European Green Capital Award 2015 Bristol UK Technical Bid

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1 European Green Capital Award 2015 Bristol UK Technical Bid Section 8 Water Consumption A. Describe the present situation regarding water demand of different sectors and describe plans currently in place to reduce water consumption Background Unlike most of the European Union, water supply in the UK is performed by private companies. Since 1846, the company supplying Bristol has been Bristol Water. Bristol Water's activities are regulated by central Government, and Bristol City Council works closely with Bristol Water to ensure that water supply is managed sustainably and efficiently. A1: We have reduced water consumption and water into supply Water consumption in the Bristol area is now the lowest it has been for 20 years. Although population has increased by approximately 10% during this period, total consumption by households and commercial customers has reduced. Water consumption for the period 2011/2012 is as follows: Domestic properties: Commercial properties: litres per person per day (metered properties) litres per person per day (unmetered properties) Total of Ml/day across Bristol Water supply area Ml/day across Bristol Water supply area

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3 A2 We have increased the proportion of urban water supply subject to individual water metering (domestic and non-domestic) every year UK law does not allow water meters to be installed against the wishes of the householder. It is a significant historic disadvantage and this constraint does not reflect the wishes of either Bristol Water or Bristol City Council. Bristol Water promotes voluntary uptake of water metering through public events, advertising and information with water bills. By doing this, we have increased domestic properties with an individual water meter from 10% in 1998 to 37% in 2011/2012. Full implementation of domestic metering in Bristol is expected by if the law on compulsory metering is changed it will be possible to do this earlier. UK law allows metering to be enforced for business users (unless the supply also goes to a domestic property). Bristol Water has therefore installed meters at over 87% of businesses in the company's area of supply, accounting for 96% of the water volume supplied to businesses. The company also provides "smart" metering services to business users, including data logging and leakage alarms through a system called NetWeb, to reduce wastage, and an innovative new water metering system called "imeter" which gives low-cost information on water use. 2

4 Figures 2 & 3: imeter smart metering system and information generated by smart metering 3

5 A3: Sources of Water are internationally important biodiversity sites Principal water sources for Bristol are the Mendip Lakes (owned and managed by Bristol Water) and the Gloucester-Sharpness canal, which provides water from the River Severn. The Mendip Lakes and the River Severn are internationally important Natura 2000 sites. Chew Valley Lake Blagdon Lake Barrow reservoirs Figure 4: Water sources for Bristol Catchment protection zones are enforced for all water sources, with regular sampling to ensure the water quality is protected. Partners include farmers and landholders; wildlife organisations; environmental regulators; volunteer groups and farming associations. The example shown is a pesticide, metaldehyde. When this was detected in source waters a catchment management approach was implemented to 4

6 ensure that users are trained and provided with individual plans to ensure the water source is protected. Payment for ecosystems services is provided by giving farmers additional support through soil testing, calibration of equipment and training in efficient use. Sampling Calibration Training Figure 6: Payment for ecosystems services for water source protection c) Effectiveness 5

7 A4 Water loss in pipelines is the lowest ever recorded Unlike many other countries, UK targets and reporting include leakage on customer pipes. A target for total leakage, known as the Sustainable Economic Level of Leakage (SELL) is set by the Government regulator. SELL considers energy, chemical use for water treatment, environmental value of water and social impact of water mains repair as well as costs to the public. Bristol Water has always met its SELL target and in 2011 increased its work to outperform the SELL target during drought. >95% of the water network is continuously monitored for flow and pressure and >60% operated under full pressure control. Bristol Water is considered a national and international centre of excellence in leakage control. The measure "% loss from the water supply network" is not used in the UK. It is an incomplete measure of leakage management and gives a misleading impression of how well the system is maintained and operated. For information, the % loss figure for the Bristol Water area in 2011 was 11.2% (or 16.3% if customer pipe leakage is also included). 6

8 A5 Over 10,000 water efficiency kits have been provided to domestic water users, saving more than 800,000,000 litres of water in total Free equipment is promoted to users through advertising and public events, and provided on request. This consists of tap flow regulators, shower flow regulators and water-efficient shower heads, toilet cistern displacement devices, shower timers, self-audit packs and water butts. Figure 8: Water-efficiency equipment 7

9 A6 Water recycling and industrial savings of over 650,000,000 litres For business users, full audits are provided to identify potential for water recycling. Over 650,000,000 litres of water have been saved through this initiative. A partnership project with Bristol City Council, the city waste contractor and Bristol Water is shown below: a change in domestic waste bins made a large number of "wheelie" bins available. These have been turned into water butts and distributed for free through the City allotment gardens associations. In the city s land use plan policies require new developments to conserve water resources. Figure 9: Water recycling initiative 8

