6 Total Phosphorus Concentration (μg/l) 8 6 Category IV & V Category III Category II Category I P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\Keller_-9.xls Figure 6 /8/8

15 8 Daily Precipitation Daily Precipitation (inches) / / / 5/ 7/9 9/7 /7 /6.5.5 Daily Precipitation 5 Keller Lake Outflows: 8 Discharge Rates, Total Phosphorus Concentrations, and Cumulative Total Phosphorus Load to Crystal Lake Outflow [TP] (μg/l), and Cumulative TP Load (lbs) Keller Lake Discharge Rate (cfs) / / / 5/ 7/9 9/7 /7 /6 Cumulative TP Load Outflow [TP] Keller Lake Outflow Discharge P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8OutfallTP_Keller.xls TPLoadChart&TP8 Figure 7

16 Figure 8 Crystal Lake (Burnsville, MN) Summer Average Surface Total Phosphorus Concentrations 8 6 Black Dog WMO Lake Classification System Total Phosphorus Concentration (μg/l) 8 6 Category IV & V Category III Category II Category I P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\Crystal_-9.xls Figure 8 /8/8

17 Category IV and V Figure 9: Crystal Lake BDWMO Classification: Category Lac LavonI Summer Average Water Clarity. Category III Category II. Action Level =.6 m (5. ft) Secchi Depth Transparency (m) Category I Secchi Disc Transparency (ft) Black Dog WMO Lake Classification System Maximum Lake Depth Not Shown (. m, 7 ft) P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\Crystal_-9.xls Figure 9 /8/8

18 . Macrophyte Impacts The final notable observation from the 8 data is a significant decrease in the abundance of the exotic aquatic macrophyte curlyleaf pondweed in Keller Lake in comparison to past years (see Figure ). Both the areal distribution and densities of this plant in 8 were lower than those observed in,, 6 and 7, according to annual early summer surveys conducted by Blue Water Science. However, areal distribution and densities of this plant in 8 were greater than in 5. There was a 6-percent decrease in the area weighted average curlyleaf pondweed densities between 7 and 8. The decrease could be the result of an increase in the iron dosing rate compared to 7. As a result, slightly more iron was added to the system in a shorter period, which may have caused a reduction in the amount of curlyleaf growth. Another possible explanation for the reduction in curlyleaf abundance in 8 could be the extended ice period during the 7/8 winter period which may have impacted its growth. Ice off occurred near the more typical time period of mid-april as opposed to other years. Moderate growths of coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) were observed in approximately 75 percent of Keller Lake s littoral zone in late May 8. Coontail density increased to dense levels by late August and coontail was observed at all but one of 8 sampling stations according to Blue Water Science s macrophyte surveys (see Figure ). The area weighted average density of coontail growth increased from.9 to. between the May, 8 and September, 8 macrophyte surveys. The increase in areal coverage and density of coontail growth in Keller Lake during the summer of 8 likely impacted the total phosphorus concentration observed in the lake, because coontail absorbs its nutrients from the water column rather than the lake sediment, and there was minimal stormwater runoff entering the lake due to the relatively dry summer period. Eurasian watermilfoil was observed in Keller Lake for the first time in the mid-september 5 macrophyte survey. This non-native aquatic plant was observed at two sampling stations in the southeast corner of Keller Lake during 5, the opposite corner from the ferric chloride treatment system inflows. Blue Water Science s September, 8 macrophyte survey indicates Eurasian watermilfoil was observed at 6 out of 8 sampling stations (9 percent) and has spread around the entire lake (see Figure ). Eurasian watermilfoil typically follows an aggressive growth pattern and can eliminate native species from a lake and degrade a lake s fisheries habitat. P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8Report\CryKel_8AnnualReport.doc

19 May, Area Weighted Average =.88 June 7, Area Weighted Average =.76 May, 5 Area Weighted Average = May 8, 6 Area Weighted Average =.. May 8, 7 Area Weighted Average =.7 May, 8 Area Weighted Average =.6 Barr Footer: Date: /5/9 :7: PM File: I:\Projects\\9\75\Maps\Pondweed 5_6_7_8.mxd User: amm FIGURE KELLER LAKE CURLYLEAF PONDWEED DENSITY COMPARISON,, 5, 6, 7 & 8 Black Dog Watershed Management Organization Sample Locations Curlyleaf Pondweed Density - Lowest Density Highest Density I 5 5, Feet NOTE: Macrophyte Surveys and Density Estimates were Performed by Blue Water Science and Supplied to Barr Engineering Company for Analysis.

