European Commission. Communication on Support Schemes for electricity from renewable energy sources

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1 European Commission Communication on Support Schemes for electricity from renewable energy sources External Costs of energy and their internalisation in Europe Beatriz Yordi DG Energy and Transport

2 External costs and support systems for renewable energy Best solution: Create a level playing field Internalise external costs of all energy sources Abolish energy-related subsidies Finish the internal energy market 2 nd best solution: Compensate renewables Use support systems in order to compensate renewables for avoided external costs & external benefits (environment, innovation, employment, growth)

3 Principles of the Renewables Directive 2001/77/EC Main objective: Promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources Quantified national targets for consumption of electricity from renewable sources of energy National support schemes plus, if necessary, a harmonised support system Simplification of national administrative procedures for authorisation Guaranteed access to transmission and distribution of electricity from renewable energy sources

4 Where are we? Setting of national targets All EU25 Member States have adopted national targets, in line with the reference values listed in Annex I of Directive 2001/77/EC. The New EU10 targets are published in the Accession Treaty in April Targets have been also agreed with Bulgaria and Romania: -Bulgaria from current 6% to 11% by Romania from current 28% to 33% by 2010 The 2010 target If EU-25 Member States (+BL+RO) meet these national targets, the 2010 target of 21% at 2010 will be achieved.

5 Production of new RES-E (without hydropower) in 2003 is equivalent to the combined overall electricity production in Portugal, Denmark and Slovenia Electricity generation [TWh/year] _ Wind off-shore Wind on-shore Photovoltaics Geothermal electricity Biowaste Solid biomass Biogas

6 Share of green electricity in the Member States consumption of electricity compared to the national targets for Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg The Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom Cyprus Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Malta Poland Slovakia Slovenia Belgium Austria

7 Price ranges for direct support of wind onshore in EU-15 member states compared to the long term marginal generation costs Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh] AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE UK

8 Price ranges for direct support of wind onshore in EU-10 member states compared to the long term marginal generation costs Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh] CY CZ EE HU LA LT MT PL SK SI

9 2003 effectiveness indicator example biogas in UK Growth and Existing Potential - Biogas UK [TWh] Additional realisable Potential in 2002 until 2020 C Effectiveness Indicator represents the RES-E produced compared to the remaining potential E = (B-A)/C A B Total potential for 2020

10 Effectiveness indicator for wind onshore electricity in the period EU-15.

11 Effectiveness indicator for wind onshore electricity in the period EU-10 12% 10% Average effectiveness indicator - Wind on-shore - 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% CY CZ EE HU LA LT MT PL SK SI EU10 Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tender Tax incentives / Investment grants

12 Historically observed efficiency of support for Wind: effectiveness indicator in relation to the annuity of expected profit

13 Evaluation of support schemes Main conclusions Feed-in tariffs have been more effective and more efficient than quota systems High prices for tradable green certificates due to higher risk cost and immature certificate markets? Harmonisation would be premature, more experience needs to be gained, especially with quota systems Administrative and grid barriers need to be addressed

14 Recommendations to Member States Optimise the support system Adapt the support level to the generation costs Half of the Member States give not enough support to ensure deployment of RES-E Increase stability instability increases risk cost avoid stop-and-go nature of the support Reduce investment risk especially green certificate markets need a high liquidity

15 Recommendations to Member States Optimise the framework conditions Reduce administrative barriers reduce administrative requirements use clear guidelines, one-stop-authorisation agencies and pre-planning mechanisms Ensure fair grid access grid access conditions must be transparent and nondiscriminatory grid infrastructure should be improved to accommodate RES-E, associated costs should be covered by grid operator

16 Support for renewables What s next? 2020 targets (overall and/or by sectors) Communication on the share of RES-E by 2006 Directive proposal on Heating & Cooling Review of the biofuels Directive

17 Thank you for your attention!

18 Support for renewables What s next? 2020 targets (overall and sectoral) Communication on the share of RES-E Directive proposal on Heating & Cooling Review of the biofuels Directive

19 Thank you for your attention!

20 Price ranges for direct support of agricultural biogas in EU-15 member states compared to the long-term marginal generation costs Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh] AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE UK

21 Price ranges for supported agricultural biogas in EU-10 member states compared to the long-term marginal generation costs Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh] CY CZ EE HU LA LT MT PL SK SI

22 Effectiveness indicator for biogas electricity in the period % 3% Average effectiveness indicator - Biogas - 2% 1% 0% AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE UK EU15-1% Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tender Tax incentives / Investment grants

23 Effectiveness indicator for biogas electricity in the period % 3% Average effectiveness indicator - Biogas - 2% 1% 0% CY CZ EE HU LA LT MT PL SK SI EU10-1% Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tender Tax incentives / Investment grants

24 Price ranges for supported biomass electricity production from forestry residues in EU-15 member states compared to the long-term marginal generation costs Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh] * system gives the option for co-firing AT* BE* DK FI FR DE GR IE IT* LU NL* PT ES SE UK*

25 Price ranges for supported biomass electricity production from forestry residues in EU-10 Member States compared to the long-term marginal generation costs Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh] * system gives the option for co-firing CY CZ * EE* HU* LA LT MT PL* SK* SI*

26 Effectiveness indicator for biomass electricity in the period % 4% Average effectiveness indicator - Solid Biomass - 3% 2% 1% 0% AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE UK EU15-1% Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tender Tax incentives / Investment grants

27 Effectiveness indicator for biomass electricity in the period % 4% Average effectiveness indicator - Solid Biomass - 3% 2% 1% 0% CY CZ EE HU LA LT MT PL SK SI EU10-1% Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tender Tax incentives / Investment grants

28 Historically observed efficiency of support: effectiveness indicator in relation to the expected annuity. BIOMASS 10% DK 8% Effectiveness indicator 6% FI 4% AT UK HU DE 2% BE- IT FR SE Flanders 0% BE Wallonia -2% Expected Annuity [ Cent/KWh] Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tax incentives / Investment grants

29 Price ranges for direct support of small-scale hydro in EU-15 Member States compared to the long-term marginal generation costs AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE UK Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh]

30 Price ranges for direct support of small-scale hydro in EU-10 Member States compared to the long-term marginal generation costs Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh] CY CZ EE HU LA LT MT PL SK SI

31 Effectiveness indicator for small hydro electricity in the period % Average effectiveness indicator Small Hydro - 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE UK EU Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tender Tax incentives / Investment grants

32 Effectiveness indicator for small hydro electricity in the period % 20% Average effectiveness indicator - Small Hydro - 15% 10% 5% 0% CY CZ EE HU LA LT MT PL SK SI EU10 Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tender Tax incentives / Investment grants

33 Price ranges (average to maximum support) for direct support of photovoltaic electricity in EU-15 Member States compared to the longterm marginal generation costs Minimum to average generation costs [ /MWh] Average to maximum support level [ /MWh] AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE UK

34 Effectiveness indicator for photovoltaic electricity in the period % Average effectiveness indicator - Photovoltaics - 2% 1% 0% AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE UK EU15 Feed-in tariff Quota / TGC Tender Tax incentives / Investment grants

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