1. All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food. a. Interaction b. Chain c. Network d. Web

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1 Ecology Unit Test DO NOT WRITE ON TEST!!! Take a deep breath, take your time, and make sure you understand exactly what the question is asking you. For true/false, fill in the correct bubble ( A for true and B for false). Good Luck!!! 1. All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food. a. Interaction b. Chain c. Network d. Web 2. According to the diagram to the right, which organisms are considered secondary consumers? a. It s impossible to tell b. Kelp Crab and Sea Urchins c. Northern Elephant Seals d. Sea Otters and Horn Sharks 3. What animals eat both producers and consumers? a. Autotrophs b. Chemotrophs c. Herbivores d. Omnivores 4. The feeding levels on an energy pyramid or food chain are called what? a. Energy path b. Food chain c. Food pyramid d. Trophic level 5. A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which pair of ecological terms describes the bird in this interaction? a. Autotroph, herbivore b. Carnivore, consumer c. Herbivore, decomposer d. Producer, heterotroph 6. The word that means the same thing as consumer is. a. Autotroph b. Carbohydrate c. Heterotroph d. Producer 7. Plants are. a. Producers b. Consumers c. Herbivores d. Omnivores

2 Use the diagram below to answer questions The algae at the beginning of the food chain above are. a. Decomposers b. Heterotrophs d. Primary consumers 9. Looking at the diagram above. Which organisms would be considered the tertiary (third-level) consumers? a. Algae b. Shark c. Small Fishes d. Squid e. Zooplankton 10. Looking at the diagram above, how much energy does the third-level (tertiary) consumer get if the producers provide 1000 calories to the first-level (primary) consumers? a. 1 Calorie b. 10 Calories c. 100 Calories d Calories e. 10,000 Calories 11. Where is the most total energy available in a food web? a. From the producers level b. From the primary consumers level c. From the secondary consumers level d. From the top-level predators 12. Only a small percentage of the energy taken in by an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. The remaining energy is used for the organism s life processes and is. a. Eliminated as heat b. Stored as body tissue c. Stored as fat d. Used in reproduction

3 13. What is the best explanation for how most of the energy exits ecosystems? a. Decomposers return most of it to the air b. Decomposers return most of it to the ground c. Energy doesn t exit ecosystems, it is just recycled by plants d. Heat energy produced by respiration is radiated back out into the air and out into space Use the diagram to the right to answer questions The letter A represents what trophic level? a. Decomposers b. Primary Consumers d. Secondary Consumers 15. The letter B represents what trophic level? a. Decomposers b. Primary Consumers d. Secondary Consumers 16. The letter C represents what trophic level? a. Decomposers b. Primary Consumers d. Secondary Consumers 17. What do the arrows represent in the diagram? a. Birth b. Competition c. Death d. Energy 18. If the size of the arrows represented exactly what was going on, then what would they look like? a. Arrow E would be the smallest. b. Arrow E would be much larger than arrow F. c. Arrow F would be much larger than arrow E. d. Arrow G would be the biggest. e. The arrows would look exactly like they do in the diagram now. 19. The cyclical movement of water between earth s surface and the atmosphere is called. a. Evaporation b. The condensation cycle c. The water cycle d. Precipitation

4 20. Which part of the water cycle is a biological (living) process? a. Condensation b. Precipitation c. Transpiration d. Runoff 21. The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because. a. Energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle b. Energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as heat c. Energy is limited in the biosphere, and nutrients are always available d. Nutrients flow in one direction, and energy recycles 22. Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by. a. Bacteria b. Cows c. Humans d. Plants 23. Water lilies do not grow in desert sand because water availability to these plants is what? a. A limiting factor b. The carrying capacity c. The competition factor d. The logistic growth curve 24. (True/False) In the carbon cycle, producers release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis. 25. What process must take place in order for organisms to use nitrogen? a. Nitrogen Combustion b. Nitrogen Fixation c. Nitrogen Photosynthesis d. Nitrogen Respiration 26. Which of the following processes directly involves organisms in the nitrogen cycle? a. Decomposition b. Denitrification c. Nitrogen Fixation d. All of the above

5 Use the diagram of the carbon cycle above to answer questions In the diagram of the carbon cycle, which letter represents processes that DO NOT directly involve living organisms? a. A b. B c. C d. D 28. Which letter represents photosynthesis? a. A b. B c. C d. D 29. In the cycle, there is one way that humans (and no other animal) are adding large amounts of carbon back into the atmosphere. Which letter represents that activity? a. A b. B c. C d. D