20 May 8, 7 Area Weighted Average =.6 August 6, 7 Area Weighted Average =.7 Barr Footer: Date: /5/9 ::5 PM File: I:\Projects\\9\75\Maps\Coontail_7_8.mxd User: amm May, 8 Area Weighted Average = September, 8 Area Weighted Average =. NOTE: Macrophyte Surveys and Density Estimates were Performed by Blue Water Science and Supplied to Barr Engineering Company for Analysis. Sample Locations Coontail Density - Lowest Density Highest Density!;N 6 8, Feet Meters Figure KELLER LAKE COONTAIL DENSITY 7 & 8 Black Dog Watershed Management Organization

21 September 5, 5 Area Weighted Average =. August, 6 Area Weighted Average =. May 8, 7 Area Weighted Average = August 6, 7 Area Weighted Average =.6 May, 8 Area Weighted Average =.87 September, 8 Area Weighted Average =.76 Barr Footer: Date: /5/9 :9:57 PM File: I:\Projects\\9\75\Maps\EurasianMilfoil_5_6_7_8.mxd User: amm Figure KELLER LAKE EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL DENSITY 5, 6, 7 & 8 Black Dog Watershed Management Organization Sample Locations Eurasian Watermilfoil Density - Lowest Density Highest Density I 5 5, Feet NOTE: Macrophyte Surveys and Density Estimates were Performed by Blue Water Science and Supplied to Barr Engineering Company for Analysis.

22 . Conclusions Operation of the ferric chloride treatment system during 8 does not appear to have had a measurable impact on the phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a concentrations, or water clarity (Secchi depth) of Crystal Lake. However, the system did withdraw a significant volume of water (9 acre-feet) from Crystal Lake, which likely enhanced the reduction in observed lake levels, since most of the withdrawn water was not returned to Crystal Lake because Keller Lake was below its normal level for a large portion of the summer (i.e., it did not discharge). Based on Blue Water Science s September, 8 macrophyte survey, Eurasian watermilfoil was observed at 9 percent of the sampling stations in Keller Lake and has spread around the entire lake since first appearing in 5. Keller Lake appears to have benefitted from the ferric chloride treatment system operation by exhibiting lower phosphorus concentrations and greater water clarity than in years with no operation. In fact, 8 exhibited the lowest average summer chlorophyll a and phosphorus concentrations since measurements began in 996. In addition, the curlyleaf pondweed abundance in Keller Lake was lower in 8 than in 7 or 6. This could be the result of the increased flushing of iron floc from the constructed channel into Keller Lake prior to the relatively dry summer period. The ferric chloride dosing rate in 8 (7. mg Fe/L) was about 5 percent of the 7 rate (.9 mg Fe/L), percent of the 6 rate (. mg Fe/L) and percent of the 5 rate (5. mg Fe/L). The total phosphorus concentration in Keller Lake in 8 was significantly lower than the concentration observed in 7 (see Figure ). This reduction in total phosphorus concentration could likely be attributed to the relatively dry summer period, which resulted in reduced stormwater runoff loads entering the lake and an increase in the coontail abundance. The increased coontail abundance resulted in additional phosphorus being removed from the water column for plant growth. Based on the 8 results, we recommend the Black Dog Watershed Management Organization conduct similar operations in 9, with comparable performance monitoring. If 9 total iron monitoring data collected at the downstream channel is below the MPCA permit limit of.5 mg Fe/L, we recommend maintaining the ferric chloride dose rate at between 5 mg Fe/L and mg Fe/L, similar to 5 and 8 levels. P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8Report\CryKel_8AnnualReport.doc 8

