Summary of the Preliminary Study for Grant Aid Project

Transcription

1 Summary of the Preliminary Study for Grant Aid Project 1. Title of the Cooperation Project The Project for Water Supply Development in Itay El-Barud Markaz, Beheira Governorate in the Arab Republic of Egypt 2. Categorization and its Reason 2.1 Categorization: Category B 2.2 Reason: (1) Significant negative impacts are not expected at this Preliminary Study stage. However, the proposed project is likely to have possible impacts on Waste, Sanitation, Hazards (Risk), Soil Erosion, Landscape, Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil Contamination, Waste, Noise and vibration, Offensive Odor, and Accident. Therefore, measurement to avoid and minimize the possible impacts shall be needed. (2) The proposed project is likely to process on the basis of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) procedure according to the Law Number 4 of 1994 (The Environmental Law of the Arab Republic of Egypt). Therefore, NOPWASD (National Organization for Portable Water and Sanitary Drainage) needs to start taking action complying with the Environmental Law. 3. Outline of the Location 3.1 General Beheira Governorate belongs to Alexandria Region with Alexandria and Matrouh Governorate. Beheira Governorate is the second biggest Governorate in Egypt. Beheira Governorate is bordered by Rosetta Nile River branch in the East, Alexandria and Marsa Matrouh in the West, the Mediterranean Sea in the North, and Elmonofya and Giza governorate in the South. The area of Beheira Governorate is about 9,122 Km 2. (Total urban inhabited area 405 Km 2, Total rural inhabited area 5,385 Km 2, Total desert area 3,332 Km 2 ). Beheira Governorate consists of 15 Markaz (Administrative Centers) with 105 Municipalities. Itay El-Barud Markaz is bounded by Shobrakheit in the north, Koum Hamada in the south, the Nile Branch (Rasheed Branch) in the east, and El delingat in the west. Itay El-Barud Markaz is the 5th biggest Markaz in Beheira Governorate in terms of population. The area of Itay El-Barud Markaz is about 310 Km 2, sharing 3.4% of the Beheira Governorate. (Total urban inhabited area 14 Km 2, Total rural inhabited area 297 Km 2. Itay El-Barud Markaz consists of 9 Municipalities. 1

2 3.2 Population Estimated population of Beheira Governorate in 2007 is about 5 million. Population of the Itay El-Barud Markaz is about 433,000, sharing 8.5% of Beheira Governorate. 3.3 Economy The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Structure by Sector of Beheira Governorate is the following table. Social and Personal Services account for 17.5% of the GDP in year of 2006/2007. Manufacturing Industries, Petroleum and Natural Gas, Trade and Finance, and Agriculture and Fishery sector share 17.2%, 16.5%, 15.2 %, and 13.4%, respectively. Table 1 GDP Structure by Sector of Beheira Governorate Economic Activities 1981/ /2007 Agriculture and Fishery 18.8% 13.4% Manufacturing Industries 12.7% 17.2% Petroleum and Natural Gas 12.6% 16.5% Electricity 0.7% 1.8% Construction 5.4% 4.2% Tourism 1.0% 3.5% Transportation and Storage 8.7% 10.1% Communication 2.2% Trade and Finance 18.9% 15.2% Social and Personal Services 19.8% 17.5% Total 100.0% 100.0% Source: Socio-economic Development, Five-Year Plan (2007/2008~2011/2012), Ministry of Economic Development. 3.4 Meteorology Climate of Beheira is temperate to hot and dry during summer season (May to October), while warm and few rainy in winter season (November to February). Monthly average rates of meteorological elements are following table. Max.Temp. ( ) Min.Temp. ( ) Humidity (%) Rain Fall (mm) Table 2 Monthly average rates of meteorological elements at Damanhour Station Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec Source: The Statistical Year Book, June 2004, Central Agency for Public mobilization & Statistics 2