6 30. In water cycle, the processes of and directly involve living organisms. a. Evaporation, condensation b. Evaporation, precipitation c. Runoff, seepage d. Uptake, transpiration 31. Animals that get energy by eating the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of natural causes are called. a. Scavengers b. Omnivores c. Heterotrophs d. Detritivores 32. What is at the base of all ecological pyramids? a. Consumers b. Decomposers d. Scavengers 33. A wolf pack hunts, kills, and feeds on a moose. In this interaction, the wolves are. a. Hosts b. Mutualists c. Prey d. Predators 34. How is parasitism different from commensalism? a. Both organisms benefit in parasitism and only one organism benefits in commensalism. b. One organism benefits in parasitism and no organisms benefit in commensalism. c. One organism is harmed in parasitism and both organisms are harmed in commensalism. d. One organism is harmed in parasitism and no organisms are harmed in commensalism. 35. What would happen if the population of the bird species shown in the ecosystem in the picture above were to suddenly decrease? a. The grass and fish would compete for resources. b. The grass population would increase. c. The fish population would increase. d. The fish would occupy the birds niche.

7 36. The graph above shows how population of predator and prey change over time and are dependent on each other. Does the solid line represent the predator or the prey? a. Actually, it represents the decomposers in the ecosystem. b. It s impossible to tell. c. Predator d. Prey 37. An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants is called. a. Carnivory b. Herbivory c. Predation d. Symbiosis 38. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is. a. Commensalisms b. Mutualism c. Predation d. Parasitism 39. Which of the following puts the following terms in order from smallest group to the largest? a. Community, organism, population, ecosystem b. Ecosystem, community, population, organism c. Organism, population, community, ecosystem d. Population, ecosystem, organism, community 40. Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT. a. Plant life b. Rainfall c. Soil type d. Temperature

8 41. By reading the passage on the right, what is the abiotic factor that the survivor is having a hard time dealing with? a. Insect biodiversity b. Predators c. The hot and dry climate d. The soil Paul was stranded in southwestern Utah. Knowing that there are many dangers he could face, including predators, he decides to prioritize his survival needs. With the dry air and the wind, his body could dry out quickly. He has recently run out of water and thinks that perhaps he can just wait for it to rain. Then he remembers that rain doesn t happen much in this environment. He sees plenty of things to eat, including a wide variety of insects. He searches long and hard for a clean stream, finally finding one that he thinks can provide him with drinkable water. He finally finds a small enclosure that he can take shelter in during the day to reduce the amount of water he has lost. 42. Mrs. Anderson can grow a wider variety of fruits and vegetables in her garden than her in-laws, who live in Idaho. Which of the following is an abiotic factor that makes it more difficult to grow the same crops in Idaho? a. Mrs. Anderson s parents just aren t as good at gardening as Mrs. Anderson is. b. There are more raccoons in Idaho and they like to eat many of the crops there. c. There are too many invasive species in Idaho. d. The growing season is shorter in Idaho because of a different climate. 43. Which of the following would you observe if you were trying to establish a relationship between an abiotic and biotic factor? a. The number of fish in a stream compared to the size that the fish grow. b. The number of plants on the shoreline producing shade and the temperature of the water. c. The temperature of the air and the temperature of the water. d. The temperature of the water and the dissolved oxygen content. 44. Many people are concerned about the fact that entire honeybee colonies are disappearing. This is dangerous because these bees are responsible for pollinating many of the plants that humans use for food. Which of the following statements best describes this issue. a. Honeybees are extremely important abiotic factors to the human ecosystem. b. Honeybees are extremely important biotic factors to the human ecosystem. c. Honeybees aren t abiotic or biotic; they are simply factors that are in the ecosystem. d. Scientists are overreacting because the plants that humans depend on for food don t really need the honeybees.

9 Name Period OPEN RESPONSE: Underline the Observation(s). Circle the Inference(s) Fossil A is fondly named Tylo. Fossil B is fondly named Dolly. Tylo had a long body and tail. It probably swam with an eel-like movement. Thus we suppose it was a much slower swimmer than Dolly Because Tylo was a slower swimmer there were probably two ways it might have caught Dolly to eat it: either Dolly was dead (and Tylo scavenged) or Tylo made a surprise attack. We can see from Dolly skeletons that its blind spot was immediately behind and below its body. We can assume that could have been the direction of a surprise attack sentence Essay: What is the value of one species in an ecosystem? Because this is your first essay in this class, I am going to guide you through the process. In the future, you may not receive guiding hints like this. You should write in complete sentence form. Watch your spelling and grammar. Also, if I cannot read your writing, don t expect points. Use appropriate VOCABULARY (You know a few biology words now!)