Towards the development of an Integrated Sustainability and Resilience Benefits Assessment (SRBA) framework of urban projects

Transcription

1 Towards the development of an Integrated Sustainability and Resilience Benefits Assessment (SRBA) framework of urban projects S. Grafakos A. Gianoli, A. Tsatsou, L. D Acci IHS, Erasmus University Rotterdam

2 Funded by the World Bank on going work

3 Objective To develop a methodology that would allow project developers and urban policy makers to assess and verify the sustainability and resilience benefits of an urban project in order to attract investments

4 Components of a Green Growth Program There are three important components, a fourth, which is done through all stages, is an appropriate monitoring, reporting and verification framework to ensure transparency. Project Identification Outreach to stakeholders Engagement with partners Coordination Screening Benefits Assessment Certification Green Branding Pipeline development Identify funding sources Match-making (project-to-funding source) Channeling of funds Financing Monitoring, Reporting, Verification

5 Source: The Vision, Sustainable Sydney 2030 u r b a n Source: World landscape architect, Green river project Moscow Source: Henning Larsen Architects, train station for the new city of Vinge, Copenaghen p r o j e c t s Source: Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, New Haven, Transbay Transit Center, S. Francisco Source: 2 6 km light rail line in Newcastle Source: Luchtsingel pedestrian bridge on Test Site Rotterdam. Photo: ZUS

6 Integrating urban agendas Climate Change Mitigation Basic service delivery and local development Disaster Risk Reduction Climate change adaptation Source: Satterthwaite (2014)

7 Extensive Literature Review Scientific literature review - Sectoral sustainability assessment methodologies - City wide sustainability assessment methodologies - Clean Development Mechanism sustainable development assessments Practitioners methodologies and tools - Rating Tools and methodologies to measure infrastructure projects sustainability - Green buildings Rating methodologies (LEED, BREAM, etc.) - City indices approaches (Green City Index, Sustainable City Index, etc.) - Climate community Biodiversity certificates

8 Main methodological issues 1) Sectoral vs Holistic framework 2) Selection of SB categories 3) Selection of SB indicators 4) Quantitative vs qualitative indicators 5) Defining reference for measuring SB 6) Aggregation (Index vs Framework of indicators) 7) Weighting 8) Spatial/equity aspects 9) Time aspects

9 MULTI SECTORAL URBAN SECTORS: Energy Transport Green Water Waste

10 MULTI SECTORAL URBAN SECTORS: Energy Transport Water Waste Green

11 MULTI SECTORAL URBAN SECTORS: Energy Transport Water Waste Green

12 Systems Approach Interactions of Ecological and Socio-economic Systems Urban metabolism Different ecological Functions, Ecosystem Services Institutional set up Adjusted from Rawetz (2000), Picket et al., 2004 and OECD (2012)

13 Resilience aspects Resilience: system s ability to handle constant change, shocks and turbulences but also to enhance learning and reorganization, Reactive and proactive (Picket et al., 2004; ESDN, 2012) Learning and re-organization Adjusted from Rawetz (2000), Picket et al., (2004) and OECD (2012)

14 INTEGRATED BENEFITS: Sustainability categories Social Environmental Economic Institutional Resilience aspects Risk reduction Climate Change Efficiency of Resources Learning Institutional enhancement Primary Secondary Tertiary

15 INTEGRATED MULTI DIMENSIONAL Environmental Benefits Social Benefits Economic Benefits Institutional Benefits Air Health, safety and risk Growth Governance Revenues from Resource Land Welfare recovery Knowledge Water Urban services Balance of payments Networks Resource conservation/ Education and Capacity efficiency Building Biodiversity Climate change

