John Anderson. Afton Water Solutions Australia

Transcription

1 John Anderson Australia 1

2 The Growth in Water Recycling Worldwide The Drivers Climate Change and the Environment Adaptation Case Study 2006 Metropolitan Water Plan The Growth in Water Recycling Overseas The Growth in Water Reuse in Australia 2

3 Australia s Water Resources Anyone who has a stake in water is having to face up to the fact that there is only so much to go around. (Fullerton 2001) 3

4 Climate Change NSW Impacts (Hennessey et al 2004) 4

5 Climate Change NSW Impacts (Hennessey et al 2004) 5

6 Climate Change NSW Impacts (Hennessey et al 2004) 6

7 Climate Change NSW Impacts (Hennessey et al 2004) 7

8 Rainfall (mm) Living with a Variable Climate New South Wales Annual Rainfall Dry Period: Average Rainfall: 477.7mm *Dry conditions commenced 1890 Standard Deviation: 90.4 Wet Period: Average Rainfall: 573.9mm 20.1% increase Standard Deviation: New Dry 2001/ mm 23.4% decline Year B.Hanstrum, Bureau of Meteorology,

9 Rainfall (mm) Living with a Variable Climate Murray Darling Basin Annual Rainfall Dry Period: Average Rainfall: 440.6mm *Dry conditions commence 1890 Standard deviation: 94.8 Wet Period: Average Rainfall: 516.1mm 17.1% increase Standard deviation: New Dry 2001/ mm 30.9% decline Year B.Hanstrum, Bureau of Meteorology,

10 Annual Flow ML Living with a Variable Climate Central Coast Streamflows Year Annual Flow 7 Yr Moving Average 10 Yr Moving Average Average Annual Flow Water Reuse and Recycling April 2005

11 Restoring River Health 11

12 Flow Rate ML/d New Water Sharing Plans Lower Wyong Weir Water Sharing Options Class E Class D Class C Class B Class A Flow A 60%/95th C 40%/95th C' 60%/80th D/E 30%/95th Existing Average Number of Days per Year Flow Exceeds Flow Rate Greater protection of low flows = longer time between drinks = greater dependence on storing water from high flows = likely to need storage and transfer system improvements = greater drought management risks 12

13 Capacity D/Qm Adapting to Climate Change Impacts - Generalised modelling of impacts and responses 35% 30% 25% Existing Capacity A E Water Savings 20% 15% 10% 5% Environmental Flows 20%/80th Global Warming 3.0 deg C B C Environmental Flows and Global Warming Cause Large Yield Reduction D 50% New Water 25% New Water Large Commitment to Water Savings and New Water Needed to Re-Balance Supply and Demand 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% 180% 200% Storage S/Qm A.Existing 0%/95th B.EF 20%/80th C.GW3.0deg D.25% New Water E.50% New Water 13

14 Adaptation Case Study - Sydney Traditional Demand and Supply Balance Percentages of Year 2000 Demand 14

15 Capacity D/Qm Adaptation Case Study - Sydney 2006 Metropolitan Water Plan Water Savings Upto 40% water savings in new houses through BASIX 120GL/a to 140GL/a water savings by existing consumers Water efficiency plans and audits Water efficient appliances Rainwater tanks and stormwater harvesting Leakage reduction 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Existing Capacity Environmental Flows 20%/80th Global Warming 3.0 deg C A B C Environmental Flows and Global Warming Cause Large Yield Reduction E Water Savings 50% New Water D 25% New Water Large Commitment to Water Savings and New Water Needed to Re-Balance Supply and Demand 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% 180% 200% Storage S/Qm 15 A.Existing 0%/95th B.EF 20%/80th C.GW3.0deg D.25% New Water E.50% New Water

16 Capacity D/Qm Adaptation Case Study - Sydney 2006 Metropolitan Water Plan Water Reuse Upto 70GL/a reuse in Western Sydney Residential reuse in new development areas Agricultural reuse Environmental flow replacement Upto 30GL/a reuse through a water recycling grid 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Existing Capacity Environmental Flows 20%/80th Global Warming 3.0 deg C A B C Environmental Flows and Global Warming Cause Large Yield Reduction E Water Savings 50% New Water D 25% New Water Large Commitment to Water Savings and New Water Needed to Re-Balance Supply and Demand 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% 180% 200% Storage S/Qm 16 A.Existing 0%/95th B.EF 20%/80th C.GW3.0deg D.25% New Water E.50% New Water

17 Adaptation Case Study - Sydney 2006 Metropolitan Water Plan Western Sydney Water Reuse Upto 70GL/a reuse in Western Sydney Residential reuse in new development areas Agricultural reuse Environmental flow replacement Water Recycling Grid -upto 30GL/a Camellia industrial reuse project Georges River pipeline WRAMS extension Illawarra Water Reuse 7GL/a Local water reuse projects e.g. Ku-ring-gai golf courses 17

