The Recent Situation and Development of China s Energy sector. Xu Kuangdi September of 2010, US

Transcription

1 The Recent Situation and Development of China s Energy sector Xu Kuangdi September of 2010, US

2 I. Dramatic Changes in Economy and Society of China Since Reform and Opening to Outside World ( )

3 China s GDP of 2009 was 33,530 billion yuan (USD$ 4,910 billion), only next to USA and Japan, but its GDP per capita was 25,271 yuan (USD$3,700, ranked around 100 th in the world) 100 billion GDP GDP per capita RMB/Yuan After Mr. Deng Xiaoping s Southern Tour Talks Asian Financial Crisis After China s Entering WTO

4 Urbanization of China Accelerated Since The Reform and Opening Policy Rate of Urbanization(%) % Starting Turbulent Stagnating Recovering Stabling developing Accelerated developing

5 Prediction of Chinese Urbanization Cities 502 mil Rural 782 mil. 38 mil. (pop. natural growth) 150 mil. (pop. natural growth) Cities 840 mil Rural 630 mil.

6 Significant Achievement in China s Infrastructure Building The most recent statistics show: Railway: exceeds 86,000km 2 nd of the world Highway: exceeds 3.73 million km Express Highway: 65,000km 2 nd of the world Civil Aviation: 2.46M km/y Air Cargo: 9.45M ton/y 2 nd of the world Highway Civil Aviation Railway Inland Water * Pipeline 2003

7 The Primary Energy Production Increased by Over 100 Times in the Sixty Years Since The Founding of The New Republic mtce year

8 Growth of Energy Consumption Since the Reform and Opening Up 5 times 90% increase 10 times

9 Per Capita tce Change in Per Capita Consumption of Primary Energy Year

10 II. General Situation of China s Energy Sector

11 Change in Structure of Energy Consumption >90% 75% 68%

12 The Output And Consumption Volume Of Fossil Energy In China In The Last Five Years Note: Unit: Oil Mt, Natural Gas bm 3, Coal M tce

13 The Net Import Volume Of Crude Oil And Refined Oil Products And Import Dependency In

14 Installed Capacity Gw Installed Capacity of Hydro Power Year

15 Capacity of Wind Power Gw Annual Increase and Accumulated Installed Capacity of Wind Power Annual Increase 当年新增 Accumulated by year-end 年底累计 Year Note: as all turbines installed capacity

16 World Production of Solar Cell ( ) (Unit:MW)

17 Power Generation by Solar Photovoltaic Cells Getting Stable Start By the end of 2009, the national total installed capacity of photovoltaic power reached 300 Mw, a 100% increase comparing with the previous year. Among them, 200 Mw off the grid, 100 Mw were connected to grid.

18 Solar Heat Utilization Leading the World in Scale By the end of 2009, the total area of heat collection of solar heaters in China reached 145 million m 2, with annual capacity of production of 42 million m 2. Both account for over half of the world total in terms of utilization and annual production.

19 III. The Most Urgent Task in China s Energy Sector Is Conservation and Emission Reduction

20 Trend Curve of Environmental Pollution at Different Development Stages of Traditional Industrialization 20

21 Energy Saving Will Affect the Peak Value of Energy Consumption in Modernization Germany France Japan China Energy intensity: international practice Peak: lowering down with time proceeding Shape: tending to (

22 GDP per unit tce Energy Consumption Per Unit GDP (At The Price of 2005) Reduced 4% Annually In The Last 30 Years Year

23 Reduction of Energy Consumption in China s Energy Intensive Industries in Recent Years Unit Rate(%) Coal Power gce/kwh Steelmaking kgce/t Aluminium Electrolytic kwh/t Cement kgce/t Ethylene kgce/t Synthetic Ammonia kgce/t

24 Circular Economy Is The Handling of Energy Conservation And Emission Reduction in China Linear Economy Energy Resources Production System Consumption System Waste Circular Economy Energy Reduction Resources Recycle Production System Recycle Reuse Consumption System Objects Hard to Use

25 Circular Economy Trial Practice in Thermo Power: Beijing Thermal-power Plant of China Shenhua Energy Co. Ltd. remains the lowest coal consumption in the country for many years. Coal consumption in power generation reduced 80g/kWh in 9 years Coal consumption in power generation leading in domestic power industry Company Coal Consumption in Power Generation (g/kwh) Guohua Electric Power, China Shenhua 325 Beijing Thermal-power Plant, Guohua Electric Power, China Shenhua 270 China Huaneng Group 334 China Datang Corp. (CDT) 335 China Huadian Corporation 340 China Guodian Corporation 341 China Power Investment Corporation 350

26 Practice of Beijing Cement Plant The first treatment line for urban industrial wastes in China was built in Its annual capacity reached 100,000 tons. The line was approved as one of the national Torch projects.