10 A7 Compliance with the EU Water Framework Directive and related Directives Water Framework Directive Biodiversity sites owned and operated by Bristol Water are in top status (assessed by UK biodiversity regulator, Natural England). Status of the heavily-modified water bodies downstream of Bristol Water's resources is Good Ecological Potential for chemistry. Drinking water quality Drinking water quality in Bristol is excellent and citizens are happy to drink the tap water. The drinking water standards used in the UK are slightly more stringent than those in the EU Drinking Water Directive: compliance with EU DWD requirements is slightly higher than the 99.96% compliance rate shown in Figure 10. Figure 10: Drinking water quality 9

11 Water treatment standards have become more stringent over the last two years, requiring energy-intensive systems such as ultraviolet treatment. However, Bristol Water has been able to reduce its overall energy demand and carbon footprint by a reduction in the water put into supply CO 2 footprint 48,320 tonnes 47,488 tonnes (reported to UK Government) To further reduce its CO 2 footprint Bristol Water installed one of the largest solar photovoltaic systems in the UK, at the principal water treatment works supplying water to Bristol. All the energy from the system is used within the site, making the system highly efficient because no losses are incurred in the transmission network. Figure 11: Solar PV System at Water Treatment Works 10

12 B B1 a Describe the measures implemented in the last five to ten years for improving water consumption The water supply network is fully managed and controlled with complete computer models for system control and operation Pressure control A full pressure control programme has been implemented across the area supplied by Bristol Water, which has saved approximately 2,000,000 litres per day through reduced leakage and managing demand. This management programme includes full modelling of all network assets and customer demand. In addition to reducing leakage, this has been successful in managing pressure throughout the network for customer benefit, reducing the total number of complaints of low and high pressure to a point where 99.99% of properties supplied by Bristol Water receive water within the pressure standards expected in the UK. b Active leakage management With continuous monitoring of the network it is possible to identify areas where increased leakage is likely, through monitoring of soil corrosivity, age of water mains, previous history of bursts and known condition of pipework. This allows for targeted replacement of pipes which are at risk of failure, before the failure occurs. Consideration of active leakage management is a fundamental part of managing the Sustainable Economic Level of Leakage and the leakage rate in Bristol is expected to reduce by a further 25% in the next 25 years as a result of this ongoing programme. c Assessing current plans In 2008, Bristol Water made a Strategic Environmental Assessment of its water resource management plan, which demonstrated that the company's short and longterm plans are environmentally sustainable. The company also produced in 2011 a full climate change risk assessment for all its activities. Bristol City Council and Bristol Water were among the first organisations in the UK to carry out this risk assessment process. 11

13 c Smart metering Domestic properties connected since 1991 have a water meter and Bristol Water promotes water metering to all customers through advertisements, public events and information sent to households with the water bill. However, UK law does not allow meters to be installed against a customers wishes so the main focus at present is on smart metering for business customers, where metering can be implemented without these difficulties. Customers cannot manage their water consumption if they do not know what it is, and with commercial customers, "smart" metering is available through a system known as NetWeb which provides a clear understanding of water use. A screenshot is shown below of this system, which provides data through webbased services. Figure 12: NetWeb Smart Metering system 12

14 B2 a Byelaw implementation in relation to efficiency in water usage, tariff and metering systems Tariffs Historic disadvantage and constraint: The water tariff structure in the UK is not as flexible as elsewhere in the EU: local municipalities are not allowed to set tariffs because the decision is taken by the national Water Regulator, Ofwat. Changing customer behaviour through local tariff management is therefore not straightforward in the UK. B3 Awareness raising campaigns have reached over 200,000 people faceto-face and every customer through billing contact Bristol's citizens have recreational access to the lakes and rivers of the area which are used for public water supply, and Bristol Water uses this contact as an opportunity to promote efficient use of water through public education and awareness programmes, with approximately 100,000 visits to the sites per year. Information is also provided through water bills and regular public events, including free water efficiency equipment, and promotion of free water-use audits for commercial customers. Schools engagement is targeted at pupils in age range 7 to 11, where an audit is carried out of the school's water use, the pupils' water use and how changes can be made to improve this consumption rate, with free water efficiency equipment supplied to the homes of pupils. Figure 13: Water efficiency events and promotion 13

15 Because local wildlife groups provide such an important link to public education and engagement on water efficiency, a strong relationship has been developed with these organisations, who include promotion of water-saving to their own members & the general public as part of their sustainability goals to protect the water environment. a) Training of wildlife workers in special botany areas b) School visits and education programme c) Wildlife Trust volunteers carrying out biodiversity work on Bristol Water site Figure 14: Site management partners for promotion of water efficiency 14

