The Current State of River Basins in Vietnam Pollution and Solution

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The Third WEPA International Forum on Water Environmental Governance 23-24 October 2008, Malaysia The Current State of River Basins in Vietnam Pollution and Solution Hoang Duc Hanh

1 The Third WEPA International Forum on Water Environmental Governance October 2008, Malaysia The Current State of River Basins in Vietnam Pollution and Solution Hoang Duc Hanh 1, Nguyen The Dong 2 1 Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 2 General Department of Environment Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

2 Content An introduction of river basins in Vietnam The current state of Vietnam river basins pollutions Water quality management Some priority solutions to protect the water environment in river basins

An introduction of river basin in Vietnam Vietnam is a complex and dense river network. There are 9 river basins which contribute to 90% of total river basin area in the whole country.

3 An introduction of river basin in Vietnam Vietnam is a complex and dense river network. There are 9 river basins which contribute to 90% of total river basin area in the whole country. The 9 main river basins are those of Red, Thai Binh, Bang Giang-Ky Cung, Ma, Ca La, Thu Bon, Ba, Dong Nai, and Cuu Long river. The Red river and the Mekong river systems have the largest basin areas (155,000 and 795,000 km2 respectively) as well as the highest total volume of water flow. Each river system has its own distinctive characteristics, thus environmental management approaches may vary greatly from one river basin to another, depending on socio-economic conditions, land use, environmental factors, and their economical and ecological values,.etc.

An introduction to Cau, Nhue-Day and Dong nai river -Cau river has 6.

Hanoi before it merges with Thai Binh river. Source: www.vncold.vn The Day/Nhue sub-basin covers some 7,958 km2, 2.

4 An introduction to Cau, Nhue-Day and Dong nai river -Cau river has km 2, and 288 km long, passes through Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong provinces and Hanoi before it merges with Thai Binh river. Source: The Day/Nhue sub-basin covers some 7,958 km2, 2.4% of the area of Vietnam. It covers Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Hanoi city and Hoa Binh Source: Red River Basin Sector Project: Water Resources Management :ADB/MARD/MONRE Project VIE

5 Source:

6 The current state of Vietnam river basins pollutions Nhue river Vedan company Dong nai river Day river

7 30 25 The water monitoring data in Cau river SW-27 SW-28 SW-29 BOD5 TCVN (A) BOD COD TCVN (A) COD

8 Cause of pollution The main wastewater in thai nguyen 13.9% 0.7% 2.5% 0.3% 1.5% 59.0% 22.1% Mining Minerals Mechanics Material construction production Food processing Hospital Domestic

wastewater Vinh phuc 9 % Bac giang 23,02 % Vinh phuc 17 %

9 Waste water from trade village Hai duong 21% Bac can, thai nguyen 27 % Bac ninh 30 % Bac giang 13 % Domestic wastewater Vinh phuc 9 % Bac giang 23,02 % Vinh phuc 17 % Bac ninh % Thai nguyen % Bac can 4.34 % Hai duong %

10 Hospital wastewater Argriculture activities Other herbicide Pesticide Medicine

11 Proportion of wastewater volumes discharged to Nhue-Day River

12 Proportion of industries discharging wastewater to rivers in the Day/Nhue Source: Institute of Geography, 2005, SOE Report 2006

13 Craft villages in provinces/cities Source: Departments of Natural Resources and Environment of provinces/cities, 2006, SOE Report 2006

14 COD trends of the Day River Source: Ha Nam and Nam Dinh provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment, 2006,

15 Estimating the discharge of domestic wastewater in Hanoi city Item Hanoi population in Nhue River catchment 2,230,300 2,666,240 3,011,163 Water supply standard for urban people (average litre/person/day) Domestic water volume (calculated at 90% reliability of water supply for domestic) (m 3 /day) kilo/day 1,281,875 1,620,000 2,218,750 BOD tonne/year 467, , ,844 COD kilo/day 1,085, tonne/year 396, , ,250 SS kilo/day 888,125 1,100,000 1,481,250 tonne/year 324, , ,656 Sources: The water supply decisive planning of Hanoi & Hanoi drainage project period ( )

16 BOD 5 in 2005 and estimation for 2010 Scenario 1, by the year 2010 the water quality of Nhue Day River would be significantly worse. The BOD concentration will have increased by times; Scenario 2 show some significant improvements over Scenario 1 at some locations, However BOD5 would not meet TCVN (B). Scenario 3 there are further improvements, particularly for BOD 5. However, this would still not meet TCVN (A). This indicates the amount of residual pollution in the system and means that extensive and costly treatment would be required.

