Kentucky and Beyond BOS 200 Success Story. The RPI Group Approach to In-situ Petroleum Hydrocarbon Remediation

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1 Kentucky and Beyond BOS 200 Success Story The RPI Group Approach to In-situ Petroleum Hydrocarbon Remediation

2 20 Years Serving the Environmental Industry Health and Safety is the number one priority at AST Environmental, Inc.

3 In-situ Injection Technologies Ø Biological Enhancing Agents (i.e.. ORC, HRC, Lactate & Oils) Ø Concentrated Solutions of Microbes (CL-Out TM & Petrox) Ø Zero-valent Iron w/molasses and EZVI Ø Oxidizing Chemicals (Sodium & Potassium Permanganate, RegenOx TM, Persulfate & Hydrogen Peroxide) 10-years of In-situ Injection

4 Bob Elliot: Ø BS Business Admin. University of Nebraska Kearney Ø 32 Years Business Development Experience Ø Pioneer in Rapid Site Investigation Ø 20 Years of Environmental Experience Ø 16 Years In Situ Remediation Experience Scott Noland: Ø Chemical Engineer Colorado School of Mines Ø 30 Years of Environmental Experience Ø 16 Years In Situ Remediation Experience Ø Consultant to the Consultants Ø Expert Witness

5 New Innovative In-situ Technology Trap and Treat - Overcomes Site Constraints - Safe Solution - Predictable Results - Longevity - Cost Effective - Rapidly Achieves Objectives

6 What is Trap and Treat? Specialty Engineered and Manufactured Products by Remediation Products, Inc. (RPI) BOS Chlorinated Compounds BOS Petroleum Hydrocarbons (U.S. and International Patents)

7 BOS 200 A Carbon/Biological Based Product consisting of: Activated Carbon Time Release TEAs (Nitrate, Sulfate) Micro and Macro Nutrients Nitrogen for Cell Growth Blend of Over 27 Species of Microorganisms Two primary treatment mechanisms take place with BOS 200 : Ø The first mechanism is the Trap : BOS 200 uses activated carbon to adsorb petroleum hydrocarbons. Ø Biodegradation, the Treatment, is the second mechanism of BOS 200 remediation.

8 An ideal environment for the biological process, where hydrocarbons are adsorbed on to BOS 200 particles made up of: More on BOS 200 Ø Electron Acceptors: oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate Ø Nutrients phosphorus, nitrogen, etc. Ø Aerobic and Anaerobic Blend of Microbes Initially, Aerobic but then Anaerobic (Oxidation to Sulfate Reduction)

9 BOS Versatility Ø Treatment for a Wide Range of Hydrocarbons Ø LNAPL to Dissolved Plume Remediation Ø Overburden and Bedrock Applications (including Barriers) Ø Plume Wide Treatment and Barrier Applications Ø Achieve Remedial Goals with a Single Installation Ø Passive System - Long Term Treatment Ø Control Back Diffusion

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12 Full Scale Key MW Gauging Data (ft) LNAPL Gauging Data Pilot Area MW-1 Date cm Latest Sheen MW ID Before 3-Mo After MW-5B ND ND MW EW EW-9 ND ND EW ND EW EW EW-13 ND ND EW ND EW ND EW EW EW EW

13 Representative Site Data Pueblo, Colorado MTBE Benzene MW-1 Before 10,000 6,700 2 Mo After ND (0.5) ND (1) MW-2 Before 2,900 1,700 2 Mo After ND (0.5) 49 MW-6R Before 1,900 3,300 2 Mo After MW-27 Before LNAPL LNAPL 2 Mo After ND (0.5) 1 8 Quarters Below Standards NFA Issued Spring 2014

14 Kentucky BOS 200 History AST Introduced to The Approach First NFA Achieved using BOS First UST Reimbursement Project through Reimbursement Projects Ø 29 Overburden Groundwater Treatment Ø 3 Bedrock Ø 1 Barrier - 10 NFA Issued - 95% Achievement of Remedial Goals

15 Proven Success with the Remediation of Impacted Groundwater in Overburden Soils and Bedrock Ø BOS 200 Sites (33) Kentucky, (3) Florida, (1) Ohio, (5) West Virginia, (2) Indiana, (1) Iowa, (1) Massachusetts, (1) Montana, (1) Missouri, (1) North Carolina, (1) South Carolina, (1) Tennessee, (2) Denmark, (1) Sweden, (1) United Kingdom Ø 95% of BOS 200 Sites achieved remedial objectives Ø (5) LNAPL Sites Ø (4) Bedrock Sites

16 Critical Component to Success The RPI Group Approach CSM RDC Remedial Design Implementation

17 Why Saturated Soil Contamination Is Important Benzene (mg/kg) -15 Depth (ft) Screened Interval Benzene Concentration 54 mg/l bgs Benzene (mg/kg) in Soil as a Function of Depth

18 Why Saturated Soil Contamination Is Important 54 mg/l 454 mg/ft 3 90 mg/kg 4500 mg/ft 3 In Saturated Conditions: The Soil Contains as much as 10 times the Contaminant Mass As Does The Groundwater

19 So what do you do with all the Data Calculate the Loadings (lb/ft 3 ) Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø In-situ Injection Design Use Refined Site Model to Determine Contaminant Loadings (lb/ft 3 ) throughout the Site. Identify Treatment Goal Permeable Reactive Barrier vs. Total Plume Treatment Establish Clean-up Time Design the Injection Loadings for the BOS 200

20 Injections vs Mass

21 Installation The Right Equipment High High Operating Pressures Before After

22 Specialized Injection Equipment for Bedrock Applications Triplex Positive Displacement Pump up to 2,000 psig and 300 gpm Inflatable Straddle Packers Downhole Pressure Transducers

23 Installation Triangular Injection Grid IMP-1 IIMP-3 MW-1 IMP-2 IMP-4 Typical Spacing: 10 (Maximum), 7.5, and 5

24 Completed Injection Point Installation Typical Top-Down Injection Head Hose from Pump Bentonite Seal 3 or 4 ft. sections 1-1/5 O.D. Rod Injection Tip 2 Vertical Spacing Deepest Point of Injection

25 Keys for Successful In-situ Remediation Using Injection Ø High Resolution Sampling to Determine Total Mass and Distribution of Mass in Formation Ø Implementation Techniques Distribution Ø Longevity of Product BOS 200 Safe, Effective, and Predictable

26 Thank You! Questions?