ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR BEACH RESORT PROJECT AT SAGARTIRATH VILLAGE, DIST. SINDHUDURG, MAHARASHTRA

Transcription

1 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR BEACH RESORT PROJECT AT SAGARTIRATH VILLAGE, DIST. SINDHUDURG, MAHARASHTRA Prepared by: SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. i

2 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra Brief Company Profile INFORMATION ABOUT EIA CONSULTANTS This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared by SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. SENES India, incorporated under the Companies Act 1956 (No. 1 of 1956), has been operating in the county for more than 10 years and holds expertise in conducting Environmental Impact Assessments, Social Impact Assessments, EHS Compliance Audits, Design and Planning of Solid Waste Management Facilities and Carbon Advisory Services. The location of SENES offices in India are given below. Noida (Head office): 1st Floor, Tower B, Logix Techno Park, Plot No. 5, Sector 127, Noida Uttar Pradesh Tel: Fax: Kolkata : MBL House, DD-18/8 5th Floor, Sector-1 Salt lake City Kolkata Tel: Fax: Mumbai: 711, Mayuresh Cosmos Plot No. 37, Sector 11 CBD, Mumbai Tel: Fax: Hyderabad: 305, Third Floor, , Tata Tycoon Tarnaka Hyderabad Tel: Fax: QCI/NABET Accreditation Status As on date, SENES has been granted accreditation by the Quality Council of India / National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (QCI / NABET) in 14 sectors vide Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1013/043. ii

3 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Project Project Need and its Significance Objectives of the EIA Study Scope of the Study EIA Methodology Structure of the EIA Report CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project detail Site Selection Criteria Nature and Size of the Project Project Site Location Site Connectivity Site Surrounding features project site and site surrounding Photographs Land Use Distribution and Area Statement Population Details Utilities Proposed during Construction and Operation Phase Water Requirement and Supply Sewage System Details of Proposed STP (375 KLD) System Design (STP Capacity 375 KLD) Rainwater Harvesting System Power Requirement and Supply Parking Municipal Solid Waste Management E-Waste Management Sewage Sludge Landscape Development Energy Conservation Measures Fire Safety Facilities Building Materials and Technologies for Construction Construction Period & Schedule Project Cost CHAPTER 3. LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK iii

4 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra 3.1 Environmental Policies Legal Provisions for Environment Related to Building and Construction Projects Ministry of Environment & Forests Maharashtra State Pollution Control Boards Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) Siting of Projects Environmental Clearance of Developmental Projects Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification (amended in 2011) Usage of Water & Water Pollution Air Quality Noise Level Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) Notification Operation of Motor Vehicles CHAPTER 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS Land Environment Air Environment Meteorology Noise Environment Traffic Pattern and Density Soil Water environment Ground Water Scenario of the district Ecology Terrestrial Ecosystem Forest Scrub forest Plantation and Orchards Socio Economic Environment General Socio-Economic Profile Demographic Profile Education & Literacy Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern Socioeconomic Infrastructure CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION SOURCES, IMPACT PREDICTION & IMPACT ASSESSMENT Pollution Sources Impact Prediction and Impact Assessment iv

5 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra 5.3 Impact on Physical Environment Impact on Physical Environment during Pre-Construction Phase Impact on Physical Environment during Construction Phase Impact on Air Environment Impact on Air Environment during Pre- construction Phase Impact on Air Environment during Construction Phase Impact on Noise Environment Impact on Noise Environment during Pre-construction Impact on Noise Environment during Construction and Operation Phase Impact on Water Environment Impact on Water Environment during Construction Phase Impact on Water Environment during Operation Phase Impact on Land Environment Impact on Land Environment during Construction Phase Impact on Land Environment during Operation Phase Impact on Ecological Environment Impact on Ecological Environment during Construction Phase Impact on Ecological Environment during Operation Phase Impact on Socio-Economic Environment Impact on Socio-Economic Environment During Construction Phase Impact on Socio-Economic Environment during Operation Phase Impact on Historical, Archaeological and Architectural Sites Summary of impacts CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Introduction Capacity Building for EMP Implementation Implement Arrangements for EMP Environmental Management Plan Matrix EMP for Air Environment Site Preparation Noise Environment Construction Material Management Vehicle Emission Controls and Alternatives EMP for Noise Environment Construction Phase Operation Phase v

6 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra 6.7 EMP for Water Environment Construction Phase Operation Phase EMP for Land Environment Construction Debris Waste due to construction workers & Biomass Topsoil Management Solid Waste Management EMP for E-Waste Management EMP for Ecological Environment Construction Phase Operational Phase Green Belt Plan Greenbelt Design for Site EMP for Socio-economic Environment Mitigative Measures EMP for Energy Conservation Electrical Hazardous and Safety Measure Plan Fire Fighting Management Health, Safety and Welfare Plan Fixation of Hours of Work and Interval of Rest & Spread Over Weekly rest, payment of work dones on the day of rest at overtime rate, etc Notice of Wage Period Accommodation Latrine and Urinal Medical Facilities Emergency Care Services or Emergency Treatment Safety Measures CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN General Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan Suggested Environmental Monitoring Plan Data Analysis Reporting Schedule Emergency Procedures/Corrective Measures CHAPTER 8. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan vi

7 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra 8.1 Introduction Risk Assessment during the construction phase risk assessment during the operation phase History of Disaster in Sindhudurg District Disaster Management Plan for Construction Phase Disaster Management Plan for Operation Phase On Site Emergency Management Plan Earthquake Fire Key Persons and Responsibilities Emergency Preparedness Emergency Management Procedure Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan Management Frameworks and Conclusion Coordination with Concerned Authorities CHAPTER 9. CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY Environment Policy Standard Operating Procedures Hierarchical System of the Organization Reporting Mechanism of Non-Compliance vii

8 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra List of Table Table 2.1 : Land Details Table 2.2 : Project Details Table 2.3 : Population Details Table 2.4 : Water Demand Table 2.5 : Details Break-up of Water Requirement Table 2.6 : Wastewater Generation Table 2.7 : Power Demand of the Proposed Project Table 2.8 : Provided Parking Details Table 2.9 : Construction Materials to be used for Proposed Project Table 3.1 Summary of Environmental Legislation concerning Proposed Project Table 4.1: Landuse Within 10 km from the Project Site Table 4.2: Climatological Table of Vengurla Taluka Table 4.3 Climatological Data Table 4.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Table 4.5 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ1- Project Site Table 4.6 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ2- Mochemad Village Table 4.7 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ3- Naichiaad Village Table 4.8 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ4- Shiroda Village Table 4.9 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ5- Velagar Village Table 4.10 Baseline Air Quality PM Table 4.11 Baseline Air Quality PM Table 4.12 Baseline Air Quality SO Table 4.13 Baseline Air Quality NO x Table 4.14 Baseline Air Quality CO Table 4.15 Noise Monitoring Locations Table 4.16 Monitoring Results Noise Table 4.17 Ambiant Noise Quality Standards Table 4.18 Traffic Statistics of studied roads Table 4.19 Soil Sampling Locations Table 4.20 Soil Sampling Results viii