27 A New Generation of Circular Steel Making Process Power Plant Gas 8~10 mt steel plant 1.2 GW power plant 3 mt cement plant coking coal iron ore coking 140~280 kt waste plastics blast furnace converter continuous casting hot continuous rolling cold continuous rolling slag 1.2 mt scrap steel sintering Circular Economic Chain Based on a Steel Enterprise Cement plant products

28 production capacity (unit: 10,000 tons) Incom Resources Recovery Co. Ltd global PET and renewable PET production capacity global bottle grade PET production capacity total of global renewable PET

29 BTB Recycle Process Contributes Significantly to Energy Conservation and Emission Reducing diversified recovery professional sorting and packaging use of renewables in INCOM thorough cleaning thorough purification waste beverage bottles 新饮瓶 Renewable Bottle PET Chip Circular Production Chain renewable bottle grade chip entering consumer market bottling in beverage factory glass blowing in factory casting blank in bottle blank factory original PET chip

30 Achievement in Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Energy Conservation Emission Reduction 50 kt waste plastic reduce CO 2 emission 150 kt save Oil 300 kt equal to 60 ktce save gas 65 million L Energy Conservation And Emission Reduction Turning Waste Into Valuables

31 The Targets of Industrial Energy Saving Unit Coal Power Gce/kWh Steel Kgce/t Cooper Kgce/t Aluminium kwh/t Cement Kgce/t Synthetic Ammonia Kgce/t Ethylene Kgce/t Papermaking Kgce/t

32 Urgent Needs in Energy Saving of Buildings Many irrational phenomena in the whole energy system; many technologies and energy improperly used. Tsinghua Hall 34kWh/m 2. a An Office Building in Beijing 113kWh/m 2. a New office building with the most advanced technologies consumes energy per unit area 10 times higher than that of the old building! A Mansion in Shanghai 215kWh/m 2. a UPENN Office Building in US 356kWh/m 2. a From the report of Prof. Jiang Yi, Member of CAE

33 Construction 城镇建筑面积 Area in Cities ( 亿平方米 and Towns ) (100 million m 2 ) Increase in Construction Area Caused by Urbanization of China by 2030 Build another China in 25 years! 30 billion m Increase 1 billion m 2 /y 30 billion m 2 by Construction Area of China s Cities and Towns China Statistical Yearbook

34 Key Way to Energy Saving: Applying LED Illumination If LED illumination takes 1/3 of the market, it will save 168 billion kwh of electricity annually (equal to the production of 2 Three-gorges power stations) Road lamp is the stepping-stone for new illuminating technology. Billion Changes in Global Market of Light Sources 9'' 10''7 12''9 15''9 Total Light Source Market Traditional Light Source Stable with Slight Declining LED Rapid Growth Year * OSRAM estimation, only Illumination

35 IV. Sustainable Development Requires To Adjust Energy Structure

36 GHG Emission Index of Power Generation by Different Sources (carbon equivalent g/kwh) Technologies in 1990 s Max Min New technologies lignite (2005~2020) coal (2005~2020) oil (2005~2020) solar (2010~2020) hydro biomass wind nuclear

37 Roadmap for China s Nuclear Power Unit: GW Total Installed Capacity Among them: 2nd Generation PWR rd Generation PWR Breeder Reactor(Fast Reactor) 30

38 Based on the mature technologies and international experience, China should develop self-designed 1000 MW PWR power stations GW 1.2% GW 5% GW 10% 38

39 Natural Gas Be Developed Into Pillar of Clean Energy By 2030, domestic natural gas production is projected to reach 300 billion m 3 and will remain stable till The import of natural gas will be 150 billion m 3. All these will make natural gas contribute to 15% of primary energy in China by 2030.

40 Turn Hydro Power To A Pillar Of Green Energy By 2020, China s installed capacity of hydro power will reach 340 GW. By 2030 when the exploitable hydro resources are used, the installed capacity will be 400 GW.

41 China s Wind Energy Resource Map The total resource of wind energy in China is about 700~1200 GW, with annual generation of electricity of 1,400-2,400 TWh. 41

42 China s Solar Energy Resource Map (Except Islands in South China Sea) If the photovoltaic facilities cover 2% of the Gobi desert (20,000 km 2 ) and 20% of roof area, the generation of electricity will reach to 2,900 TWh. 42

43 Biomass Energy Current biomass resources are 540 mtce, of which, 290 mtce can be used as a source of energy by producing fuels for power generation and materials for methane production.

44 Roadmap for Low Carbon Economy and Green Energy in China Strategic Position Renewable Energy (excluding hydro power) Renewable Energy (including hydro power) Equal to Fossil Energy (100 MTCE) Supplement Energy Alternative Energy Mainstream Energy Leading Energy 2% 5-10% 9-19% 17-34% 10% 16-23% 20-31% 27-45%

45 Conclusion 1. China is in the stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. The CO 2 emission of China ranks the first in the world because of the coal dominated energy structure; However, China s per capita emission is still much lower than those of the developed countries. Therefore, China takes common but differentiated responsibility; 2. To vigorously save energy and reduce emission and to reduce energy consumption per unit GDP; The foundation for building a low-carbon society lays on the development of nuclear power and renewable energy; 3. To advocate a low-carbon and energy-saving life style guarantees the building of low carbon society.

46 Thank You! 46