Water quality management Environmental Protection Policies related to Water Resources Law on Environmental Protection 2005.

17 Water quality management Environmental Protection Policies related to Water Resources Law on Environmental Protection National Strategy for Environmental Protection until 2010 with vision toward 2020 signed by Prime Minister on 02/12/2003. Decree 67/2003/ND-CP on wastewater charge Law of Water Resources National Strategy on Water Resources to 2020 Directive 200/TTg on guaranteeing clean water and rural environmental sanitation Enforcement policies

18 Law on Environmental Protection 2005 Chapter VII:Protection of marine environment, river water and other water resources: Protection of River Water - Principles of River Water Protection; - Water Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment in River Basins; - Responsibilities of Provincial People s Committees for Water Environmental Protection in River Basins; - Organization of Water Environment Protection in River Basins

National Strategy on Environmental Protection to 2010 with vision toward 2020 To 2020: To 2010 Specific Objectives -100% urban centers, industrial parks and export-processing zones to be provided

19 National Strategy on Environmental Protection to 2010 with vision toward 2020 To 2020: To 2010 Specific Objectives -100% urban centers, industrial parks and export-processing zones to be provided with centered waste treatment systems that measure up to environmental standards - 100% of the urban population and 95% of the rural population have access to clean drinking water supplies - 40% of urban centers, 70% of industrial parks and export-processing zones to be provided with centered waste treatment systems that measure up to environmental standards

20 National Strategy on Environmental Protection to 2010 with vision toward 2020 NSEP Programs related to water resources management Programe Rehabilitation of seriously polluted & degraded urban canals, ponds, lakes & river sections Cau River Basin Environmental Protection Priority ranking High Highest Completion time 2010 for 1 st phase 2010 for 1 st phase Nhue-Day River Basin Environmental Protection Highest 2010 for 1 st phase Saigon-DongNai River Basin Environmental Protection Highest 2010 for 1 st phase

21 Policy Enforcement Decree 81/2006/ND-CP on fines on administrative violations: Maximum fine imposed on breaches of environmental regulations could reach to 70,000,000 VND (~4500 USD). With regards to wastewater and pollutants discharge into water resources fines are fixed from 100,000 to 70,000,000 VND (~7 4,500USD) depending on the pollution level or whether containing hazardous and radioactive substances. Vietnamese Standards System TCVN: There have been set up a system of 31 discharging standards including wastewater, air, and noise, which are compulsory to every enterprise and production unit to comply. - TCVN 5942:1995: for surface water quality - TCVN 5943:1995: for coastal water quality - TCVN 5944:1995: for underground water quality - TCVN 5945:2005: for wastewater quality

22 Some priority solutions to protect the water environment in river basins Common solutions Development and improvement of legal regulations, policies and institutions Inspection, monitoring of law enforcement Application of economic tools, scientific and technological solutions Capacity strengthening Public participation and responsibility International cooperation

23 Some priority solutions to protect the water environment in river basins Specific measures to protect the water environment of the three basins of Cau, nhue-day and dong nai river Cau river basins To Implement the necesssary measure to treat waster water from industrial and mining activities, Craft village, domestic To control serious polluted areas Nhue-day river basins To concentrate on treatment domestic, inductrial, craft village waste water To control serious polluted areas Dong nai river basins To concentrate on treatment domestic, inductrial, waste water To control serious polluted areas To limit the number of investment permit for 2 type: minarals exploitation and paper pulp production To stop deforestation To limit the number of investment permit for 5 type: cassava starch processing, basic chemical production, dying, leather tanning, paper pulp production To zone some vegetable safety areas To limit the number of investment permit for 5 type: rubber latex, cassava starch processing, basic chemical production, dying, leather tanning To accelerate the approval process of the submitted project on the environmental protection of Dong Nai river basin

24 Thank you very much for your kind attention

Overview of Water Environmental Pollution in Vietnam

Overview of Water Environmental Pollution in Vietnam Nguyen Thi Hue Institute of Environmental Technology (IET), Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology(VSAT). 18-Hoang Quoc Viet R., Caugiay distr.,hanoi,vietnam