9 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra Table 4.21 Water Sampling Locations Table 4.22 Water Sampling Locations Ground Water Table 4.23 Water Sampling Locations Surface Water Table 4.24 Site flora of Proposed Project Table 4.25 Site Avifauna Table 4.31 Reptilian fauna of the Site Table 4.32 Butterfly Species Table 4.28 Local distribution of plant species Table 4.29 Scheduled Animal Species In The Study Area Table 4.30 List of Villages Selected for Socio-economic Profiling Table 4.31 demographic profile of the study area villages Table 4.32 schedule caste and schedule tribes of study area villages Table 4.33 Literacy profile of the study area villages Table 4.34 workforce participation for study area villages Table 4.35 basic amenities in the study area Table 5.1 Potential Pollutant Sources & Characteristics Table 5.2 Identification of potential Impacts During Construction & Operation Phase Table 5.3 DG Set Specification Table 5.4 maximum Ground Level SO 2 (µg/m 3 ) Concentration (24 hourly Averaged) due to DG sets5-63 Table 5.5 maximum Ground Level NO x (µg/m 3 ) Concentration (24 hours Averaged) due to DG sets5-64 Table 5.6 maximum Ground Level PM 10 Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Table 5.7 maximum Ground Level CO (µg/m 3 ) Concentration (1 hours Averaged) in due to DG set5-66 Table 5.8: Noise levels Generated from Construction Equipment Table 5.9: Ultimate Water Requirements for Proposed Project Table 5.10: Standards for Effluent Disposal Table 5.11: Expected Solid Waste Generation Table 5.12 Summary Matrix of Predicted Impacts due to Proposed Project Table 6.1 : Environnemental Management Plan Matrix Table 6.2 Standards for Occupational Exposure Table 7.1: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan Table 7.2: APPLICABLE STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS ix

10 Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra List of Figures Figure 1-1: EIA Methodology Figure 2.1 Location of the Project Site on District Map Figure 2.2 Location of the Project Site on Google image Figure 2.3 Photographs - Site and Surrounding Features Figure 4.1 PM 10 Level Comparison at 5 Locations Figure 4.2 PM 2.5 Level Comparison at 5 Locations Figure 4.3 SO 2 Level Comparisons at 5 Locations Figure 4.4 NO x Level Comparison at 5 Locations Figure 4.5 CO Level Comparison at 5 Locations Figure 4.6 Day Time Noise Level Comparison at 3 Locations Figure 4.7 Day Time Noise Level Comparison at 3 Locations Figure 4.8 Traffic Flow Comparison at 2 Locations Figure 4.9 Depth to Water Level During Pre-Monsoon and Post Monsoon Figure 5.1 Spatial Distribution of 24 hours averaged SO 2 GLC (µg/m 3 ) due to DG Sets Figure 5.2 Spatial variation of 24 hours averaged NO x GLC (µg/m 3 ) due to Figure 5.3 Spatial Distribution of 24 hours averaged PM 10 GLC (µg/m 3 ) due to Figure 5.4 Spatial Distribution of 8 hours averaged CO GLC (µg/m 3 ) due to Figure 5.5 Spatial Variation of Incremental Noise Level during Construction Phase without Control5-69 Figure 5.6 Spatial Variation of Incremental Noise Level during Operation Phase without Control Figure 6.1: EMP Implémentation Chart Figure 6.2 MBR Configuration Figure 9.1 Hierarchical System of the Organisation Figure 9.2 Reporting Mechanism of Non-Compliance x

11 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT M/s. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. intends to develop a Beach Resort Project at Sagartirth encompassing three villages Sagartirth, Tank & Temb in Taluka Vengurla, Sindhudurg District in Maharashtra. The proposed project comprises of a resort comprised of guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The proposed development is basically a Beach Resort project and falls under CRZ-III Category. The entire complex would be developed in an area of 219,084 m 2, which comprises of a resort including guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The total built-up area is approximately 61, m 2. As per the EIA notification, 2006 and its subsequent amendments, proposed Beach Resort development, having built up area of more than 20,000 sq.m but less than 1,50,000 sq.m is listed as project/activity 8(a) under category B2 Building and Construction Projects and will require prior environmental clearance from State territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) of Maharashtra on submission of application documents (Form 1, Form 1A and Conceptual plan). In addition to this, the proposed project site is strategically located near the seashore and is falling under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-III category and therefore require CRZ clearance under CRZ Notification, 2011 of MoEF from the concerned authority of the state. In view of this, detailed Environmental Impact Assessment report need to be prepared and submitted to the concerned authority. M/s. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd has retained M/s SENES Consultants India Private Limited to conduct the Environmental Impact Assessment study for the proposed project. 1.2 PROJECT NEED AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE The tourism industry in India is substantial and vibrant, and the country is quickly becoming a major global destination. There are quite a few resorts operating in Sindhudurg area. This upcoming beach resort will become a pleasant alternative with its unique location and facilities that it will provide. The proposed project will lead to following benefits. Tourism is a growing industry; therefore there is need for more hospitality services. The proposed resort aims at fulfilling the need to satisfy the tourism market through provision of quality services and accommodation. Improvement in local area by providing additional employment opportunities to the skilled as well as unskilled people; The planned development with modern infrastructure facilities would add-on to the local aesthetics 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA STUDY The objectives of the EIA study are as follows: To describe the proposed project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the proposed development; To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the proposed developments; 1-1 Introduction

12 To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts expected to arise during the construction and operation phase of the project in relation to the sensitive receptors; To identify the negative impacts and develop mitigation measures so as to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance during construction and operations of the development; and To design and specify the monitoring requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted. 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study involves, detailed reconnaissance visit to the site to assess the existing environmental baseline condition of the area, subsequent assessment of potential impact from the construction activity and during the operation phase of the proposed development in order to suggest the necessary mitigation measures, required to be taken for the protection of the environment. Apart from this, Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) will also be prepared in order to prevent any hazard during construction and operation phase. 1.5 EIA METHODOLOGY The EIA study for the proposed project has been carried out as per the EIA guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF). The EIA methodology for the proposed project has been described in Figure 1-1. FIGURE 1-1: EIA METHODOLOGY Project Scoping Identify potential sources of Impact Interaction with Project Proponents Baseline Studies ( Existing data Collection and new surveys) Predict consequences and likelihood of Impact Evaluate the significance Investigate options for mitigation Consultation with stakeholders Prepare final EIA report (Along with EMP and DMP) 1-2 Introduction

