Solar Homes. Evaluation copy. empty bottle with screw-on cap
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1 Name Date Solar Homes Computer 11 Alternative energy sources are energy sources other than the nonrenewable fossil fuels coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Solar energy, or energy from the sun, is one energy source alternative. A passive solar heating system uses no pumps, fans, or mechanical devices. Insulation and heat storage are important factors in such a system. A thermal mass is a material that absorbs and stores heat. Thermal masses can keep a home from heating or cooling too fast. In this experiment, you will examine the effectiveness of a thermal mass. You will then use what you learn to design and build a model solar home. OBJECTIVES In this experiment, you will Measure temperature. Find the relationship between thermal mass and the ability of a solar home to retain heat. Design, build, and test a model solar home. MATERIALS computer empty bottle with screw-on cap Vernier LabPro room temperature water 2 Temperature Probes lamp with 100 watt bulb 2 model solar homes 2 pieces of cardboard to cover the model masking tape solar home windows Evaluation copy Figure 1 Middle School Science with Vernier 11-1
2 Solar Homes Computer 11 PROCEDURE Part I 1. Get two model solar homes and position them 20 cm apart. The window sides should face each other as shown in Figure Fill a bottle with room temperature water. This will be the thermal mass for Part I. Firmly tighten the bottle cap and lay the filled bottle inside one of the model solar homes. Leave the other model home empty. Tape both model homes shut. 3. Position a lamp to shine down between the model solar homes as shown in Figure 1. The lamp bulb should be 10 cm above the tabletop. It should be the same distance from each of the model homes. Do not turn on the lamp until instructed to do so in Step Position Probe 1 in the model solar home with no thermal mass and Probe 2 in the model solar home with the thermal mass. In both cases, pass half of the probe through the hole provided. Make sure the probe is not in direct light from the lamp. 5. Connect the Temperature Probes. Start the Vernier data-collection program and open the file 11 Solar Homes from the Middle School Science with Vernier folder. 6. You will be collecting data for 80 continuous minutes. During the first 40 minutes, the light will be on. After 40 minutes have passed, the light will be turned off and the windows of the model solar homes will be covered. Data will be collected for 40 more minutes with the light off. 7. Click to start data collection. Turn the light on after the first set of temperature readings appears on the screen. 8. After 40 minutes, turn the light off and cover the window of each model solar home with a piece of cardboard. Data collection will end when a total of 80 minutes has passed. 9. Determine the maximum temperature reached in each of the model solar homes. a. Click the Examine button,. b. Move the mouse pointer to the highest point on Curve 1. c. The temperature at this point is displayed. Record the Probe 1 (no thermal mass) maximum temperature. d. Move the mouse pointer to the highest point on Curve 2. e. Record the Probe 2 (with thermal mass) maximum temperature. 10. Move the mouse pointer to the 80 minute line. Record the two temperatures at 80 minutes. 11. Print copies of the graph as directed by your teacher Middle School Science with Vernier
3 Name Date DATA Probe 1 No thermal mass Probe 2 With thermal mass Maximum temperature C C Temperature at 80 minutes C C Temperature change C C PROCESSING THE DATA 1. In the space provided in the data table, subtract to find the temperature changes. Which model solar home cooled more? 2. How are the no thermal mass and the with thermal mass curves similar? How are they different? 3. Which model solar home heated more slowly? 4. Which model solar home cooled more slowly? 5. What effect does the thermal mass have on the heating and cooling of a model solar home? 6. What are some advantages of heating a home with solar energy? 7. What is a disadvantage of heating a home with solar energy? Middle School Science with Vernier 11-3
4 Solar Homes Computer 11 Part II Design Problem 1. Using the information you gained in this and other experiments, design and build a model solar home that cools more slowly than the one you tested in Part I. Begin with a model solar home like the one used in Part I. You may add no more than 3 cm to the thickness of the walls. You may use no more than 600 ml of thermal mass. Your home must have a window with an area of at least 150 cm 2. When testing your model, first use a lamp to raise the inside temperature to equal the maximum temperature inside the with thermal mass model in Part I. Then turn off the lamp, cover the window, and monitor temperature for 40 minutes as in Part I. Compare the results with your Part I results and the Part II results of your classmates. Explain why you chose the materials you did. EXTENSIONS 1. Run the experiment for two or more consecutive daily cycles of four hours or longer. 2. Design an experiment to test other types of thermal mass, such as stones or phase-change materials. 3. Design an experiment to test other variables affecting a solar home, such as color, window material, window size, and insulation type Middle School Science with Vernier
5 Vernier Lab Safety Instructions Disclaimer THIS IS AN EVALUATION COPY OF THE VERNIER STUDENT LAB. This copy does not include: Safety information Essential instructor background information Directions for preparing solutions Important tips for successfully doing these labs This lab is intended for students ages 13 and older. For students ages 12 and under, we recommend that teachers perform the experiments as demonstrations. The complete Middle School Science with Vernier lab manual includes 38 labs and essential teacher information. The full lab book is available for purchase at: Vernier Software & Technology S.W. Millikan Way Beaverton, OR Toll Free (888) (503) FAX (503)
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