3 3.5 Ecology The Nile River and its delta form a typical river oasis. From Lake Nasser in the south to the apex of the delta roughly at Cairo in the north, the Nile Valley averages 10 km in width. The Delta is 166 km from its apex to the Mediterranean coast and is 250 km in width. After at least 7,000 years of human activities, this river oasis is said to be essentially a man-made ecosystem and the area is extensively cultivated. (Source: Egypt s Biodiversity, Egyptian Environmental Authority Agency, 2002). Egypt is about 94% desert. Egypt currently has 23 protected areas. Estimated number of species in Egypt is following table. No protected area is designated in Beheira Governorate. Table 3 Estimated number of species in Egypt Flora Fauna No. of species No. of endemic species No. endangered species Viruses 44 Not known Not known Bacteria 238 Not known Not known Fungi 1,260 Not known Not known Algae 1,148 Not known Not known Non-flowing vascular plants 337 Not known Not known Flowing plants 2, Insects 10,000 Not known Not known Other invertebrates 4,701 Not known Not known Fresh water fishes 85 0 Not known Marine fishes Amphibians Terrestrial reptiles Marine reptiles Resident and breeding birds Migratory and wintering birds 320 Not known 15 Terrestrial mammals Marine mammals Bats Source: Egypt s Biodiversity, Egyptian Environmental Authority Agency, 2002 of 3

4 3.6 Environmental Concerns The biggest environmental concern is likely to be water contamination due to lack of sanitary services. According to the existing information (Outlook of Beheira Governorate), the environmental issues are summarized as follows; (1) Waterway Pollution The Governorate waterway pollution is a major existing environmental problem that directory affects the public health of the population, especially in view of the fact that Beheira includes the biggest number of waterway and drain canals. This waterway pollution has caused the spread and settlement of many diseases such as Bilharzia, Inklistoma, Fashyoula, in addition to renal and liver failure. (2) Pollution from Solid Wastes (Garbage) The accumulation of solid wastes is a major pollution source in most local and rural units inside the governorate, due to lack of public dumping sites, equipment, human resources, and so on. (3) Pollution from Hazardous Medical Wastes Hazardous medical wastes are divided into solid and liquid medical wastes, which pose great lethal threats against human health. (4) Brick Factories Governorate includes 120 clay brick factories centered in the districts of Kom Hamada, Shabrakhit, Rasheed, Wadi El-Natroon, and others. This constitutes a major environmental problem due to emissions resulting from the operation of these industries. 3.7 Human and Social Development Indicator Some Human and Social Development Indicator are following table. Table 4 Human and Social Development Indicator Indicator 1981/ /2007 Infant mortality Rate (per 1,000 newborn children) Birth Rate (per thousand) Mortality Rate (per thousand ) Rate of beneficiary households rate from electrical services 95.1% 99.3% Rate of beneficiary households rate from potable water 82.6% 95.6% Rate of beneficiary households rate from sanitation 45.1% 50.5% Source: Socio-economic Development, Five-Year Plan (2007/2008~2011/2012), Ministry of Economic Development. 4

5 4. Legal Framework of Environmental and Social Considerations 4.1 Law Relative laws, regulations and framework refer to appendix Projects (Establishments) subject to the provisions on Evaluation of Environmental Impact According to the executive regulations of Environment Law No. 4 of 1994, these establishments shall be determined according to the following basic controls; Table 5 Projects (Establishments) subject to the provisions on Evaluation of Environmental Impact First: Type of the Establishment s activity 1. Industrial establishments subject to the provisions of Laws No. 21 of the year 1985 concerning Reorganization and Promotion of Industries, and Law No. 55 of the year 1977 concerning the Establishment and Operation of Thermal Machines and Steam Boilers. 2. Tourist Establishments which are subject to the provisions of: *Law No. 1 of the year 1973 concerning Hotel Establishments. *Law No. 38 of the year 1977 concerning the Reorganization of Travel and Tourist Companies. *Law No. 117 of the year 1983 on Protection of Antiquities. *Law No. 1 of 1992 the year concerning Tourist Places. 3. Establishments operating in the field of oil prospection, extraction, refining, storage, and transport, which are subject to the provisions of: *Law No. 6 of the year 1974 authorizing the Minister of Petroleum to sign oil prospection contracts. *Law No. 4 of the year 1988 concerning Oil Pipelines. 4. Power generating establishments which are subject to the provisions of: *Law No. 145 of the year 1948 concerning the Establishment of the Electricity and Gas Department for Cairo city. *Law No. 63 of the year 1974 concerning the Establishments of the Electricity Sector. *Law No. 12 of the year 1976 concerning the Establishments of the Egyptian Electricity Authority. *Law No. 13 of the year 1976 concerning the Establishments of the Nuclear Stations for Power Generation. *Law No. 27 of the year 1976 concerning the Establishing of the Rural Electricity Authority. *Law No. 102 of the year 1986 concerning the Establishing of the New and Renewable Energy Development and Utilization Authority. 5. Establishments operating in mines and quarries, and in the production of building materials, which are subject to the provisions of: *Law No. 66 of the year 1953 concerning Mines and Quarries. *Law No. 86 of the year 1956 concerning Mines and Quarries. 5