13 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT The EIA Report presents the existing baseline scenario, assessment and evaluation of the environmental impacts that may arise during the construction and operation period. The content of the remainder part of the report are as follows: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Project Description Legal and Administrative framework Baseline Environmental status of project area Pollution Sources and Environment Impacts Environmental Management Plan Environmental Monitoring Plan Disaster Management Plan Corporate Environment Responsibility 1-3 Introduction

14 Environmental Impact Assessment Report CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 PROJECT DETAIL M/s. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. intends to develop a Beach Resort at Sagartirth encompassing three villages Sagartirth, Tank & Temb in Taluka Vengurla, Sindhudurg District in Maharashtra. The proposed project comprises of a resort comprised of guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The entire complex would be developed in an area of 219,084 m 2, which comprises of a resort including guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The total built-up area is approximately 61, m 2. The proposed development is located near the seashore and falls under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-III Category. The CRZ map indicating the High Tide Line (HTL), Low Tide Line (LTL) & CRZ boundaries lying at 200m and 500m specified by National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) is enclosed as Annexure-2.1. The rapid marine environmental impact assessment study has also been carried out by NIO for the above said development, the same is enclosed separately. 2.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA The sitting of developmental projects in India is managed by Siting Guidelines for activities and projects delineated by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The overall purpose of the guideline is to aid proponents in judiciously selecting project sites, keeping in mind various environmental sensitivities. However, the guidelines for siting are not legally enforceable except for areas which are ecologically fragile (as notified by certain specific notifications) or are located in the Coastal Regulation Zone as demarcated by the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 and subsequent amendments. Additionally, State Governments sometimes formulate State wise Siting Guidelines for development planning. The design brief places a strong emphasis on achieving a high level of environmental performance, durability, and healthy indoor air quality through integrated design, best practices and emerging technologies. For the proposed beach resort project, sustainability is integrated into all phases of the design process using an integrated approach which balances social, economic, and environmental factors. 2.3 NATURE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT The proposed Beach Resort will be developed in an area of Acres i.e. 2,19,084 sq m, which comprises of resort guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The proposed project will be comprising of 160 Guest Rooms, 16 Suites (1BR), 2 Suites (2 BR), 29 Villas (3BR), 5 Villas (2 BR), banquet halls, restaurants and Spa. It will also have facility for parking. Proper landscaping will also be done within the proposed site. The project will also involve internal development of basic infrastructure such as internal roads, power supply, water supply, sewer and storm water pipe network and waste management system. 2-1 Project Description

15 Environmental Impact Assessment Report 2.4 PROJECT SITE LOCATION The proposed project site is strategically located near the seashore & falls under CRZ-III Category. The proposed development also comes under the T-5 category as per notification of Urban Development Department Mantralaya, Mumbai dated 9 th July Project site is located at Village Sagartirath in Aravali -Tak, Vengurla Taluka, Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra. The project site adjoins Arabian Sea, being approximately 70 m away from shoreline. Site is approachable from MSH4 Vengurla-Shiroda coastal highway on the east. Land details for the proposed development is given in Table 2.1 TABLE 2.1 : LAND DETAILS S.N. Village Survey No. 1. Sagartirath 2, HISSA no. 3 B 4, HISSA no. 1 & 3 2. Tank 16, HISSA no. 1/1 & 1/4 27, HISSA no. 1/2 3. Temb 15, HISSA no. 1/1 A HISSA no. 1/2 The location of the proposed site on District Map and Google Map is given in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2 respectively. 2-2 Project Description

16 Environmental Impact Assessment Report FIGURE 2.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE ON DISTRICT MAP FIGURE 2.2 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE ON GOOGLE IMAGE 2-3 Project Description

17 Environmental Impact Assessment Report 2.5 SITE CONNECTIVITY The connectivity of the site through air, roads and railway links is as follows: Road The site will be accessible by MSH4 Vengurla-Shiroda Road (Coastal Highway). The site is located to the south of Vengurla town and southwest of Sawantwadi village at an approximate aerial distance of ~8 km and ~22 km respectively. Rail The site is well connected to the rail network through the railway main line and the nearest railway station is Sawantwadi at a distance of about 17 Km towards the northeastern side of the site. Air The nearest airport is Goa Airport which is ~48 Km from the site towards SSE direction. 2.6 SITE SURROUNDING FEATURES The proposed site is in the coastal plains and is slightly undulating. Slopes are towards the Western side with variation (7 m) in the highest and lowest point. The site surroundings comprise of rural setup and the land use in the surrounding area comprises of villages with residential set up. No industrial area is observed in nearby vicinity. Many small scale hotels and resorts are seen adjoining the coastal areas. The details of the site surrounding have been shown below in Figure PROJECT SITE AND SITE SURROUNDING PHOTOGRAPHS The photographs for site surrounding features are shown in Figure 2.3. FIGURE 2.3 PHOTOGRAPHS - SITE AND SURROUNDING FEATURES Land Use Distribution and Area Statement The site layout diagram with all the activities is enclosed as Annexure 2.2. This illustrates the major project components and their locations on the project site. 2-4 Project Description

18 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Land Use Distribution The project will be developed on an area measuring Acres. The project details, area statement and FAR is given in Table 2.2. Total Site Area FAR Permissible TABLE 2.2 : PROJECT DETAILS 2, 19,084 sq.m. 72,300 sq.m FAR (Sq. m) BUA (Sq.m) GUEST ROOMS & SUITES GUEST ROOMS SUITES ONE BEDROOM SUITES VILLA TWO BEDROOM STAIRS AND CORRIDOR TOTAL (A) GUEST ROOMS & SUITES POOLS ROOMS 3332 SUITES ONE BEDROOM SUITES TWO BEDROOM TOTAL (B) PUBLIC AREAS & AMENITIES CULTURE CENTER RETAIL BLOCK FRONT OF HOUSE RESTAURANT #1 A.D.D SPECIALTY RESTAURANT LOBBY LOUNGE SPA RECEPTION SPA RESTAURANT SPA TREATMENT ROOMS MEETING AND BANQUETTING BEACH RESTAURANT KID'S ACTIVITY CENTER BANQUETING RECEPTION TOTAL (C) TOTAL D=(A+B+C) VILLA ZONE TWO BED ROOM TYPE-A TWO BED ROOM TYPE-B THREE BED ROOM TYPE-A THREE BED ROOM TYPE-B THREE BED ROOM TYPE-C CLUB TOTAL (E) VILLAS POOLS TWO BED ROOM TYPE-A TWO BED ROOM TYPE-B THREE BED ROOM TYPE-A THREE BED ROOM TYPE-B Project Description

