DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF WINDMILL BLADES FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS
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1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp , Article ID: IJMET_08_01_003 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF WINDMILL BLADES FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS K. Sunil Kumar and R. Palanisamy Assistant Professor in Mechanical Department, Veltech, Avadi, Chennai-India S. Aravindh Veltech Hightech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, India G. S. Mohan T.J.S. Engineering College, Gummidipoondi, India ABSTRACT The optimum twist of a windmill blade is examined on the basis of elementary bladeelement theory. For a given wind speed and blade angular velocity, it is shown that the maximum power efficiency is achieved when the blade is twisted according to a program that depends upon the variation of the sectional lift and drag coefficients with angle of attack. Results for a typical airfoil cross-section show that the optimum angle of attack decreases from the maximum-lift-coefficient angle of attack at the blade root to greater than eighty percent of this value at the blade tip. The materials used were stainless steel, e-glass epoxy and gray cast iron and results were tabulated. Key words: Wind turbine design, windmill blades design, Structural analysis of wind mill blades. Cite this Article: K. Sunil Kumar, R. Palanisamy, S. Aravindh and G. S. Mohan, Design And Analysis of Windmill Blades For Domestic Applications. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp INTRODUCTION The utilization of the energy in the winds requires the development of devices which convert that energy into more useful forms. This is typically accomplished by first mechanically converting the linear velocity of the wind into a rotational motion by means of a windmill and then converting the rotational energy of the windmill blades into electrical energy by using a generator or alternator [5]. For purposes here, we can thus view the windmill as a mechanical device for extracting some of the kinetic energy of the wind and converting it into the rotational energy of the blade motion [1]. This is accomplished, in detail, by having the blades oriented at some angle to the wind so that the wind blowing past the blades exerts an aerodynamic force on them and there by causes them to rotate [7] editor@iaeme.com
2 K. Sunil Kumar, R. Palanisamy, S. Aravindh and G. S. Mohan 2. TURBINE AERODYNAMICS Unlike the old-fashioned Dutch windmill design, this relied mostly on the wind s force to push the blades into motion; modern turbines use more sophisticated aerodynamic principles to capture the wind s energy most effectively [9]. The two primary aerodynamic forces at work in wind-turbine rotors are lift, which acts perpendicular to the direction of wind flow; and drag[8], which acts parallel to the direction of wind flow. Figure 1 Windturbine Aerodynamics Turbine blades are shaped a lot like airplane wings - they use an airfoil design. In an airfoil, one surface of the blade is somewhat rounded, while the other is relatively flat. Lift is a pretty complex phenomenon and may in fact require a Ph.D. in math or physics to fully grasp. But in one simplified explanation of lift, when wind travels over the rounded, downwind face of the blade, it has to move faster to reach the end of the blade in time to meet the wind travelling over the flat, upwind face of the blades. 3. PRO-E MODEL OF BLADES: Figure 2 2d sketch for windmill blade 26 editor@iaeme.com
3 Design And Analysis of Windmill Blades For Domestic Applications Figure 3 2d sketch for windmill blade Figure 4.Extruded model of the windmill blade Figure 5.Extruded cut model of the windmillblade 27 editor@iaeme.com
4 K. Sunil Kumar, R. Palanisamy, S. Aravindh and G. S. Mohan 4. ANSYS MODEL OF BLADES 4.1. BY ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY Figure 6.Full Extruded model of the windmill blade Figure 7 Methodology Figure 8 Ansys model of Turbine blade 28 editor@iaeme.com
5 Design And Analysis of Windmill Blades For Domestic Applications 5. MATERIAL PROPERTIES Figure 9 Meshing stragety Figure 10 Properties For Stainless Steel Figure 11 Properties For Grey cast iron 29 editor@iaeme.com