23 Appendix A 8 Monitoring Data and Discharge Monitoring Reports

24 8 Field Monitoring Data Location Date Frequency Stroke Total Iron, unfiltered (μg/l) Dissolved Iron (μg/l) Phosphorus, Total as P (mg/l) Keller Lake Outflow //8 :.6 Keller Lake Outflow 5/9/8 :5.66 Keller Lake Outflow 5//8 8:5.5 Keller Lake Outflow 5//8 :.65 Keller Lake Outflow 6/9/8 :.57 Keller Lake Outflow 6/8/8 :.5 Keller Lake Outflow 6//8 :. Keller Lake Outflow 7//8 :5. Keller Lake Outflow 7//8 :.7 Keller Lake Outflow 7/9/8 8:. Phosphorus in Total Ortho (as P) (mg/l) Chloride (mg/l) Lake-End of Channel //8 : 5 5.5, <.6 <.6 96 Lake-End of Channel 5/9/8 : Lake-End of Channel 5//8 8: <.6 Lake-End of Channel 5//8 : <.6 Lake-End of Channel 6/9/8 : Lake-End of Channel 6/8/8 : Lake-End of Channel 6//8 :, Lake-End of Channel 7//8 :5, 87. <.6 Lake-End of Channel 7//8 : Lake-End of Channel 7/9/8 8:, 7.7 <.6 Lake-Mid Point of Channel 5//8 : *Milfoil Screen located just downstream of chemical feed building Monthly Averages for MPCA Wastewater Treatment Discharge Monitoring Report - (Downstream end of Constructed Channel) Lake - End of Channel Monthly Avg Monthly Avg Total Fe Monthly Avg TP Monthly Avg Ortho P Month Total Iron (mg/l) Total Dissolved Iron (mg/l) # of samples TP (mg/l) # of samples Ortho P (mg/l) # of samples April. <..6 <.6 May June July A- P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8 Monitoring\FeClMonitoringData8.xls: LabData //9 : AM

25 Monthly Averages for MPCA Wastewater Treatment Discharge Monitoring Report - (Crystal and Keller Ambient Lake Water Quality) Crystal Lake - Ambient Lake WQ Total Ortho-P (mg/l) # TP (mg/l) # Keller Lake - Ambient Lake WQ Total Ortho-P (mg/l) # TP (mg/l) # Total Fe (mg/l) # Total Fe (mg/l) # April No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data May.7.9 No Data.7.5 No Data June July Aug Sept Oct.9. <.6.. <.6 Nov.9.8 < <.6 Dec No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\Trends\8 Updates\Crystal Keller WQ Summary9.xls: Monthly_Avg_MPCA_Submittal A- /5/9 5:5 PM

26 Crystal Lake - Water Quality Measurments Date Max. Depth Secchi Depth Sample Depth Chlorophyll a (corrected for pheophytin) Field Turbidity Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Water Temperature Specific Conductivity Ortho Phosphate as Phosphorus Total Phosphorus Total Iron Oxidation Reduction Potention (ORP) Phosphorus (Dissolved) Alkalinity Hardness, equivalent mg CaCO /L m m m ug/l NTU mg/l C us/cm mg/l mg/l ug/l mv mg/l mg/l mg/l 5// // // // // // // // // // /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ // // // // // // // // // // // < // // // // // // // // // /7/ <.6.. 7/7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ ph A- P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\Trends\8 Updates\Crystal Keller WQ Summary9.xls /7/9