19 Environmental Impact Assessment Report THREE BED ROOM TYPE-C TOTAL (F) TOTAL FOR VILLA ZONE G = (E+F) GROSS TOTAL (D+G) MEP ZONES/ ANCILLARY BUILDINGS MEP ZONE i. BASEMENT ii. SUPER STRUCTURE BOH ZONE STP TOTAL FOR MEP ZONES/ ANCILLARY BUILDINGS (H) Other activity area free from FAR like balconies (I) GRAND TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA (D+G+H+I) Population Details The population during construction & operation phase associated with the project is given in Table 2.3 Construction Phase Operation Phase TABLE 2.3 : POPULATION DETAILS Approx. 500 Nos. Name of Space Total No. of Total Rooms person/room Population Rooms Suites (1 BR) Suites (2 BR) Villa (2 BR) Type A Villa (2 BR) Type B Villa (3 BR) Type A Villa (3 BR) Type B Villa (3 BR) Type C Employees & Staff Visitors L.S 200 Banquet halls L.S 600 Restaurants L.S 400 SPA L.S 100 Total Project Description

20 Environmental Impact Assessment Report 2.8 UTILITIES PROPOSED DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASE The infrastructure facilities planned for the proposed project are highlighted in the following subsection Water Requirement and Supply Water Requirement During construction phase, water requirement is about 80 KLD (including construction activity & domestic), considering ~ 500 labors, which will be deployed at the peak construction period. The water requirement for the construction activities would be 55 KLD and domestic water requirement for labors will be 25 KLD. During the operation phase, the estimated total water demand for project is about ~791 KLD, out of which ~ 496 KLD fresh water demand & ~295 will be met through treated water supply for landscaping, flushing & partial HVAC cooling.the details of total water demand and its break up have been discussed below in Table 2.4 and Table 2.5: TABLE 2.4 : WATER DEMAND S. No Details Quantity 1 Fresh 496 KLD 2 Reuse 295 KLD Total 791 KLD TABLE 2.5 : DETAILS BREAK-UP OF WATER REQUIREMENT S.N. Details Quantity in KLD 1. Domestic Other Than Flushing Flushing HVAC cooling Filter Back Wash Swimming Pool and other Process Water Wash landscaping Water body West Zone East Zone Pools of Villas Clusters Villa Common Pools SPA Pool 4 Total 791 KLD 2-7 Project Description

21 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Water Source During the construction phase, tanker water supply will be used for fulfilling the water requirement. During operation phase, water demand will be met primarily through municipal water supply system and reuse of treated wastewater from STP. In case of any abstraction of groundwater, due permission will be obtained from Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) Sewage System During construction phase, it is expected that 20 KLD of waste water will be generated from labor, which will be disposed off in septic tanks. The waste water from septic tanks will be disposed through mobile STP tankers. During operation phase, the total wastewater generated from the project site will be 310 KLD. This wastewater generated will be treated in an on-site sewage treatment plant based on Membrane Bio- Reactor (MBR) process upto tertiary level having total design capacity of 375 KLD. The break-up of wastewater generation and STP details is given in Table 2.6. TABLE 2.6 : WASTEWATER GENERATION S. No Details Quantity 1 Wastewater Generation 310 KLD 2 STP Design Capacity 375 KLD Details of Proposed STP (375 KLD) STP based on the Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) is a combination of Activated Sludge process combined with absolute filtration (with Ultra Filtration). Bio-degradation is carried out due to the presence and growth of microorganisms and suspended solids. These suspended solids and microorganisms are separated from water by membrane unit. Scheme process: Raw sewage from various sources is subjected to following treatment to obtain the treated water quality. Bar screen Chamber The raw sewage will be received at the inlet of the bar screen to trap any floating particles and debris. Oil & Grease Trap and Equalization tank A belt type oil skimmer and grease trap will be provided to remove the floating oil and grease. The oil free effluent overflows to the collection cum equalization tank. The sewage generation is not uniform and is subjected to fluctuation. Hence to maintain a constant flow and to homogenize the sewage quality a suitable retention time is provided in the Equalization tank. Air mixing is also provided to enhance the above process. Aeration tank is designed for average daily flow of 10 hrs retention. A fine screen is placed in between to trap any sharp objects or small particles. 2-8 Project Description

22 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Aeration Tank (Process Tank/ Bio reactor) The aeration system works on an extended aeration activated sludge process. The biological reaction is sustained by maintaining a required level of MLSS mg/l in the aeration tank. The generation of biomass reduces the incoming BOD and COD to greater than 95%. Oxygen transfer is achieved by means of fine bubble diffusers placed at the bottom of the tank to transfer atmospheric oxygen from air. The process aeration blowers are provided for the biological tank and ensure that sufficient oxygen is available to maintain the biological process in the tank. The mixed liquor containing the biomass overflows/ pumped from the aeration tank to the membrane tank for removal of BOD. The MBR is basically a combination of Activated Sludge process combine with absolute filtration (UF). The basic biological aeration system considered utilizes diffused aeration to provide the required oxygen that will maintain the healthy biomass. The MBR produces superior quality effluent through an innovative combination of immersed, low-pressure reinforced hollow fiber ultra-filtration membranes and a suspended growth biological reactor. The reinforced hollow fiber UF membranes replace the solids separation function of secondary clarifiers and the polishing function of granular filter media that are found in conventional activated sludge systems. By eliminating the need for sludge settling, MBR process can operate at mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations in the range of 8,000 to 12,000 mg/l three to five times greater than conventional systems, resulting in plants that are significantly more compact than a conventional plant. Fewer processes, combined with highly automated, PLC operation makes plant operation less labor intensive and much more straightforward. Plant operators are only required to perform regular preventive maintenance on system pumps, blowers, and associated mechanical equipment to ensure efficient biological processes and optimum membrane permeation. General Quality of Sewage Inlet Characteristics S.N. Particulars Details 1 Nature of Waste Sewage 2 ph Suspended solid <0.1 mg/l 4 BOD mg/l 5 COD mg/l 6 TDS 400 mg/l 7 Oil & grease 10 mg/l Quality of Treated Effluent S.N. Particulars Details 1 ph Suspended solid <0.1 mg/l 3 BOD <5 mg/l 4 COD <30 mg/l 5 TDS <10 mg/l 2-9 Project Description