6 6. All infrastructure projects, including stations for sanitary drainage treatment and re-use of their waters, or treatment of agricultural drainage waters, and projects of irrigation, roads, bridges, barrages, tunnels, airports, sea ports, railway stations, and others. 7. Any other establishment, activity or project which is likely to produce a considerable impact on environment and whereby a Decree shall be issued by the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) with the competent administrative entity. SECOND: Establishments Subject to Evaluation of Environmental Impact, According to their Sites: Including those set up on the banks of the Nile, its Branches, and the main canals, or in tourist and monumental areas, or in the areas where population is in excess, or on the sea and lake shores, or in the Protectorates. THIRD: Extent of the Establishment s Consumption of Natural Resources: Including those which cause the scraping of agricultural land, desertification, removing gatherings of trees and palm trees, or polluting water resources, especially the River Nile and its Branches, as well as the lakes or the underground water. FOURTH: Kind of Energy Used in Operating the Establishment: 1. Fixed Establishments operated and run by thermal fuel and from which are produced emissions exceeding the permissible limits. 2. Establishments using nuclear fuel in their operation. Source: The Law and the Executive Regulations of the Law on Environment, The Middle East Library For Economic Services, Nov Outline of Relevant Agency and Institution which implement Project, EIA and so on 5.1 Responsible and Implementing Agency of the Project The responsible agency is the Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities. The implementing Agency is National Organization for Portable Water and Sanitary Drainage (NOPWASD).The Operating and Maintenance Agency is Beheira Water and Drainage Company (BWADC). 5.2 Agency setting the principles and procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) is an agency setting the principles and procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of projects. In June 1997, the responsibility of Egypt's first full time Minister of State for Environmental affairs was assigned as stated in the Presidential Decree no.275/1997. From thereon, the new ministry has focused, in close collaboration with the national and international development partners, on defining environmental policies, setting priorities and implementing initiatives within a context of sustainable development. According to the Law 4/1994 for the Protection of the Environment, the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) was restructured with the new mandate to substitute the institution initially established in At the central level, EEAA represents the executive arm of the Ministry. (Source: Web Site, EEAA) 6

7 6. Outline of the Project, Analysis of Alternatives 6.1 Proposed Project The objective of the Proposed Project is to improve hygiene condition of people of Itay El-Barud Markaz, Beheira Governorate by construction of a new water treatment plant. Items requested by the government of the Arab Republic of Egypt are as table 6. Table 6 Requested items by the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt Beneficiaries People of Itay El-Barud Markaz (District) Construction of new water treatment plant Requested Items (a) Water intake facilities (including fine screens) (b) Raw water pumps (c) Water treatment facilities (Receiving well, Flush mixer, Flocculation basin, Sedimentation basin, Rapid sand filter and chemical dosing facilities) (d) Sludge treatment facilities (e) Treated water reservoirs (f) Water distribution pumps (g) Laboratory equipment (h) Operation control facility (i) Power receiving and transforming facilities (j) Emergency generator (k) Building works (Chemical building and control / Monitoring building) (l) Yard piping 6.2 Comparative Examination of Alternatives Alternatives including a proposed site and other alternative, and zero option (without project) were compared. As a result, the proposed location is though to be only a site suitable for the Project. Table 7 Comparison among alternatives Location Proposed Site Newly construction at Itay El-Barud City. The land is Description No resettlement is expected including involuntary resettlement. There are two 7