27 Crystal Lake - Water Quality Measurments Date Max. Depth Secchi Depth Sample Depth Chlorophyll a (corrected for pheophytin) Field Turbidity Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Water Temperature Specific Conductivity Ortho Phosphate as Phosphorus Total Phosphorus Total Iron Oxidation Reduction Potention (ORP) m m m ug/l NTU mg/l C us/cm mg/l mg/l ug/l mv mg/l mg/l mg/l 7// // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ // // // // // // // // // // /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ ph Phosphorus (Dissolved) Alkalinity Hardness, equivalent mg CaCO /L A- P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\Trends\8 Updates\Crystal Keller WQ Summary9.xls /7/9

28 Crystal Lake - Water Quality Measurments Date Max. Depth Secchi Depth Sample Depth Chlorophyll a (corrected for pheophytin) Field Turbidity Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Water Temperature Specific Conductivity Ortho Phosphate as Phosphorus Total Phosphorus Total Iron Oxidation Reduction Potention (ORP) m m m ug/l NTU mg/l C us/cm mg/l mg/l ug/l mv mg/l mg/l mg/l 9// // // // // // // // // // // /7/ <.6.9. /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ <. /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ <. /7/ <. // < // // // // // // // // // <. ph Phosphorus (Dissolved) Alkalinity Hardness, equivalent mg CaCO /L A-5 P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\Trends\8 Updates\Crystal Keller WQ Summary9.xls /7/9

29 Date Initials Pump Hours Pump On Chemical Pump Settings (Yes or No) Chemical Pump Settings Speed Stroke Remaining (Gal.) 8 Ferric Chloride Dosing System Log Chemical Chemical Added Status of Screen (Gal) 8-Apr SB 7. No 5 5.5, Yes OK Tested OK Season start up. Switched from upper to lower intake. Started pumps..5 hrs X people -Apr SAS 75. Yes No Calibrate/ adjust pump setting -May Kevin Braun pump checked. Controls found loose wire on motor starter -May SB 8.8 Yes,5 No No Due to heavy rain did not check screen 9-May SAS/ JAK Milfoil Screen Inspected Air Burst System Operated (Yes/No) Comments 965. Yes No No Check calibration/ adjust pump setting -May SB 56.6 Yes Yes OK No 8-May SB 5. Yes Yes OK No -Jun SB Yes Yes OK No Ordered gallons of FeCl. Will be delivered by end of week or st part of next. 9-Jun SB 99 9-Jun JAK 57.9 Yes,5 No No Adjust pump settings based on lab results -Jun SB Yes, Yes OK No 8-Jun SB Yes Yes OK Yes 6-Jun SB 6.6 Yes 6 Yes OK No Ordered gallons of FeCl. Should be here Tues July, 8 -Jun JAK 65. Yes 75 Pump check during milfoil screen sample collection -Jul SB,5 -Jul SB 66. Yes, Yes OK No -Jul SB Yes 7 Yes OK -Jul SB Yes Yes OK Yes Ordered gallons FeCl. Switched intake from lower to upper 5-Jul 5-Jul JS 68.8 Yes, Yes OK Yes 9-Jul JS 69. Yes, No No Shut down per Linda : pm -Oct KT No Heater turned off, Heater makes noise A-6 P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\IRON\8\8ChemicalUsage_DoseRate.xls 8Log

30 Keller Lake - Water Quality Measurments Date Max. Depth Secchi Depth Sample Depth Chlorophyll a (corrected for pheophytin) Field Turbidity Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Water Temperature Specific Conductivity Ortho Phosphate as Phosphorus Total Phosphorus Total Iron Oxidation Reduction Potention (ORP) Phosphorus (Dissolved) Alkalinity Hardness, equivalent mg CaCO /L m m m ug/l NTU mg/l C us/cm mg/l mg/l ug/l mv mg/l mg/l mg/l 5// // // // /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ /6/ // // // // // // // // // /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ // // // // // // // // /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ // // // // /7/ /7/ /7/ /7/ // < // // // /7/ <.6..8 /7/ /7/ /7/ // < // // // ph A-7 P:\Mpls\ MN\9\975\WorkFiles\Trends\8 Updates\Crystal Keller WQ Summary9.xls /7/9

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