23 Environmental Impact Assessment Report System Design (STP Capacity 375 KLD) Designs of Screens Flow to STP : 375 KLD Average flow rate/hr : 375 /24 = cum/hr Peaking Factor (maximum) : 2 Times Peak Flow : x 2 = cum/hr Desired Velocity Through : 0.8m/Sec Bar Screen Chamber (V) Area of Bar Screen (Peaking Factor / (3600 x V) : /(3600x0.8)= Sq.m Available the smelliest bar screen in the field is 0.6m x 0.5m to fixed in side the chamber. Size of bars = 6mm Spacing between bars = 8mm No of Bars = 25 nos. Grit Chamber Daily expected flow in to the STP =375 Cum/day STP operating hours = 24 Hrs Daily Average Flow to STP = Cum/hr Retention time IN EQT Tank =1/2 hr Capacity required = X 0.5 = 7.8 cum Assume SWD is =0.9 m (SWD ) Equalization Tank Daily expected flow in to the STP =375 Cum/day STP operating hours = 24 Hrs Daily Average Flow to STP = Cum/hr Peak flow = x 1.5times = 23.45cum/hr Retention time IN EQT Tank =6.0 hr Capacity required =23.45 X 6 = cum Assume liquid depth is =2.0 m ( LD ) Effluent Transfer Pump Daily Flow to STP =375 cum/day Operation Period =24Hr Flow Rate = cum/hr Head =10mwc Pump capacity selected 2 nos mwc 2-10 Project Description

24 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Aeration Tank Flow regime : complete mix Hydraulic retention time : 8-10 hours MLSS : 8000 to 12000mg/l F/M Ratio : 0.15 to 0.05 BOD removal percent : 90% to 98% F/M = Influent Flow Rate x 0.45 MLSS F/M = 375 x F/M = 0.02 F/M Ratio within the Range = 0.02 Assume liquid depth is = 3.5m Permeate Tank Daily Flow to STP =375cum/day Flow Rate = cum/hr Retention time provided =10 hr Volume of Permeate Tank = x 10 = 156cum Assume liquid depth is =3.0 m (LD) Surface area required = 52 SQM Soft Water Tank Daily Flow to STP = 375 cum/day Flow Rate = cum/hr Retention time provided = 5 hr Volume of Permeate Tank = x 5 = cum Assume liquid depth is =3.0m (LD) Surface area required =26.04 SQM Air Requirements i). For Aeration tank Inlet BOD = 450 ppm BOD Load = (Inlet BOD x Q)/1000 = (450 x375]/1000 = Kg/Day O 2 Requirement = 2 kg/kg of BOD Total OD req/day - BOD load removed x O2 req = x 2 = kg Theoretical O2 req per hr = (Total O2 req/day)/op hrs = /24 = Kg of O2/Hr 2-11 Project Description

25 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Theoretical Air Req = Theoretical O2 req/hr/(density of air x % of O2 in air) = / (1.2 x 0.23) =51 m3/hr Actual Air Req = Theorectical air req / (alpha x beta x OTE) = 51 / (0.65 x 0.95 x 0.18) = 51 / = 459 cum/hr Actual air requirement required in Aeration tank cum/hr Say -460 cum/hr Capacity of Air blowers selected 2 nos of MWC(2W+1S) ii). For Equalization Tank Daily expected flow in to the STP = 375 Cum/day STP operating hours = 24 Hrs Daily Average Flow to STP = Cum/hr Peak flow =62.5 x1.5times =23.45cum/hr Retention time IN EQT Tank =6.0 hr Capacity required =23.45 X 6 = cum 1 cum/hr per 1 cum of tank capacity = cum/hr Actual Air requirement required in EQT 145 cum/hr Capacity of Air blowers selected 2 nos of MWC (1W+1S) Sludge Generation Total Flow : 375 cum/day Inlet BOD : 450 mg/l Outlet BOD : 5 mg/l BOD to be removed per day : 375 x (450-5)/1000 = kgs/day Sludge generation rate : 25-30% Total BOD to be removed = x 0.25 = 4.1 kgs/day Suspended solids to be removed : (375 x 400)/1000 : 150 kgs/day Total sludge to be removed : = kgs/day Considering sludge density as 1.0 & 6-8% thickening Total sludge to be removed /day : 154.1/0.06 = lit/day : 2.6 cum/day 2-12 Project Description

26 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Sludge Management: The sludge from tank is pumped using a screw pump in to a Filter press. The filter press is a liquidsolid separation device which is used to reduce the volume and weight of slurry by separating the liquid filtrate and solid cake. The filter press is opened and cake is discharged by gravity. The dry cake from filter press is subjected to lime stabilization. Lime treatment controls the environment needed for the growth of pathogens in bio-solids and converts sludge into a usable product Rainwater Harvesting System At the project site, use of rainwater recharging will be done through a rain water lagoon. The size of rain water lagoon is about 10,000 sqm to recharge the entire runoff generated from the proposed project. The detailed storm water management plan along with storm water layout has been discussed below in chapter 6 of EMP under section Power Requirement and Supply Power requirement has been estimated for both construction and operation phases. During construction phase:-power requirement during the construction phase would be 600 KVA which will be met through DG sets. The power requirement for the operation phase is estimated in terms of the total maximum demand load, which is approximately 2956 kw and will be sourced from State Electricity Board i.e. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. State electricity board shall provide 1 No.33 kv HT power connection for the proposed resort which shall be terminated at the metering room. As per State electricity board norms, metering room shall be located near entrance. HT Isolator shall be provided near metering. 100% backup power will be supplied by 7 Nos. DG sets of 750 kva (including one DG set standby) capacity. Some critical loads such as emergency lighting, headed equipment of ELV systems etc. shall be additionally backed up using UPS system. HT Metering by the State Electricity Board shall be carried out in the metering room within the premises as per local norms. All electrical equipment and devices shall be suitable for coastal air environment. The fuel consumption for 7 Nos. of DG sets has been calculated to be 1114 L/hr of HSD. The DG sets will be installed with acoustic enclosures and adequate stack height as per the CPCB norms. TABLE 2.7 : POWER DEMAND OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT S. No Details Value 1 Total demand Load 2956 kw 2 Total Power Back-up 5250 kva 3 DG Set Configuration 7 Nos. x 750 KVA 2-13 Project Description

27 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Parking The project premises will have specialized parking facilities for smooth traffic movement. Surface parking facilities will be provided for visitors and permanent population. The parking provisions are given in Table 2.8. TABLE 2.8 : PROVIDED PARKING DETAILS S. No Details Parking Provided 1 Surface Parking 206 ECS 2 Bus Parking 2 Nos Municipal Solid Waste Management About 1.3 TPD of MSW will be generated during the operation phase and will be handled as per the Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules, E-Waste Management The generated e-waste from the proposed development will be stored at a warehouse to be setup within site and will be sent to authorized recyclers or e-waste processing plants for treatment as per E- Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, Sewage Sludge An approximately 2.6 cum /dayof sludge will be generated from the proposed development. The sludge from STP will be used as manure in landscaping Landscape Development The project will be so developed that approximately 1,34, sqm of area will be developed as green belt development and softscape to mitigate air and noise pollution. The Landscape plan showing the schedule of species for proposed beach resort project is shown in Figure 6.7 under section of EMP chapter Energy Conservation Measures In the Operational Phase, appropriate energy conservation measures & management plan will be adopted in order to minimize the consumptions of non-renewable fuel. The detailed energy conservation plan for the construction and operation phase have been discussed below in Chapter Fire Safety Facilities Proper fire fighting system will be designed as per the provisions of National Building Code (NBC) of India (SP 7: 1983 Part IV Amendment No. 3 of January 1997) and Fire Protection Manual issued by Tariff Advisory Committee and the latest Indian and International standards/codes. The fire protection system will cover the entire internal and external premises of the buildings Project Description

