Operational Aspects and Environmental Profile of Solar Thermal Technologies

Transcription

1 Chart 1 Operational Aspects and Environmental Profile of Solar Thermal Technologies Technological Innovations for a Low Carbon Society Conference, Pretoria, South Africa, 9. October 2012 Christoph Richter DLR-Institute of Solar Research

2 Content Experience from operating plants Support tools for optimization of plant operation CSP in future RE supply scenarios (Desertec) Environmental parameters Application in water supply and solar fuel production

3 Spain: 3 Andasol Plants: 50 MW + 7,5 h Storage ACS, Sener (1+2) Solar Millennium, RWE, E.ON, Stadtwerke München, (3) Site ca. 2 km 2, 500 Jobs/2years, 40 permanent jobs, 2 tanks: Ø = 36 m h = 14 m tm molten salt 7,5 h storage a 50 MW

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5 Tower Plant Gemasolar, 20 MW, 15 h storage (Torresol Energy)

6 emasolar Plant operation data (20 MW Tower, storage) presented by Torresol Energy, SolarPACES 2011)

7 PE2 30 MWel CSP plant PE 2: 30MW el Solar Power Station Start of Construction April 2010 Synchronized in January 2012 Completion August 2012 Slide courtesy of:

8 Plant Design of Puerto Errado 2 Slide courtesy of:

9 Puerto Errado 2 Operational Performance Slide courtesy of:

10 Puerto Errado 2 Operational Performance Slide courtesy of:

11 System optimization

12 Quality assurance during manufacturing and operation Example: Solar Field for 50 MW of Electricity (Spain) 624 ET150 collectors: 7500 modules m 2 of aperture area mirror support points, 7800 bearings, absorber tube supports will have to be aligned to track the sun in 0.1 precision

13 Quality assurance during manufacturing and operation Measured Ray-Tracing Flux distribution next to absorber tube

14 Chart 14 > SolarPaces 2012 > Tobias Fichter > H.F.O. & L.F.O. N.G. Egypt Business case NA Strongly required firm and flexible renewable power capacity 2012 CSP competitive in the peak and upper-mid merit segment in the short-term CSP providing strongly required firm and flexible power capacity. Very limited availability of electricity storage and of other flexible and firm RES-E. PV CSP Wind PV and wind power as cheap fuel saver In the medium-term CSP competitive in mid-merit and base load segment. CSP in long-term as back-bone of electricity supply. Export 2022 Source: Fichter (DLR) 2012, ReMix-MENA optimization tool

15 Chart 15 > SolarPaces 2012 > Tobias Fichter > Business case EU Flexible renewable power Case study Germany 2050 The role of variable and flexible renewable power sources in a 90% renewable electricity scenario for the year 2050 for Germany. Installed Capacities: Photovoltaics: Wind Onshore: Wind Offshore: 45 GW 40 GW 27 GW Runoff Hydropower: 6 GW Import CSP: Import Hydro: Geothermal: Biomass: Biomass Waste: Natural Gas: 16 GW 4 GW 4 GW 9 GW 4 GW 63 GW 50% var. RE 40% flex. RE 10% flex. Fuel Power (MW) Power (MW) German Case Study, DLR 2012 summer week /7 27/7 28/7 29/7 30/7 31/7 1/8 2/8 winter week Date variable power 0 0 3/12 4/12 5/12 6/12 7/12 8/12 9/12 10/12 Date flexible power Photovoltaics Wind Offshore Wind Onshore Hydrogen Storage Pump Storage, CAES Gas Turbines Import CSP Import Hydro Geothermal Wood, Biogas Biomass, Waste River Runoff Coal Plants Combined Cycle Nuclear Plants Lignite Plants Load Photovoltaics Wind Offshore Wind Onshore Hydrogen Storage Pump Storage, CAES Gas Turbines Import CSP Import Hydro Geothermal Wood, Biogas Biomass, Waste River Runoff Coal Plants Combined Cycle Nuclear Plants Lignite Plants Load

16 Environmental profile, Life Cycle Carbon Emissions

17 Environmental profile, Life Cycle Land Use

18 Environmental profile, water consumption Slide Source: C. Turchi, NREL, USA, SolarPACES Conference 2010, Perpignan Typical Operational Water Consumption for Electricity Generation Water Technologies for Cooling Other Water Use Wind PV CSP Dish/Engine CSP Trough or Tower (dry-cooled) Gas Combined Cycle Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle IGCC with CCS Pulverized Coal Nuclear CSP Power Tower CSP Parabolic Trough NREL Solar Vision Study (in preparation) 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 m3/mwh Gal/MWh

19 Wet, Dry and Hybrid Cooling Layout Dry cooling (Air cooled condenser, ACC) Main Parameter: Ambient Temperature Wet cooling (evaporative) Parameter: Ambient Humidity Typical consumption (kg water/kwh: Coal plant: ~ 2 Parab. Trough: 3,5 Hybrid System

20 Shifting Cooling loads using Heller Dry Cooling System? Hot Water Cold Water

21 Configurations of CSP Desalination Plants Power Only Combined Heat & Power CSP / RO Solar Field Storage Solar Field Storage CSP / MED solar heat fuel solar heat fuel Power Plant Power Plant heat RO MED Water Power Water Power MED: Multi-Effect-Distillation RO: Reverse Osmosis Membrane Desalination Source: MED-CSD 2008

22 General Operating Conditions Combined Production of Electricity and Water Daytime Peaking Power to Grid Continuous Operation of Desalination Plant Peak Load Power Base Load Water Power Grid Electricity Desalination Hour Source: MED-CSD 2009

23 Chart 23 > Industrial Water Treatment with the Solar Enhanced Fenton Reaction > Chr. Jung > Industrial Wastewater treatment with solar light Light enhanced Fenton reaction - ph fixed: Fe III reduction in acidic solution proven up to 440 nm (l max LED) - Photolysis of Fe III complexes up to 580 nm - Simple catalyst separation via precipitation and filtration - Catalyst recycling by dissolving in acid for new batch/feed

24 Chart 24 > Industrial Water Treatment with the Solar Enhanced Fenton Reaction > Chr. Jung > DLR Site Lampoldshausen A Center for Space Propulsion Development & Tests (Test of Ariane main propulsion with H 2 /O 2 )

25 SOWARLA Demonstration Plant, Lampoldshausen 240 m² Receiver (4,500 L) receiver module water distribution and collection mechanical support

26 Chart 26 > Industrial Water Treatment with the Solar Enhanced Fenton Reaction > Chr. Jung > Degradation of Hydrazine at Demo Scale

27 Solar Fuels by Thermo-chemical water splitting Principal Η Η MO oxidized 800 C Η Η MO oxidized reduced C

28 Summary Experience Base for commercial CSP technology now broad and fast growing R&D to monitor and improve performance ongoing Good environmental profile of CSP technologies, continuous improvement CSP can contribute a significant share of clean energy to power sector, but also in process heat applications, water supply and in future fuels for e. g. transport

29 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Visit SolarPACES 2013 for further information. International CSP Conference with exhibition Autumn 2013 Las Vegas, USA Appoint for newsletter at:

30 Experiences in US CSP Environmental Permitting Conclusions Challenges and High Notes Addressing environmental concerns for utility-scale solar in the U.S. will be expensive and will take time Agencies are working to address some of the concerns programmatically, to lessen the burden on individual projects Some concerns must be addressed at the project- and site-specific level Siting is critical, and very difficult (goes far beyond low slope and high solar insolation) Despite challenges, Fast-Track projects are moving forward: 14 of 14 have published Draft EISs for public review and comment 9 of 14 have published Final EISs