8 Alternative secured. Official letter is already issued by Beheira Governorate to NOPWASD for Water Treatment Plant. Newly construction at any other suitable place along the canal in Itay El-Barud Markaz. schools in north side, and residential area in west side. Therefore, measurements are necessary to reduce noise level during construction and operation. Almost of the land is utilized for agricultural areas that generate income for farmers. Therefore, no alternative land is available except the proposed site. Zero option Without Project Least negative impact. However, enough potable water cannot be supplied for residents in Itay El-Barud Markaz. 7. Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts 7.1 Site description of the proposed project Site description of the proposed project is as following table. Table 8 Site Description of the Proposed Project Social Environment Present Situation Affected and/or related peoples/groups: (Livelihood/ Population/ Gender factor/ Residents/ Squatters/ NGOs/ the Poor/ Indigenous, Ethnic and Vulnerable People/ People s perception to the project, etc.) Land Use and Utilization of local resources: (Urban area/ Farmlands/ Industrial and Commercial Zone/ Historic site/ Scenic spot/ Fishing ground/ Coastal industrial zone/ Historical assets, 8 Description -Itay El-Barud Markaz (District) is bounded by Shobrakheit in the north, Koum Hamada in the south, the Nile Branch (Rasheed Branch) in the east, and El delingat in the west. -Itay El-Barud Markaz is the 5th biggest Markaz in Beheira Governorate in terms of population. The area of Itay El-Barud Markaz is about 310 Km2, sharing 3.4% of the Beheira Governorate. (Total urban inhabited area 14 Km2, Total rural inhabited area 297 Km2. Itay El-Barud Markaz consists of 9 Municipalities. -Population of the Itay El-Barud Markazis about 433,000 as of 2008, sharing 8.5% of Beheira Governorate. -The proposed site is now open space owned by Beheira Governorate. No involuntary resettlement is expected. -The most land is used for agricultural purpose. The ratio of agricultural area reaches about 87 % of the total area of Itay El-Barud Markaz. -The proposed project site was utilized for agriculture land by 7 years ago. The site

9 Natural Environment Pollution etc.) Public Facilities/ Social Institutions: (Local decision-making institutions/ Education/ Transportation network/ Drinking water/ Wells, Reservoirs, Water supply/ Electricity/ Sewerage/ Garbage, Bus or Ferry terminal, etc.) Economy: (Agriculture/ Fishery/ Industry/ Commerce/ Tourism, etc.) Public Health and Sanitation: (Illness/ Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Hospitals, Sanitary habits, etc) Topography and Geology: (Steep Slopes/ Soft Ground/ Wetlands/ Faults, etc.) Flora and Fauna, and their habitats: (Protected area/ National parks/ Habitats of rare species/ Mangroves/ Coral reefs/ Aquatic life, etc.) Coast and Marine Zone: (Erosion/ Sedimentation/ Current/ Tide/ Water depth/ Current, etc.) Lakes, River System, Coast and/or Climate: (Water quality and quantity, Rainfall, etc.) Present Pollution: (Air, Water, Sewage, Noise, Vibration, etc.) Complaints which people have utmost concern: Measures taken for pollution: (Institutional measures such as regulation/ Compensation, etc.) is now open space owned by Beheira Governorate. However, partly used for temporally dumping site for construction sand. -The numbers of pre-school, primary, preparatory, secondary, and technical secondary school are total 212 under governmental & free private education. There are also 44 school under Al Azhar educations in Itay El-Barud Markaz. -Itay El-Barud Markaz is important farming district. The most important agricultural crops are cotton, wheat, rice, salts and beans. -There are 2 city hospitals, 5 village hospitals, and 18 rural health clinics. Dominant illness likely to be kidney failure and liver fibrosis. -Topographical feature of Itay El-Barud Markaz is flat land. -Egypt is about 94% desert. Egypt currently has 23 protected areas. Estimated number of species in Egypt is following table. No protected area is designated in Beheira Governorate. -Itay El-Barud Markaz is inland district. Proposed Water Treatment Plant is not faced any coast and marine zone. -Proposed water intake site is located along the Khandaq El-Sharqi Canal. -The biggest environmental concern is likely to be water contamination due to lack of sanitary services. -Lack of sanitary services -There are Canals and Drains Water Quality Monitoring Network. Source: Field survey, Existing data and information, Web site of Beheira Governorate, and hearing from local residents. 7.2 Adverse Impacts The possible adverse impact that may be caused by the proposed project is shown in table 9. 9

10 Table 9 Possible Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts at each phase Planning Phase Construction Phase Operation Phase Likely Impacts No. 1 Involuntary Resettlement Overall Rating Land acquisition Change of Land use plan, Restriction of Various Activities by constructing new facilities Construction of Filtration Facilities Construction of Pipelines Operation of Construction Equipment and Vehicles In taking Excessive Water from Canal Operation of related facilities Treatment of dried sludge Appearance/ Occupancy of related building structures 2 Local economy such as employment and livelihood, etc. 3 Land use and utilization of local resources Social Environment: 4 Social institutions such as social infrastructure and local decision-making institutions 5 Existing social infrastructures and services C C 6 The poor, indigenous and ethnic people 7 Misdistribution of benefit and damage 8 Cultural heritage 9 Local conflict of interests 10 Water Usage or Water Rights and Rights of Common 11 Sanitation B B B 12 Hazards (Risk), Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS B B Natural Environment 13 Topography and Geographical features C C C 14 Groundwater 15 Soil Erosion B B B 16 Hydrological Situation C 17 River, Lake, Coastal Zone 18 Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity 19 Meteorology C 20 Landscape B B 21 Global Warming C C C Pollutio n 22 Air Pollution B B B 23 Water Pollution B B B B B 10

