GIS Applications in Water Resources Engineering
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1 King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals City & Regional Planning Department Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Term Paper Presentation GIS Applications in Water Resources Engineering Prepared by: Ammar Ahmed Musa ID# Submitted to: Dr. Baqer M. Al-Ramadan May 13, 2012
2 Outline Introduction Objectives Literature Review GIS for Surface Water Hydrology GIS for Groundwater Hydrology GIS for Water Quality Conclusion
3 Introduction GISs are strongly impacting the fields of water resources engineering. GIS is now accepted as a useful tool for assembling water resources information. Processing and modeling of data can be done using GIS. The GIS software packages used most widely throughout the world are the Arc hydro, Arc Info and ArcView systems developed by ESRI in Redlands, California.
4 Introduction There are many applications of GIS in a river basin, such as: Defining the watershed and its hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics Interpolating groundwater contaminate concentration Finding the coincidence of factors Monitoring the occurrence and intensities of thunderstorm
5 Objectives The main objective of this paper is: To give more explanation of GIS concepts in water resources engineering planning and design. To know how GIS can provide hydrologists with more hydrologic information. To make a general overview how it has been used to support water resources development.
6 Literature Review An application of hydrological response units (HRUs) in Germany-Brol catchment (by Albert, 1997). Development of unit hydrograph that helps scientists to determine internal distribution flow through watershed (by Davie Maidment, 1993). A hydrological model that uses detailed basin characteristics to predict hydrological processes (by Smedt, Yongbo, and Gebremeskel, 2000).
7 GIS for Surface Water Hydrology Surface water hydrologic data: Terrain Digital elevation models Slop and aspect Watersheds and sub-catchments Drainage network Soil Permeability Layer depth Soil textural Soil water content
8 GIS for Surface Water Hydrology Surface water hydrologic data: Precipitation & climate Rain-gauge data Gauge locations & context Statistics(e.g., intensity, duration) Temperature Evaporation & transpiration Streamflow records Storm runoff events Statistics(e.g., frequency, peak value)
9 GIS for Surface Water Hydrology Floodplain Management Applications of GIS for determination of management information. GIS has become central to the conduct of such modeling that required for supporting flood management strategies.
10 GIS for Surface Water Hydrology GIS for surface water hydrology modeling The basic processes of hydrologic model include: Precipitation. Abstractions and infiltration losses, soil moisture accounting. Overland flow generation and routing. Stream channel routing hydraulics.
11 GIS for Surface Water Hydrology Arc Hydro data model and tools: Arch hydro is a data structure that supports hydrologic simulation models. Arc hydro data model provides a template for the creation of a wide variety of hydrologic and water resources.
12 GIS for Surface Water Hydrology
13 GIS for Surface Water Hydrology
14 GIS for Groundwater Hydrology GIS has found extensive applications for groundwater assessment. Principle types of data are commonly required. Some data and information such as geologic and hydro-geologic maps are difficult to obtain and require years to develop. GIS can help with modeling process to provide database and supporting systematic model parameter assignment.
15 GIS for Water Quality Water quality is one of the most important subjects in water resources. GIS performs a central role of efforts to monitor water quality changes within a body, and modeling water quality of aquatic systems.
16 Conclusion GISs and simulation models have contributed to the identification and evaluation of potential solutions to water problems during the past decade. GIS has influenced the development and implementation of hydrologic models at several different levels. GISs have provided tools to compute average values more efficiently and to include at least some level of spatial effects by watersheds into sub-watersheds. There are many advantages for using GIS in water resources, such as the ability of modeling systems for rivers, channels, and coastal waters.
17 Water is fundamental to human life and the functioning of the natural environment Q & A Thanks for your listening
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