NATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ACCELERATING THE UPTAKE OF NATURED-BASED SOLUTIONS

Transcription

1 NATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ACCELERATING THE UPTAKE OF NATURED-BASED SOLUTIONS Abdul Malik Sadat Idris Director of Water Resources and Irrigation Indonesia Ministry of National Development Planning Jakarta, April 4th 2018

2 Outline Water Resources Potency and Problems Policy Direction Water Finance : CWRMS Scheme Conclusion 2

3 GENERAL OVERVIEW REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Consists of about 17,508 islands Total land areas are about 2 million km 2 Estimated population: 254,9 million (growth rate: 1,75%) Rainfall distribution: mm/year Divided into 34 provinces, 416 regencies, and 98 cities 3

4 WATER RESOURCES POTENCY AND PROBLEMS 1. WATER RESOURCES POTENCY WATER UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTION INDONESIA WATER AVAILABILITY (10 6 m 3 /yr) POTENTIAL ACTUAL SUMATERA JAVA KALIMANTAN SULAWESI UTILIZED (10 6 m 3 /yr) (25,3%) UNUTILIZED (10 6 m 3 /yr) (74,7%) BALI + NUSA TENGGARA MALUKU PAPUA DMI (10 6 m 3 /yr) (19,5%) IRRIGATION (10 6 m 3 /yr) (80,5 %) Note: D : Domestic (Household) M : Municipal (Cities) I : Industrial Domestic & Municipal (10 6 m 3 /yr) INDUSTRIAL (10 6 m 3 /yr) Source: Water Resources Research Center, (3,7%) (15,8%) Roadmap CC Water Sector, 2011 INCREASE IN WATER DEMAND DUE TO POPULATION GROWTH 2010 = ,29 million m = ,24 million m * = ,61 million m 3 * Projection 4

5 EXISTING CONDITION WATER RESOURCES POTENCY AND PROBLEMS 1. About 45% of irrigation areas in Indonesia are in poor condition and about 84% of them are under provincial and district authorities. 2. High frequency of flood events in several big cities are caused by: Changes in rainfall patterns and climate. Climate variability could has an impact on drought events. In , drought affected 17% of the 12 million ha of rice field. The number of exploitation groundwater due to limited capacity of water supply, leading to land subsidence. Watershed degradation due to land conversion Inconsistency in regional policy (such as: spatial planning and land use policy) Limited funding for flood protection program 3. Raw water capacity is 51,44 m 3 /sec (in 2014), it only covers + 66,35% of populations. Integration of water supply provision system from upstream until the household connection and the technology about water conveyance are still not enough. 4. Hydropower potential is 75 GW, but the realization of installed capacity of Hydro Power is only 4,4 GW or 8% of the total installed capacity of 54,5 GW (RUPTL ). 5

6 WATER RESOURCES POTENCY AND PROBLEMS 2. WATER RESOURCES PROBLEMS (1) WATER SCARCITY Water Balance Assesment Limited Scarcity Water Stress Shortage Source : MOPW, 2018 Java Island SITUATION 2010 WATER BALANCE ASSESMENT and Water Balance of June-October In Low Flows Condition with Reservoirs and Inter Basin Transfers Almost all area in Java are in water scarce condition. Around 35% of cities in Java are in water shortage condition (in 2010) SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RATE ZONING OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION RATE Average sedimentation in Java: 70 million m 3 /year Hotspot Too Sedimented due to Erosion Low Impact Medium Impact High Impact Source : MOPW,

7 WATER RESOURCES POTENCY AND PROBLEMS 2. WATER RESOURCES PROBLEMS (2) CRITICAL LAKES 15 Critical Lakes 1. Lake Toba 8. Lake Sentani 2. Lake Maninjau 11. Swamp Danau 3. Lake Singkarak 12. Lake Batur 4. Lake Kerinci 13. Lake Tempe 5. Swamp Pening 14. Lake Matano 6. Lake Tondano 7. Lake Limboto 15. Lake Poso 8. Lake Sentarum 9. Lake Semayang-Melintang-Jempang Lake Limboto Critical Lakes Swamp Pening FOREST & AGRICULTURE CONVERSION INTO URBAN AREA DUE TO ECONOMIC GROWTH CASE STUDY: JAVA ISLAND CASE STUDY: JAVA ISLAND Increasing urban areas will also increase water use and exploitation. Urban Areas 2010 Urban Areas 2030 Source : MOPW,

8 WATER RESOURCES POTENCY AND PROBLEMS 2. WATER RESOURCES PROBLEMS (3) DECREASE IN WATER QUALITY (ON SOURCE) DUE TO WATER POLLUTION Java Island River in Java has been polluted and around 62% of rivers in Java are in heavy polluted condition. Source : MOPW, 2018 Status of River s Water Quality Fulfill Standard Lightly Polluted Polluted Heavy Polluted No Data 8

