Sustainability at Michigan State University. Wolfgang Bauer
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1 Sustainability at Michigan State University Wolfgang Bauer
2 What is the Problem? May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 1
3 Energy Use / Person / Year (GJ) 2010 Data Energy: International Energy Agency Income: World Bank UAR Canada USA Saudi Arabia Australia Russia South Korea France Sweden Japan Germany Norway Indonesia World Average Ukraine South Africa China Italy Venezuela Argentina Greece Turkey Portugal Spain UK India Brazil Mexico Gross Domestic Product / Person / Year ($) 20 May 2017 W. Oakland University 2
4 Concentration between 190 ppm and 290 ppm during the last half million years (ice core samples) Near exponential rise from burning fossil fuels since the beginning of the industrial revolution (hockey stick graph) 6-7 ppm seasonal oscillations from plant growth and decay Net addition of ~2 ppm/year from human activity 20 May
5 Net addition of 2 ppm/year of CO 2 to atmosphere = 16 billion metric tons / year! = 35 times the weight of all humans on the planet 20 May
6 20 May
7 What are we doing about it? May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 6
8 Goals 1. Improve the physical environment 2. Invest in sustainable energy research and development 3. Become an educational leader in sustainable energy Timetable Year Campus Renewable Energy Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction % 30% % 45% % 55% % 65% Approved by MSU Board of Trustees, April 2012
9 Wood Coal Gas : Re-balancing the T.B. Simon Plant Renewables Duct bank RICE 1964: Michigan State University : 1925: Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Sciences Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences : T.B. Simon Plant 1948: Shaw Lane Power Plant 1921: 3rd Power Plant 1909: Michigan Agricultural College : 2nd Power Plant 1894: First Power Plant (partial electrification) 1855: Agricultural College of the State of Michigan 1882: Central Boiler House 1850 Image Source:
10 FY05-06 FY06-07 FY07-08 FY08-09 FY09-10 FY10-11 FY11-12 FY12-13 FY13-14 FY14-15 FY15-16 FY16-17 Natural Gas Coal Biofuel 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Fuel switch from coal to gas results in CO 2 emission reductions of 575 million pounds per year! Environmental impact equivalent to planting a half million trees per year! May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 9
11 May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 10
12 Maximum: 60.4 MW Average: 38.5 MW Minimum: 26.5 MW Spring term Fall term Hour of year May 20,
13 Totally self-contained micro-grid Co-generates all heat and electricity for campus ~ 6 TBTU primary fuel consumption May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 12
14 Electricity (GWh/year) Central Problem: MSU electricity consumption has risen much faster than steam demand T.B. Simon Plant efficiency decreased over time 25 klb/mwh Electricity Steam 14 klb/mwh Steam (Billions of Pounds/year) 0 0 Fiscal Year
15 Recycling center /surplus store Organic waste composting facility Geo-thermal array Nursing building Anaerobic digester Processing of food waste, reduction of artificial fertilizer use, electricity production Solar arrays Demand reduction M$10/year energy conservation measures Better building challenge Data center challenge Spartan treasure hunts May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 14
16 Harrison Rd. Farm Ln. Jolly Road May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 15
17 Reliability & Cost Proposed Carport Solar Solution has financial benefits PPA allows MSU to purchase power at a fixed price over the next 25 years 2015 public service commission utility rate $91/MWh, but will increase. (DOE- EIA projection: 2.3%/year; last decade: 3.35%/year) Projected total net savings ~$10M for MSU over the 25 year PPA period Green power is now cheaper than brown A drop in the cost of electricity would make the PPA unfavorable Opportunity costs for the land Potential that the technology will become obsolete Missing the tax credit windows power!
18 May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 17
19 Saturday, May 13, 7:30 am May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 18
20 Campus Demand (MW) Reliability & Cost Illustrative Example- One day of Campus Demand Electricity Supply Options Solar Substation Tie Line T.B. Simon Plant May 20, 2017 Lower Off-Peak Tie Line Rate W. Bauer High Peak Tie Line Rate 11am-7pm Off-Peak 19
21 May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 20
22 May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 21
23 74,000 sqft Investment: $13.3 million 2015/16 numbers MSU recycled 60% of waste 216 tons of material diverted from landfill Public drop-off center > 4 million pounds of recyclables collected Surplus store Reusing beats recycling Data: Ann Erhardt May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 22
24 Completed, Sep Research on better microbes, plants, & processes
25 MSU South Campus Digester Feedstock Feedstock TS (%) Planned (ton) (%) ton) (%) (ton) (%) (ton) (%) Dairy manure 12 7, , , , Fruit & vegetable 11 3, , , FOG 20 5, , , , Cafeteria food waste Milk processing waste 12 5, , Packing material Glycerin TOTAL 16,650 23,730 22,070 20,380 Other materials include waste feed, eggs and one-offs { 20,000 tons/year kept out of landfills Bottom Line: 4,000 MWh/year of electricity generated Data: Dana Kirk
26 May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 25
27 Study Abroad opportunity Biofuels Blog: May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 26
28 The greenest energy is the energy we do not consume 25 buildings 4.6 million sqft Participation from Facilities Staff, Students, and Faculty May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 27
29 MSU Pilot Project: Anthony Hall Built ,200 sqft Energy Conservation Measures LED lighting, variable speed fans, new steam traps, better insulation, 34% energy savings $0.5 million / year monetary savings May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 28
30 Currently 72 MSU campus data centers New central data center Power Utilization Efficiency improvement PUE < 1.3 Saves ~10,000 MWh/year May 20, 2017 W. Bauer 29
31 MSU Energy Transition Plan 1. Improve the physical environment 2. Invest in sustainable energy research and development 3. Become an educational leader in sustainable energy Road Year Map: Campus Renewable Energy Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction % ( ) 30% % 45% % 55% % 65% Engagement of students (and other stakeholders) crucial for meeting ambitious goals
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