Fossil Fuels (Non-Renewable) Environmental Stewardship. Educational & Research Opportunities. Faculty, Staff, Students Recruitment & Retention

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1 Renewable Energy as Share of Total Energy Cheryl Gomez, PE, MBA, LEED AP BD+C Source: US Energy Information Administration Fossil Fuels (Non-Renewable) Supply Availability - Reserves & Production Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Solid Fuels Price Volatility Forecast Environmental Stewardship Educational & Research Opportunities Faculty, Staff, Students Recruitment & Retention Leadership Jan 2005 Jan 2006 Jan 2007 Jan 2008 Jan 2009 Jan 2010

2 Thermal & Electric Generation Transportation Bioproducts

3 Fuel Type Heat Content Units Biodiesel MMBtu/Barrel Ethanol MMBtu/Barrel Waste Alcohol MMBtu/Barrel Digester Gas MMBtu/MCF Landfill Gas MMBtu/MCF Agricultural Byproducts MMBtu/Short Ton Black Liquor MMBtu/Short Ton MSW Biogenic MMBtu/Short Ton Paper Pellets MMBtu/Short Ton Peat MMBtu/Short Ton Railroad Ties MMBtu/Short Ton Sludge Waste MMBtu/Short Ton Sludge Wood MMBtu/Short Ton Solid Byproducts MMBtu/Short Ton Spent Sulfite Liquor MMBtu/Short Ton Utility Poles MMBtu/Short Ton Biodiesel What is it? Can it be used in existing diesel engines? Emissions Does it compete with food? Weather Issues Gasoline & Ethanol E85 (cars) & E95 (Heavy duty diesel vehicles) What is it? Can my car use it? Can my car be converted? Availability Does it compete with food? And some water..

4 Power Plants Thermal (Geo-exchange): Heating & Cooling Hot Springs in Steamboat Springs, Nevada. Several geothermal power plants at The Geysers. Closed Standing Open to Loop Column Recycle Conductive Conductive & Advective Advective 50 1A SH RA E

5 Cornell University Cornell, New York Cayuga Lake Enwave Energy Corporation Toronto, Canada Lake Ontario Open/ Recycle Standing Column Closed Efficiency First Cost Geology Maintenance Regulatory Thermal 1 1 2

6 Advantages Disadvantages Image by Ontario Power Generation This diagram of a hydroelectric generator is courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. An inspector examines a large turbine designed for generating electricity from the flow of a river. Photograph courtesy Free Flow Power Corporation P B 150 Power-Buoy with peak-rated power output of 150 kw

7 Solar Power: Concentrating & Photovoltaic Solar Thermal: Heating & Hot Water Passive Solar The Genesis Solar Energy Project, a 250-megawatt facility in California, will use parabolic solar troughs like these to generate power. Credit: DOI Stirling Energy Systems, Inc. (SES)/Boeing, 25 kw Dish Stirling system at sunset. Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Photographic Information Exchange.

8 Type Example Annual Carbon Payback Photovoltaic 300 kw Years What can we buy for $1 million? Need 30,000 SF of Roof Space MTCDE Electricity Cost Increases at 3%/Year (60 Years w/ no escalation) Wind energy from turbines such as these could produce 20% of the world's power by 2030, according to a new report. Credit: Todd Spink

9 What are they? How do they work? How is ownership verified? What do they cost? Why buy them? Solar photovoltaic (PV) Wind Geothermal Eligible hydroelectric Eligible biomass Co-firing of eligible forms of biomass with non-renewable is accepted under certain conditions Biodiesel (B100) Fuel cells using the above eligible fuels

10 REC tracking map courtesy of Ed Holt & Associates, Inc

11 How does this differ from buying RECs? What are the price premiums? (Cents/kWh) What is the ROI (payback)? Does it take care of all carbon emissions from the campus? How much should be spent? shtml ets/certificates.shtml?page=5 wer/buying/buying_power.shtml

12 Risk Management Financial Supply Operational Educational Institutions and Organizations Environmental Stewardship Educational & Research Opportunities Faculty, Staff, Students Recruitment & Retention Leadership Greenhouse Gas Emissions GOAL: Reduce GHG emissions to 250,000 MTCDE, a 25% reduction or 80,000 MTCDE below 2009 levels MTCDE per MTCDE MTCDE Fuel MMBtu (Virginia) Compared to NG Compared to NG Natural Gas Base Base Electricity More Coal % More Oil % More

13 Type Solar** / Photovoltaic Example Annual MTCDE 300 kw 160 Payback 35 Years (electricity increases 3% per year) Efficiency Initiatives Retro- Commissioning 2950 <2 Years Re-lamp Plant Upgrades 270,000 lamps (T8 at 25 W v T8 at W [10 hrs/day, 365 days] Chiller Plant Controls 2800 Green Power $0.013/kWh 44,000 3 to 6 Years (3 Years for electricity only. Can likely get price discount on lamps.) 2000 < 5 Years No payback Need to spend $1 million every year. ** Assumes $3.50/Watt total installed cost.