16 C Short and long term objectives have been set for water efficiency and the overall performance of the water supply system, including resilience to climate change A 260M investment programme is currently under way in the Bristol area to improve the water network and treatment systems, including a catchment management approach for protection of water sources with dedicated funding of 100k per year and dedicated funding of 245k per year on water efficiency engagement with customers. Investment in the water network is included within the 260M shown above: the photograph below shows a 10km main laying project through Bristol which will make the supply more resilient to population change and climate change: this project is budgeted at 13M and will give additional benefits in pressure control, flexible management of water sources and reduced leakage of water. All the projects carried out have been assessed for their full-life carbon impact and major projects including the scheme below are managed according to the Civil Engineering Environmental Quality Assessment protocol: the top UK level of environmental management for infrastructure schemes. During these works a strong partnership with Bristol City Council has been essential, to ensure that social and environmental disruption is kept to a minimum. To minimise social impact, almost all new water mains in urban areas are laid using nodig techniques such as slip lining, pipe bursting and relining. Figure 15: Main laying and Bristol Water's support for European Green Capital 15

17 C1 Measures to achieve our targets In 2010 Bristol Water set a target to save 175 million litres of water per year at domestic properties, through provision of free water efficiency equipment such as shower heads, cistern displacement devices and tap flow regulators. The target for water-saving at non-domestic customers was 117 million litres, to be achieved through providing free advice and audits to industrial water users. Bristol Water has outperformed against both of these targets since they were brought into effect, and the total saving from the company's water-efficiency programme since 2010 has been over 1,000 million litres of water. One example water efficiency scheme in the next 18 months will be at the University of the West of England (UWE), where a trial will be carried out on implementing water efficiency systems at student accommodation as shown below. This student accommodation area houses approximately 2000 students in individual flats. The study will be set up with one of the housing blocks acting as a control site, whilst others have a mix of fitting installation and engagement activities. Figure 16: UWE student accommodation water efficiency systems plans This scheme will contribute to the UK national evidence base on water efficiency measures and their effectiveness, and with UWE links to the international academic community it will be promoted nationally and internationally through the UK universities' sustainability network, influencing behaviour across a national and international scale. 16

18 C2 Longer-term planning: Environmentally Sustainable To guide its planning process for the next five years, Bristol Water is developing new targets and plans which will be presented to Government in The company has set 6 core aims as shown below. One of these aims is "environmentally sustainable" through efficient use of water by the company, efficient water use by customers and improving sustainability of environmental impacts. The process to define the outcomes and actions associated with this is under way at present. Figure 17: The 2014 six Core Aims of Bristol Water Bristol Water has also produced a formal Water Resources plan for the next 25 years, to ensure that water supply to the city is sustainable and resilient. This plan sets the direction of the company's five-yearly investment programmes, and the projections in the resource management plan are re-drafted every five years to take account of any changes. Significant population growth is forecast in the Bristol area in the next 25 years and without substantial work on water efficiency this is likely to result in increased need for water from the environment. To mitigate this, the company has set a target of 125 litres per person per day consumption in all new homes and an ongoing campaign of improved water efficiency for business users. 17

19 C3 Resilience to climate change Water is a key area likely to be strongly affected by climate change. Bristol Water and Bristol City Council were among the first organisations in the UK to produce formal climate change adaptation plans, namely the Bristol Water Climate Change Adaptation risk report and the Council s Climate Change & Energy Security Framework. Bristol Water's plan for managing climate change impacts has been presented to the UK Government as part of the UK's planning process for climate change management, and Bristol Water works with other organisations involved in climate change management through formal groups such as Climate SouthWest, and local engagement groups such as the West of England Climate Challenge. Adaptation to climate change impacts will require management of resources and Bristol Water will build on its existing catchment management programme to engage with landholders in the catchment areas of its major water sources, to manage nutrients, sediment, flow, colour and algae. The map below shows an initial risk assessment of the catchment area of the Mendip Lakes, with high-risk areas for these issues shown in red/orange. Figure 18: Mendip Lakes catchment area risk assessment Further investigation is also being carried out into fish populations in collaboration with the environmental regulator, to establish which other organisations and partners will need to be involved in large-scale catchment management 18

20 projects. Whilst this investigation is carried out, Bristol Water has launched a voluntary project called "School of Fish" with a national wildlife charity, The Wildlife Trusts. This project will provide environmental training and education to schools in deprived areas of Bristol, and will support populations of native fish in these watercourses. 19

21 D Evidence Supporting documents can be provided on request Water consumption Water Metering Sources of Water Catchment management Water loss in pipelines Bristol Water Annual Regulator report to UK Government Bristol Water Annual Regulator report to UK Government Bristol Water Water Resources Management Plan Bristol Water Annual DWI report Bristol Water Annual Regulator report to UK Government Other reports Bristol Water Climate Change Adaptation risk report Bristol Water Strategic Environmental Assessment of Water Resources Management Plan 20

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