11 24 Soil Contamination B B 25 Waste B B B B 26 Noise and Vibration B B B 27 Ground Subsidence C C C 28 Offensive Odor B B B 29 Bottom sediment 30 Accidents B B Rating Criteria: A: Serious impact is expected. B: Some impact is expected. C: Extent of impact is unknown (Impacts may become clear as study progresses.) No Mark: No impact is expected. 8. Mitigation and Monitoring Measures for Key Impacts The mitigation measures for the key impacts show in table 10. Table 10 Assumed Mitigation Measures Likely Impacts Rating Impact severity (e.g. magnitude, area extent, duration, frequency, reversibility, likelihood of occurrence) Sanitation B Sanitary condition likely to be worse if temporary toilet and waste collection facilities are not installed at site during construction phase. Risk B Possible out flowing of chemicals such as chlorine to canal. Soil Erosion Landscape B Out flowing of soil from planned intake point may happen during rain at construction phase. B Landscape likely change from open area to artificial structure. Air pollution B Air pollutants likely to increase as operation of construction equipment and vehicles during construction phase. Assumed mitigation measures NOPWASD leads contractor properly to implement construction works. Temporary toilet and waste collection bin need to be installed for workers. To provide a proper design. To provide manual in the event of emergency. Operation Phase: To conduct regular water quality monitoring. Contractor needs to install silt-protector to avoid silt deposition from planned intake point during construction. To prepare proper design to match with landscape surrounding. To provide a proper operation plan for heavy vehicles. To provide proper construction and heavy vehicles in order to reduce the volume of emission gas. To maintain construction and heavy vehicles condition properly. 11

12 Water pollution Soil Contamination B Effluent from concrete works likely to occur at construction phase. B There is some possibility that soil is contaminated by effluent from concrete works. Waste B Construction waste and solid waste at construction phase likely increase the volume of waste. Dried sludge is generated at operation phase of Water Treatment Plant. Noise vibration and B Noise and vibration likely to occur at operation phase by increased operation of construction equipment and vehicles. Offensive Odor B Possible offensive odor at operation phase by gaseous missions from construction vehicles. Accident B Traffic accidents likely to occur at construction phase due to increase of construction vehicles. Rating Criteria: B: Some impact is expected. To plan proper water treatment system and water quality monitoring. To treat water from concrete works properly. To conduct water quality monitoring at canal. Operation Phase: To conduct regular water quality monitoring at canal. To prepare proper plan to prevent water from concrete works. To treat water from concrete works properly. Study Phase: To consult with relative agency on usage of dried sludge for agricultural land without adverse impact. Pilot study may be necessary to secure the safety of the usage of dried sludge To prepare proper construction plan to minimize waste from construction works. To prepare solid waste management plan complying with Solid Waste Regulations. To implement proper waste management. Operation Phase: To conduct proper waste management. To prepare proper facility design and construction schedule. To inform the construction schedule to residents and schools in advance. To control construction works at night. To prepare construction vehicles operation plan to minimize offensive odor. To maintain construction and heavy vehicles condition properly. To consult with relative agencies such as Itay El-Barud City, police station, and schools to avoid traffic accidents. To disseminate right information on construction schedule through newspaper, TV and radio. To implement safety control measure such as assignment of traffic safety controller and information signboard. 12

13 9. Whether another Environmental and Social Considerations Studies is required at this stage or not? The proposed project is likely to process on the basis of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) procedure according to the Law Number 4 of 1994 (The Environmental Law of the Arab Republic of Egypt). Therefore, NOPWASD (National Organization for Portable Water and Sanitary Drainage) needs to start taking action complying with the Environmental Law. End 13

14 Appendix 1 Relative laws, regulations and framework Laws - Law No. 4 of 1994 for the Environment and its Executive Regulations - Law No. 48 of 1982 for the Protection of the River Nile and Waterways against Pollution - Law No. 57 of 1978 on getting rid of polls and swamps and prevention of digging works - Law No. 102 of 1983 for Natural Protectorates and related Prime Ministerial Decrees declaring Protected Areas Action Plan - The National Environmental Action Plan of Egypt 2002/2017 Regulations - Guidelines for Egyptian Environmental Impact Assessment 14