18 Capacity D/Qm Adaptation Case Study - Sydney 2006 Metropolitan Water Plan New Supplies Stormwater harvesting (Prospect roofwater 12GL/a) Extra pumping from Shoalhaven high flows (about 30GL/a average) Desalination (upto 90GL/a) Drought Contingencies Groundwater Deep water access 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Existing Capacity Environmental Flows 20%/80th Global Warming 3.0 deg C A B C Environmental Flows and Global Warming Cause Large Yield Reduction E Water Savings 50% New Water D 25% New Water Large Commitment to Water Savings and New Water Needed to Re-Balance Supply and Demand 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% 180% 200% Storage S/Qm A.Existing 0%/95th B.EF 20%/80th C.GW3.0deg D.25% New Water E.50% New Water 18

19 Case Study - Sydney New Demand and Supply Balance Percentages of Year 2000 Demand 19

20 Managing Drought Risks - Lessons from the Current Drought Benefits of Building Diverse Portfolios Benefits in using less volatile supply sources eg water reuse desalination Adapting Financial Portfolio Theory 20

21 Growth in Water Recycling Worldwide Water Reclamation Water Recycling for Agriculture and Industry Water Recycling for Urban Use Water Recycling to Supplement Water Sources 21

22 Water Reclamation Trends Growth in use of MBR in Europe Growth in use of MF/RO, UF/RO and MBR/RO combinations to produce high quality recycled water Advanced oxidation methods to remove trace organics. 22

23 Water Reuse in Agriculture Monterey California 12,000 acres of vegetable crops Mezquital Valley, Mexico Wastewater from Mexico City 60m3/s 6m dia tunnel to Mezquital Valley Irrigation of 90,000 ha 25m3/s recharge to groundwater sources 23

24 Urban Reuse California 24

25 Water Recycling to Supplement Water Sources Supplementing Supplies - Windhoek Operating since 1968 Recently expanded to 21ML/d Average 12% of the Windhoek supply 25

26 Supplementing Supplies - Singapore Singapore New Water 26

27 Supplementing Supplies Singapore NEWater Kranji 2003 Selestar 2004 Changi 2007 Ulu Pandan 2005 Bedok 2002 Tuas Desal

28 Supplementing Supplies - Singapore NEWATER - Kranji Dual Membrane Plant CMF-S foreground & RO background 28 Water Reuse

29 Supplementing Supplies Singapore NEWater NEWater Education Centre - Bedok 29

30 Supplementing Supplies Singapore NEWater NEWater Education Centre - Bedok 30

31 Supplementing Supplies - Berlin 31

32 Supplementing Supplies - Berlin Lake Tegel Nutrient Reduction Plant 6m3/s 32

33 Groundwater Recharge - Belgium 33

34 Groundwater Recharge - Belgium 34

35 Groundwater Recharge California Mixing zone sampling Seawater Fresh water 20% saline ingress control 80% indirect potable (12-24 months) 35

36 Groundwater Recharge - California Water Factory 21, California 1.19 MWh/ML (versus MWh/ML imported water) Plan to expand to 494ML/d over 20 years. West Basin, California 4 CMF/RO Plants 64ML/d 10.5 MLD to aquifer MLD to Mobil MLD to Arco MLD to Chevron 2001 Ultimate capacity 334 ML/d Title 22 water for industry & irrigation Barrier Water to control seawater intrusion 36

37 Growth in Water Recycling in Australia Agricultural Reuse Werribee Pasture Shoalhaven Dairy Farms Virginia Vegetables, SA McLaren Vale Vineyard, SA Hervey Bay, Qld Mackay, Qld 37

38 Urban Reuse Sydney Olympics Water Recycling Treated stormwater & wastewater. 7 ML/d CMF + 2 ML/d RO Landscape, Toilet Flushing, Laundry 2000 houses 850 ML/year (1300ML in a dry year) 38 Water Reuse and Recycling April 2005

39 Urban Reuse Dual Reticulation Water Recycling Rouse Hill Water Recycling, Sydney Reclaimed water, Rouse Hill STP. NSW Urban & Residential Grade Sand Filtration, CMF and ozone Landscape & Toilet Flushing houses Stage houses Stage 2 11ML/day 39 Water Reuse and Recycling April 2005

40 Coomera-Pimpama Project Source: Gold Coast Water Prediction: 83% reduction 40

41 Eraring Power Station NSW Dual Membranes 4ML/d reclaimed water for boiler feed Capital cost A$5M Deferred effluent pipeline A$2.4M Deferred potable distribution A$2.6M 3 x 90M10C CMF feeds 2x 2 stage RO (10xstage1, 4xstage 2) $900,000/year water & chemical savings 41 Water Reuse and Recycling April 2005

42 Luggage Point, Brisbane 14ML/d 42

43 Kwinana Water Factory WA 16ML/d 43

44 Growth in Water Recycling in Australia Brisbane Western Corridor Water Recycling Project Advanced water recycling upto 350ML/d 44

45 From Large Store/Use/Treat/Discharge Systems Freshwater Sewage 45

46 To Integrated Power/Water/Recycling Systems Seawater Fresh Water Recycled Water Sewage Reclaimed Water 46

47 Conclusions Climate change and environmental flows will have big impacts on reliability and security of water supplies Adaptation strategies include large commitments to water efficiency and water savings Benefits in building diverse portfolios including less volatile sources e.g. water reuse and desalination There is rapid growth in water recycling worldwide Water recycling to supplement drinking water sources is growing rapidly. 47