16 Environmental Benefits Social Benefits Economic Benefits Institutional Benefits INTEGRATED MULTIDIMENSIONAL MULTI SECTORAL Air Health, safety and risk reduction Growth Governance Sink function Lives saved Promotion of local economic development Coordination (vertical/horizontal) between departments/government institutions Reduction of air pollution (Emissions/waste) Reduction of diseases Increased investment opportunities Improvement of outdoor air quality (Quality of Reduction of accidents Reduced impact on land values resources) Improvement of indoor air quality (Quality of Reduction of indoor fire risks Increase of real estate values Knowledge resources) Reduction of outdoor fire risks Increased productivity Knowledge enhancement based on data and scientific information Land Reduced vulnerability to extreme weather events Reduced production costs Transparency, availability and accessibility of information Resource function Reduced risk to natural hazards Reduced value at risk Creation of awareness Increased availability of land use Reduction in heat island effect Reduced health treatment costs Land saving Reduced risk of slope failure Reduced maintenance costs Increase of soil fertility Lower utility operating costs Networks Regulating Service function Welfare Reduction of Outages (costs) Cooperation between multiple stakeholders Control of sedimentation Support to community development Techonology diffusion Participation of stakeholders Sink function Poverty alleviation Employment generation Knowledge partnerships Avoidance of land contamination (Quality of Improved quality of life New sources of income generation Conflict resolution between stakeholders resources) Avoidance of landfill methane (Emissions/waste) Improved working conditions/quality of Revenues from Resource recovery employment Reduction of solid mass and volume of waste Improved recreational facilities Compost production revenues (Emissions/waste) Extension of landfills lifespan (Emissions/waste) Support to cultural heritage preservation Revenues from production of recycled materials Promotion of environmental equity Revenues from additional Electricity generation Water Aesthetic improvements Revenues from additional Heat generation (combined heat and power, process steam or district heating) Resource function Time savings Reduced expenses on heating/cooling Conservation of water resources Reduced foul smell Reduced energy costs Increased groundwater recharging Noise reduction Reduced costs for additional power capacity Increased rainwater harvesting Improvement of thermal performance Development of natural water bodies Reduction of light pollution Balance of payments Additional water sources Reduced traffic congestion Reduced cost of imported goods and services Regulating Service function Improved quality of open public spaces Reduction of dependency on foreign goods and services Storm water retention Increased quantity of open public spaces Increased water purification Increased food security Enhanced flood control Increased food quality Improved sludge collection Sink function Prevention/reduction of ground water contamination Prevention/reduction of surface water Improved ecological state of water bodies Improved quality of water resources Resource conservation Resource function Conservation of natural resources Fuel use reduction Energy use reduction Renewable energy production Improved energy efficiency Compost production Production of recycled materials Socio-cultural Service function Conservation/enhancement of natural resources Urban services Improved accessibility to water resources Improved affordability of water resources Improved accessibility to transport Improved affordability of transport Improved coverage/accesibility of energy supply Improved affordability of energy supply Improved security of energy supply Reduced (fossil fuel) grid power dependence Incineration of clinical waste Incineration of hazardous waste Education and Capacity Building Enhanced educational services Increased knowledge dissemination Enhanced capacity Biodiversity Regulating Service function Protection of biodiversity Climate change Regulating Service function Sequestration of CO2 emissions Improved microclimate regulation Sink function Reduction in GHG emissions (Emissions/waste) Avoidance of short lived climatic pollutants (Emissions/waste)

17 INTEGRATED MULTIDIMENSIONAL MULTI SECTORAL BENEFITS: Sustainability Categories Social Environmental Economic Institutional Resilience aspects Risk reduction Climate Change Efficiency of Resources Learning Institutional enhancement Source: ARUP, Best practice guide supports urban greening

18 MULTI LEVEL BENEFITS: Source: L. D Acci photo Source: Individual Local community City Global Source: L. D Acci photo

19 MAP BASED Source: D Acci Positional value analysis BENEFITS ANALYS AND VISUALIZATION: Source: Isobenefit Lines Analysis GIS Spatial Analysis Source: Source:

20 FLEXIBLE - Different measurement tools - Local context - Validation/adjustment by local stakeholders

21 REFERENCE POINTS Standard (ideal scenario) Baseline as reference With project scenario Current scenario (baseline)

22 STEPS 1) Identify project and its main characteristics 2) Identify expected impacts/benefits 3) Develop the baseline scenario - Develop indicators for expected outcomes 4) Develop the project scenario - Based on the developed indicators from previous step 5) Estimate the difference between baseline and project scenario 6) Develop Benefit Matrix

23 Sri Lanka Metro Colombo Area PILOT APPLICATION Site for Beddagana Park Development Project Parliament Bedaggana Wetland Development in Colombo, Sri Lanka STEP1: PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS STEP 2: POSSIBLE SUSTAINABILITY BENEFITS - Bio-diversity park - Replantation with native trees - Improve jogging and walking tracks - Improve eco-recreation facilities - Flood protection - Bio-diversity preservation - Improved recreational facilities - Aesthetic improvements - Carbon sequestration - Increase of real estate values

24 Step 3: baseline scenario Step 4: with project scenario

25 Step 5: Measuring the sustainability benefits S.no. Benefit Type of benefit Level of benefit 1. Flood risk reduction for built assets (value saved) Economic Individual 2. Flood risk reduction for road infrastructure (value saved) 3. Flood risk reduction for population living in the surrounding areas (lives saved) Economic Social Local Community Individual 4. Absorption of greenhouse gases Environmental Global community 5. Reduction in local air pollution Environmental Local Community 6. Increase in property values (within 500m radius) Economic Individual 7. Open space for daily use (from within 1km radius) Social Local Community