28 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Following systems are planned to be provided for the building: Wet riser cum down comer system Fire hydrants Automatic fire sprinkler system Portable Fire Extinguisher The detailed Fire Fighting Management Plan has been discussed below in Chapter Building Materials and Technologies for Construction The list of building material which will be used in the construction process of the proposed development area are discussed in Table 2.9. TABLE 2.9 : CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR PROPOSED PROJECT Name of Material Quantity Units Concrete Cum Reinforcement Grade MT Aggregate 20 mm downward Coarse & sand cum Brickwork cum Construction Period & Schedule The total construction period for the proposed development is approximately 3 years i.e. the commissioning of the project will be at the end of December Project Cost Total cost of the proposed development is Rs crore including cost of land, construction, plant machinery & other Project Description

29 Environmental Impact Assessment Report CHAPTER 3. LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK The 1972 United Nations (UN) Conference on Human Development at Stockholm influenced the need for a well-developed legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect the environment and ensure the health and well being of the people in India. Over the years, the Government of India has framed several policies and promulgated number of Acts, Rules and Notifications aimed at management and protection of the environment. As a result, our country now has a fairly comprehensive set of environmental legislation aimed at ensuring that the development process meets the overall objective of promoting sustainability in the long run. Moreover, the Indian Constitution has also incorporated specific articles to address environmental concerns through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment of As stated in the Constitution of India, it is the duty of the state (Article 48 A) to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. It imposes a duty on every citizen (Article 51 A) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Reference to the environment has also been made in the Directive Principles of State Policy as well as the Fundamental Rights. 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES Several environment policy statements have been formulated in the last few decades as a part of the Government s approach to integrate environmental and developmental aspects of planning. The policies reflect a gradual shift in emphasis from pollution abatement and control to proactive and voluntary approaches for pollution prevention in keeping with global paradigm shifts and trends in environment management. Following are some of the key policies that have been laid down by the Central Government: National Forest Policy, 1988; National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development, 1992; Policy Statement on Abatement of Pollution, National Environmental policy, 2006 Despite these policy documents, a need for a comprehensive policy statement had been evident for some time in order to infuse a common approach to the various sectoral and cross-sectoral, approaches to environmental management. As a result, a National Environment Policy (NEP, 2006) has been drawn up as a response to our national commitment to a clean environment, mandated in the Constitution in Articles 48 A and 51 A (g), strengthened by judicial interpretation of Article 21. The policy is still in draft form and addresses environmental concerns in all-developmental activities. 3.2 LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT RELATED TO BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS The proposed project is governed by various Acts, Rules and Regulations set by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) at the Central level and other regulatory agencies at the State and local level. Various environmental standards, specifications and guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State level agencies will also be applicable. It is important to note that the Central government framed an umbrella legislation, called the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to broadly encompass and regulate an array of environmental 3-16 Legal & Administrative Framework

30 Environmental Impact Assessment Report issues. The overall purpose of EPA is to establish an overall coherent policy and provide a basis for the coordinated work of various government agencies with operational responsibility for the environment and natural resources. This legislation also invests authorities with regulatory powers to address specific issues affecting the environment. The Act does not allow any person to establish an industry, operation or process that discharges or emits any environmental pollutants in excess of standards prescribed under specific rules and notifications Ministry of Environment & Forests In view of the growing importance of environmental affairs, the Government of India set up a Department of Environment in November 1980 under the portfolio of the Prime Minister. The Department, later renamed as the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) plays a pivotal role in environmental management for sustained development and for all environmental matters in the country. The major responsibilities of MoEF include: Environmental resource conservation and protection, including environmental impact assessment of developmental projects; Co-ordination with the other ministries and agencies, voluntary organizations and professional bodies on environmental action plans; Policy-planning; Promotion of research and development, manpower planning and training and creation of environmental awareness; Liaison and coordination with international agencies involved in environmental matters. Developmental project proponents are also required to submit Environmental Impact Statements/Assessments to establish that installing adequate pollution control and monitoring equipment plan preventive measures, and that effluent discharged into the environment will not exceed permissible levels. The MoEF appraises these statements/assessments and approves the project from the environmental angle. The respective State Pollution Control Board is to give a No Objection Certificate (NOC) before the EIA exercise is undertaken Maharashtra State Pollution Control Boards The proposed project is located in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) is implementing various environmental legislations in the state of Maharashtra, mainly including Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Cess) Act, 1977 and some of the provisions under Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and the rules framed there under like, Biomedical Waste (M&H) Rules, 1998, Hazardous Waste (M&H) Rules, 2000, Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000 etc. MPCB is functioning under the administrative control of Environment Department of Government of Maharashtra. Some of the important functions of MPCB are: To plan comprehensive program for the prevention, control or abatement of pollution and secure executions thereof To collect and disseminate information relating to pollution and the prevention, control or abatement thereof, 3-17 Legal & Administrative Framework