6 K. Sunil Kumar, R. Palanisamy, S. Aravindh and G. S. Mohan 6. BOUNDARY CONDITION Figure 12 Properties For E-Glass/Epoxy Figure 13 Constraint For E-Glass/Epoxy 7. FORCES APPLIED ON THE BLADES Figure 14 Remote Force 1 Applied On Windmill Blade 30 editor@iaeme.com
7 Design And Analysis of Windmill Blades For Domestic Applications Figure 15.Remote Force 2 Applied On Windmill Blade Figure 16 Remote Force3 Applied On Windmill Blade Figure 17 Remote Force4 Applied On Windmill Blade 31 editor@iaeme.com
8 K. Sunil Kumar, R. Palanisamy, S. Aravindh and G. S. Mohan 8. ANSYS RESULTS 8.1. FOR STAINLESS STEEL Figure 18 Remote Force5 Applied On Windmill Blade Figure 19 Total Deformation Figure 20 Equivalent Elastic Strain 32
9 Design And Analysis of Windmill Blades For Domestic Applications 8.2. RESULTS FOR E-GLASS EPOXY Figure 21 Equivalent Stress Figure 22 Total Deformation Figure 23 Equivalent Elastic Strain 33
10 K. Sunil Kumar, R. Palanisamy, S. Aravindh and G. S. Mohan 8.3 RESULTS FOR GRAY CAST IRON Figure 24.Equivalent Stress Figure 25.Total Deformation Figure 26 Equivalent Elastic Strain 34
11 Design And Analysis of Windmill Blades For Domestic Applications 8.4 RESULTS BY COMPARISON s. no. particulars Figure 27 Equivalent Stress Table 1 Results by comparison from ANSYS total deformation (m) equivalent elastic strain (m/m) equivalent stress (pa) 1 stainless steel e-glass epoxy gray cast iron CONCLUSION The analysis of windmill blade we found that the STAINLESS STEEL material have a good physical properties and it have a less deformation under the moment and velocity, than the other two materials and finally the deformation, stress, strain of the STAINLESS STEEL material is low compared to the materials.the analysis carried out by us will make an impressing mark in the field of renewable energy. REFERENCES [1] Grant Ingram (2011), Wind Turbine Blade Analysis Using the Blade Element Momentum Method, Version 1.1October 18. [2] Douglas S Cairns, Trey Riddle and Jared Nelson (2011), Wind Turbine Composite Bl ade Manufacturing, February, Presented at the Sandia National Laboratories. [3] Frøyd, L. & Haugset, S.K., Analysis and Design of Wind Turbine Blades for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Using Blade Element Momentum Theor, NTNU. [4] Hansen, M.O.L., Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines, Second Edition, Earth scan Publications. [5] Mr. Jesus Vega Fuentes,et.al. Design of wind turbine blades of a power of 1000 watts for domestic use /12, 2012 IEEE [6] Rachid Younsietal, Dynamic study of a wind turbine blade with horizontal axis. Eur. J. Mech. A/Solids 20 (2001) September 2000)2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier. [7] Damien Castaignet, et.al., Model Predictive Control of Trailing Edge Flaps on a Wind Turbine Blade., 2011 American Control Conference on O'Farrell Street San Francisco, CA, USA June 29 -July 01, 2011., editor@iaeme.com
12 K. Sunil Kumar, R. Palanisamy, S. Aravindh and G. S. Mohan [8] Hirahara H, Hossain MZ, Nono mura Y. Testing basic performance of a very small wind turbine designed for mu ltie purposes. Renewable Energy 2005; 30: [9] Cooper P, Kosasih PB, Ledo L. Roof mounting site analysis for micro-wind turbines. Renewable Energy 2010; 36: [10] Clausen PD, Wood DH. Research and development issues for small wind turbines. Renewable Ene rgy 1999; 16: [11] Peacock AD, Jenkins D, Ahadzi M, Berry A, Turan S. Micro wind turbines in the UK domestic sector, energy and buildings. Renewab le Energy 2008; 40: [12] Singh RK, Ahmed M R, Zullah MA, Lee YH. Design and testing of a low Reynolds number airfoil for small horizontal axis wind turbines. Renewable Energy 2012;42:66-76 [13] Hayder Kareem Sakran, Numerical Analysis of The Effect of The Numbers of Blades on The Centrifugal Pump Performance at Constant Parameters. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 6(8), 2015, pp [14] K. Sunil Kumar, Dr. Sumathy Muniamuthu, S. Arun and A. Mohan, Identification Experimental Analysis of Noise and Vibration Reduction in Windmill Gear Box for 5MW Wind Turbine. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp [15] Anderson, John, D (2007). Fundamentals of Aerodynamics.McGraw-Hill. [16] Batchelor, George.K(1967).An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics.Cambridge UP. pp editor@iaeme.com
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