9 WATER RESOURCES POTENCY AND PROBLEMS Water Quality Observation Post Decrease Water Quality : Case Study Citarum River Tunggak Jati Status baku mutu air : Kelas 4 (cemar berat) Bendung Walahar Status baku mutu air : Kelas 4 (cemar berat) Outlet Jatiluhur Status baku mutu air : Kelas 4 (cemar berat) Water Quality Class Parameter Satuan Kelas I II III IV ph BOD Mg/L COD Mg/L DO Mg/L Total fosfat Mg/L 0,2 0,2 1 5 NO3 Mg/L Total coli Jml/100ml Detergen ug/l (-) Fenol ug/l (-) Water Quality Observation Results No Pos Pengamatan Parameter ph BOD COD DO Ket. 1 Bendung Wangisagara ,5 BM kelas 4 2 Jembatan Koyod ,5 BM kelas 4 3 IPAL Cisirung ,7 BM kelas 4 4 Nanjung ,5 BM kelas 4 5 Outlet Jatiluhur ,5 BM kelas 4 6 Bendung Walahar BM kelas 4 7 Tunggak Jati ,5 BM kelas 4 Citarum river has been contaminated. Based on BBSWC (2018), there ara organic and anorganic waste around ton/day in Citarum river and 71% not transported. About textile industries around Citarum and 90% do not have IPAL (BPLHD Prov. Jabar, 2018) IPAL Cisirung Status baku mutu air : Kelas 4 (cemar berat) Nanjung Status baku mutu air : Kelas 4 (cemar berat) Jembatan Koyod Status baku mutu air : Kelas 4 (cemar berat) Bendung Wangisagara Status baku mutu air : Kelas 4 (cemar berat) Sumber : SLHD, Tahun

10 10 REPUBLIK INDONESIA How to address the Issues Policy Direction Conservation, Maintenance and Recovery of Water Sources and Ecosystem Conserve/protect water sources in 15 priority basins Improve water quality Reducing sedimentation in strategic Lakes and Reservoir Increase water storage capacity to 19 billion m3 Revitalize river condition in 5 strategic river basins. Improve Hydrology and Climatology Data Acquisition in 8 River Basins Community Development Inter-agency Coordination on WRM Adequate O&M capacity in 33 WS Institutional Improvement Water Security Fulfillment of the supply of water for basic daily use Increase bulk water supply to 118,6 m3/s Provide bulk water supply in small islands and remote areas. Increase flood design capacity to Q100 Develop 663,4 km coastal protection Flood forecasting system in 33 Balais Integrated management of coastal areas Improve flood mitigation Increasing resilience to water related disasters and adaptation to climate change Managing the supply of water for economic productivity Increase supply for irrigation from reservoir to 20% Develop 1 million ha irrigation system Rehabilitate 3 million ha irrigation Develop 1,3 GW Hydropower from potential 75 GW.

11 Catchment Area Priority in Integrated catchment area management which one increased nuber of springs and restoration of 15 catchment area priorities. Source : RPJMN

12 12 12 Non-Structural Activities to Mantain Water Security There are many non-structural activities to support water security (based on RPJMN ) : Increased community involvement in forest based on catchment area management; Improving the quality of regional spatial plans (RTRW) on catchment area based; Structuring community activities, agriculture, industry based on the spatial plan of the region of catchment area Strengthening dam operational and management units Improvement of hydrological monitoring system and water quality in 15 priority lakes / critical lakes Integrated river restoration in Citarum and Ciliwung Cisadane River Mitigation of river pollution through structural and non structural efforts such as the acceleration of sanitation development and sewage treatment in river banks

13 REPUBLIK INDONESIA Implementation of User Pays Principle through the Cost of Water Resource Management Services (CWRMS) Problem: Limited government funds for natural resource management Needs: Mantain the reliability of water quality and quantity CWRMS Regulation of MOPW NO.18/M/PRT/2015, Article 3 The exploitation and maintenance fees for irrigation buildings are charged to users as license holders of water resources. The exploitation and maintenance fees in water buildings hereinafter referred to as the Cost of Water Resources Management Services (CWRMS) is used to finance the management of water resources. Include: 1. Information system fee; 2. Planning fee; 3. Construction fee; 4. Operation and maintenance fee; and 5. Monitoring, evaluation, and community empowerment fee. CWRMS is not a payment for water prices, but rather a replacement of some from the costs required for water resources management. 13

14 14 REPUBLIK INDONESIA CWRMS CALCULATION Calculating the cost of managing water resources CWRMS Fare = CWRM x EBV (%) Volume m3 or KwH Calculates the economic benefit value for each user group Calculate the unit value cost of water resources management services CWRMS : Rp/m3, Rp/Kwh CWRM : Cost of Water Resource Management (Rp) EBV : Economic Benefit Value (%) Volume : Volume water that used by user group (m3) Electricity : Electricity generated by Hydro Power Conducting the calculation of CWRMS acceptance rate to stakeholders Discussing the simulation results with the stakeholders by considering the implementation impact of the CWRMS to the products economic level of the water resource users Propose the amount of CWRMS unit value to the Minister, Governor or Regent / Mayor. Permen MOPW Regulation No.08/PRT/M/2014 MOPW Decision No.438/KPTS/M/2014 Substansi The CWRMS tariff for hydropower (> 10 MW) uses the approach per River Region and marginal cost. For existing hydropower using BJPSDA tariff that already valid. The CWRMS tariff for hydropower (<10 MW) based on zoning following zoning on feed in tariff from Ministry of ESDM. There is a grace period of 8 years. shall be conducted by The Tariff Evaluation Team determined by Minister

15 15 15 Conclusion The conclusion from this topic : 1. Indonesia has very large potential of water and still little use. Water availability potential is (10 6 m 3 /yr) with actual water availability is (10 6 m 3 /yr). 2. Water recources problems are water scarcity, high sedimentation and erosion rate, critical lakes, decrease in water quality, and land conversion to urban areas. 3. Policy direction to maintain water security : a. Conservation, Maintenance and Recovery of Water Sources and Ecosystem b. Fulfillment of the supply of water for basic daily use c. Managing the supply of water for economic productivity d. Increasing resilience to water related disasters and adaptation to climate change e. Institutional Improvement 4. CWRMS is financing scheme for exploitation and maintenance in water buildings.

16 THANK YOU 16 16