31 Environmental Impact Assessment Report To inspect sewage or trade effluent treatment and disposal facilities, and air pollution control systems and to review plans, specification or any other data relating to the treatment plants, disposal systems and air pollution control systems in connection with the consent granted, Supporting and encouraging the developments in the fields of pollution control, waste recycle reuse, eco-friendly practices etc. To educate and guide the entrepreneurs in improving environment by suggesting appropriate pollution control technologies and techniques Creation of public awareness about the clean and healthy environment and attending the public complaints regarding pollution Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) Commercial building sector in India is expanding rapidly at over 9% per year spurred largely by the strong growth in the services sector. Electricity consumption in the commercial sector in India at present accounts for about 8% of the total electricity supplied by the Electricity Utilities, and has been growing annually at about 11-12%. This is mainly attributed to the increasing energy intensiveness of newly constructed commercial buildings; Several studies in the country have shown that energy efficiency is not getting adequate attention when the new buildings are designed. Incorporation of energy efficiency provisions at the design stage of the new buildings is critical and so will be made mandatory by Ministry of Power by 2012 for all new buildings. Better to be proactive than keeping in view the Energy Conservation Act 2001 (EC Act), Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) with technical support from USAID under its Energy Conservation and Commercialization (ECO) Project, has developed Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC) Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) ECBC, considering five climatic zones in India, sets the minimum energy performance standards for large commercial buildings that have a connected load of 500 kw or greater or a contract demand of 600 k VA or more, having conditioned area of 1000 sq. m. or more. Annual energy consumption in the conditioned commercial buildings in the country is estimated to be about 200 kwh or more per sq. m of floor area. Electricity consumption in ECBC compliant buildings can be brought down to kwh per sq. m., showing energy saving potential of % depending on the hours of building use during the day, climatic conditions, etc. Ministry of Power, Government of India launched ECBC 2007 on 27 May 2007 for its implementation in commercial buildings on voluntary basis all over India, with a view to make this mandatory in the next couple of years depending upon the experience gained during the voluntary period. ECBC encourages energy efficiency for all building components and systems such as building envelope, lighting, heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), service water heating, and electric power and motors within the building facilities, while enhancing the thermal and visual comforts and productivity of the occupants ECBC mandates/prescribes U-factor and R values of insulation assembly for five climatic zones in India, Solar Heat Gain Coefficients and Visible Light Transmission levels for fenestration, energy efficiency levels of air conditioning systems, and number of other parameters for ECBC compliance in commercial buildings. In this context, good understanding of ECBC features and application of several developed products and technologies could play an important role in improving energy efficiency in the buildings, leading to energy cost savings for the building owners/users Legal & Administrative Framework

32 Environmental Impact Assessment Report The Acts, Rules and Notifications applicable to environmental aspects of the construction and operational phase of proposed project is summarized in Table 3.1 and briefly described in the following sections. TABLE 3.1 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION CONCERNING PROPOSED PROJECT Legislation Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 with Rules. EIA Notification, 2006 in supersession of 1994 notification Areas / Activities Covered Overall Environment Protection Compliance to environmental (Air, Water, Noise) Standards issued under EPR Building Construction Projects Filling up of Form I and Form 1A for projects with sq.m and <1,50,000 sq.m. of built-up area for construction projects. CRZ Notification Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 with Rules. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 with Rules. Water Cess Act, 1977 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2010, as amended Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement) Rules, 2009 (as amended) Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 2000 (as amended) Motor Vehicles Act with Rules Petroleum Act with Rules 2000 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 and subsequent amendments Protection of Air Quality Consent to Establish (CTE) for establishing and Consent to Operate (CTO) for operating units/activities causing air pollution like DG sets from SPCB Compliance to National Ambient Air Quality Standard Protection of Water Quality Discharge of sewage from the site Obtaining Consent to Establish (NOC) for establishing and Consent to Operate (CTO) for operating units/activities causing water pollution from SPCB Paying Water Cess to Local Body for sourcing of domestic water Compliance with Ambient Noise Standards in accordance to land use of the area Obtaining Authorization from SPCB for handling and storing of hazardous waste like waste oil and lubricants. Following guidance for handling and storing of such hazardous waste Notifying regulatory authority (in this case, the State Factories Inspectorate) of storage of hazardous substances like LPG Follow guidance on such storage, maintain updated MSDS, submit annual Safety Report to authority Prepare Onsite Emergency Plan Lay down restrictions for vehicles not having Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUCC) or proper labeling to enter premises Comply with guidance and safety measures for storage, and transportation of petroleum substances within project area 3-19 Legal & Administrative Framework

33 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Legislation Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 State Groundwater Regulation Siting Guidance Areas / Activities Covered premises Management (Collection, Handling, Intermediate Storage) of domestic waste from residences Conform to restriction for drawing of groundwater Arrange for recharge through Rainwater Harvesting Schemes (as applicable) Follow Siting Guidance as far as practicable Avoid sites which are environmentally sensitive 3.3 SITING OF PROJECTS The siting of developmental projects in India is managed by Siting Guidelines for activities and projects delineated by the MoEF and the CPCB. The overall purpose of the guideline is to aid proponents in judiciously selecting project sites, keeping in mind various environmental sensitivities. However, the guidelines for siting are not legally enforceable except for areas which are ecologically fragile (as notified by certain specific notifications) or are located in the Coastal Regulation Zone as demarcated by the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 and subsequent amendments. Additionally, State Governments sometimes formulate State wide siting guidelines for development planning. As per the CRZ Notification, guidelines for development of beach resorts or hotels in the designated areas of CRZ-III for occupation of tourist or visitors with prior approval of the Ministry of Environment and Forests are discussed below: I. Construction of beach resorts or hotels with prior approval of MoEF in designated areas of CRZ- III for occupation of tourist or visitors shall be subject to the following conditions, namely:- (a) The project proponent shall not undertake any construction within 200 metres in the landward side of High Tide Line and within the area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line; (b) The proposed constructions shall be beyond the hazard line or 200mts from the High Tide Line whichever is more; (c) Live fencing and barbed wire fencing with vegetative cover may be allowed around private properties subject to the condition that such fencing shall in no way hamper public access to the beach; (d) No flattening of sand dunes shall be carried out; (e) No permanent structures for sports facilities shall be permitted except construction of goal posts, net posts and lamp posts; (f) Construction of basement may be allowed subject to the condition that no objection certification is obtained from the State Ground Water Authority to the effect that such construction will not adversely affect fee flow of groundwater in that area; (g) The State Ground Water Authority shall take into consideration the guidelines issued by Central Government before granting such no objection certificate; 3-20 Legal & Administrative Framework

34 Environmental Impact Assessment Report (h) Though no construction is allowed in the no development zone for the purposes of calculation of Floor Space Index, the area of entire plot including the portion which falls within the no development zone shall be taken into account; (i) The total plot size shall not be less than 0.4 hectares and the total covered area on all floors shall not exceed 33 percent of the plot size i.e., the Floor Space Index shall not exceed 0.33 and the open area shall be suitably landscaped with appropriate vegetal cover; (j) The construction shall be consistent with the surrounding landscape and local architectural style; (k) The overall height of construction upto the highest ridge of the roof, shall not exceed 9 metres and the construction shall not be more than two floors (ground floor plus one upper floor); (l) Groundwater shall not be tapped within 200metre of the High Tide Line; within the 200metre 500metre zone it can be tapped only with the concurrence of the Central or State Ground Water Board; (m) Extraction of sand, leveling or digging of sandy stretches except for structural foundation of building, swimming pool shall not be permitted within 500metres of the High Tide Line; the quality of treated effluents, solid wastes, emissions and noise levels and the like, from the project area must conform to the standards laid down by the competent authorities including the Central or State Pollution Control Board and under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; (o) Necessary arrangements for the treatment of the effluents and solid wastes must be made and it must be ensured that the untreated effluents and solid wastes are not discharged into the water or on the beach; and no effluent or solid waste shall be discharged on the beach; (p) To allow public access to the beach, atleast a gap of 20metres width shall be provided between any two hotels or beach resorts; and in no case shall gaps be less than 500metres apart; and (q) If the project involves diversion of forestland for non-forest purposes, clearance as required under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 shall be obtained and the requirements of other Central and State laws as applicable to the project shall be met with; and (r) Approval of the State or Union territory Tourism Department shall be obtained. II. In ecologically sensitive areas (such as marine parks, mangroves, coral reefs, breeding and spawning grounds of fish, wildlife habitats and such other area as may be notified by the Central or State Government Union territories) construction of beach resorts or hotels shall not be permitted Environmental Clearance of Developmental Projects The requirement involved in the setting up of select development projects (projects with potential to cause significant environmental impacts) in India is through the Environmental Clearance (EC) Process affected on the basis of an Environmental Impact Assessment study/filling up of necessary forms. The EC process is mandated by the EIA notification dated September 14, 2006 and is administered by the State level regulatory and government bodies (as the State Pollution Control Board and the Environment Departments) and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (until formation of committee as mandated by EIA notification of September 14, 2006) at the Central Government level Legal & Administrative Framework