26 Indicators for measuring sustainability benefits related to the increase of wetland area Beddagana Biodiversity Park Benefit Indicators Unit Flood risk reduction for built assets (value saved) Area under water logging, Number of buildings Number Flood risk reduction for road Area under water logging, Road Km infrastructure (value saved) length Flood risk reduction for population living in the surrounding areas (lives saved) Area under water logging, number of households, household size Persons Watershed Map for Metro Colombo Area Watershed boundaries for Beddagana Wetland Measurement of flood risk reduction Indicator Number of buildings covered under water logged areas Road length covered under water logged areas People living within areas prone to water logging Unit Without the project With the project ± S % Change Number 3441 a % Km 19 a % Persons b % Waterlogging around Beddagana Wetland rainfall level Indicators to measure sustainability benefits related to the increase of canopy cover Benefit Indicators Unit Absorption of greenhouse Canopy cover, carbon absorbed by tonsc/annum gases per unit canopy cover Reduction in local air Canopy cover, amount of SPM tons/annum pollution Reduction in noise pollution Actual noise level, timber volume, noise absorbed per unit volume of timber db

27 Measurement of GHG emissions storage Indicator Amount of carbon storage per year Unit Without the project Areas surrounding Beddagana Biodiversity Park project site With the project ± S % Change tonsc/annum 285 b % Indicators for measuring sustainability benefits associated to the increase of recreational area Benefit Indicator Unit Increase in property values in the local area (within 500m radius) Availability of open space for frequent users (from within 1km radius) Availability of open space for nonfrequent users (from within 2km radius) Number of properties having higher valuation due park in the vicinity Number of expected visits to the park per week from people living within 1 km radius Number of expected visits to the park per week from people living within 2 km radius Number properties Number of visits Number of visits of Area within 3km radius from the project site Area within 2km radius from the project site Change in state in without project and with project scenarios Area within 1km radius from the project site Area within 500m radius from the project site Indicator Number of properties having higher valuation due park in the vicinity Population living within walking distance from the park Population living within 2km (walking) distance from the park Unit Without the project With the project ± S % Change Properties % Persons % Persons %

28 Step 6: Overall Matrix of Sustainability Benefits for Beddagana Biodiversity Park development project Sustainability Benefit Type of benefit Level of benefit Indicator Unit of measurement Without the project With the project ± S % Change Flood risk reduction for built assets (value saved) Economic Individual, Local Number of buildings covered under water logged areas Number % Flood risk reduction for road infrastructure (value saved) Economic, Social Local community Road length covered under water logged areas Km % Flood risk reduction for population living in the surrounding areas (lives saved) Social Individual, Local People living within areas prone to water logging Persons % Absorption of greenhouse gases Environmental Global community Amount of carbon storage per year tonsc/annum % Increase in property values in the local area (within 500m radius) Economic Individual Number of properties having higher valuation due park in the vicinity Properties % Availability of open space for frequent users (from within 1km radius) Social Local community Population living within walking distance from the park Persons % Availability of open space for non-frequent users (from within 2km radius) Social Local community Population living within 2km (walking) distance from the park Persons %

29 Weighting? By stakeholders By city indicators

30 Final goal: to support making decisions among potential projects to achieve more sustainable and resilient cities

31 Concluding remarks The proposed SRBA methodology: aims to identify and measure multiple sustainability (environmental, social, economic, institutional) and resilience benefits that can be accrued by green growth projects in cities. Situation analysis is important for identifying current needs and gaps helps urban project developers and local governments to identify and assess sustainability benefits that can be generated at different levels, namely individual, local, city and global. can identify and measure simultaneously in a holistic way local sustainable development, urban resilience along with (global) climate mitigation benefits. Combination of top down and bottom up approaches provides flexibility for application based on different local contexts. can be applied as a rapid assessment tool if data availability is limited, or can provide a more in-depth assessment through the application of modelling techniques whenever is necessary.

32 Next steps - Publication as World Bank working paper - Journal articles - Validation and refinement of framework of sustainability criteria by urban experts/stakeholders (city of Cali) - Pilot case study, City of Cali, Colombia - Further refinement of overall approach and methodology

33 THANK YOU

34 Learning for the cities of tomorrow SUSTAIN

35 Curriculum development

36 Interactive web platform

37 Opportunities for collaboration Co-development of modules Provision of case studies Development of new modules Provision of tools/exercises Peer Review of modules (quality assurance) Networking E-platform Follow up project More??