35 Environmental Impact Assessment Report The following projects or activities shall require prior environmental clearance from the concerned regulatory authority, which shall hereinafter referred to be as the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests for matters falling under Category A in the Schedule and at State level the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) for matters falling under Category B in the said Schedule, before any construction work, or preparation of land by the project management except for securing the land, is started on the project or activity: 1. All new projects or activities listed in the Schedule to this notification 2. Expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the Schedule to this notification with addition of capacity beyond the limits specified for the concerned sector, that is, projects or activities which cross the threshold limits given in the Schedule, after expansion or modernization 3. Any change in product - mix in an existing manufacturing unit included in Schedule beyond the specified range. Building /Construction projects/area Development projects and Townships projects have been categorized under Item 8 of the Schedule. 8 (a) Any building and construction projects with area sq.mtrs and <1,50,000 sq.mtrs. of built-up area would require filling up of Form I and Form IA. 8 (b) Any Townships and Area Development projects Covering an area 50 ha and or built up area 1,50,000 sq.mtrs would require Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study apart from Form I and Form IA. As per the above categorization of developmental projects, the proposed project falls in 8(a) category and do not require the EIA study, but is falling in CRZ area, and therefore require the detailed EIA report for obtaining CRZ clearance. The Consent to Establish (also termed as the No Objection Certificate or NOC) under the Air and Water Acts would be an independent work. 3.1 COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ) NOTIFICATION (AMENDED IN 2011) As per the CRZ Notification of MoEF, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government, with a view to ensure livelihood security to the fisher communities and other local communities, living in the coastal areas, to conserve and protect coastal stretches, its unique environment and its marine area and to promote development through sustainable manner based on scientific principles taking into account the dangers of natural hazards in the coastal areas, sea level rise due to global warming, does hereby, declare the coastal stretches of the country and the water area upto its territorial water limit, excluding the islands of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep and the marine areas surrounding these islands upto its territorial limit, as Coastal Regulation Zone (hereinafter referred to as the CRZ) and restricts the setting up and expansion of any industry, operations or processes and manufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous substances as specified in the Hazardous Substances (Handling, Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2009 in the aforesaid CRZ. The proposed project is lying in CRZ -III category of coastal area, according to which theses areas are relatively undisturbed and do not belong to either CRZ-I or II which include coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas, which are not substantially built up Legal & Administrative Framework

36 Environmental Impact Assessment Report 3.2 USAGE OF WATER & WATER POLLUTION The use of water resources and the discharge of polluted water (sewerage) are primarily regulated by the Water Cess Act, 1977 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution), Cess Act, 1977 including Rules 1978 and 1991 provides for levy and collection of Cess on water consumed by the local authorities and by persons carrying on certain industries with a view to generate resources for prevention and control of water pollution. It also covers specifications on afixing of meters, furnishing of returns, assessment of Cess, interest payable for delay in payment of Cess and penalties for non-payment of Cess within the specified time. The project will fall under the Act only if they source water from water supply schemes of urban municipalities and corporations and these bodies levy such cess as some form of water tax to the proposed project. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution), Act, 1974 including Rules, 1975 (as amended up to 1988) provides for the prevention and control of water pollution and maintaining or restoring good water quality for any establishment. The Act assigns functions and powers to the CPCB and SPCBs for prevention and control of water pollution and all related matters. The Environment (Protection) Rules under the EPA also lays down specific standards for quality of water effluents to be discharged into different type of water bodies (sewers, surface water bodies like lakes and rivers, marine discharge). The standards are presented in Annexure 3.1. Of late, with rapid depletion of groundwater resources in several areas of the country, efforts have been initiated to regulate the use of groundwater resources. The focus of such acts and rules (many are which are still in draft form) is to provide for mechanisms that would lead to replenishment of groundwater reserves through techniques like ground water recharging. Although in this case, project site is located just near the seashore and water table in the area is already high, therefore do not require ground water recharge. 3.3 AIR QUALITY The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 including Rules 1982 and 1983 was enacted to prevent, control and reduce air and noise pollution. According to Section 21 of the Act, no person shall establish or operate any activity, which can cause air pollution without obtaining Consent to Establish (CTE) as per the Air Act. The Act also lays down national ambient air quality standards for common pollutants like PM 2.5, PM 10, Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x ), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Lead (Pb) with the intent of managing air quality for different category of areas (residential, industrial and sensitive). The EPR also specifies source emission standards determined on the basis of the impact of pollutants on human health, vegetation and property for activities, which can pollute the air. The project would not contribute much to air pollution, The relevant standards are presented in Annexure 3.2. The SPCBs, on a case to basis, can also make the emission standards more stringent on the considerations of the carrying capacity of a specific air shed and the existing pollution levels of ambient air quality. It may be noted that normally the CTE for the Air and Water Act is provided in the form of a No Objection Certificate (NOC) to the project proponent when the project falls under the 32 categories of activities covered by the EIA notification Legal & Administrative Framework

37 Environmental Impact Assessment Report 3.4 NOISE LEVEL With the objective of regulating ambient noise level in the environment, the Central Government has notified the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, dated 26 th December 1989 and amended in February 14, 2000 under the EPA. The noise standards for different category of areas is based on the A weighted equivalent noise level (L eq ) are as presented in Annexure 3.3. Noise standards in the work environment (would be relevant for construction phase of the project) are specified by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, USA), which in turn are being enforced by Government of India through model rules framed under the Factories Act and Rules. The EPR also lays down equipment specific noise emission standards for Air conditioners and Construction Equipment, which would be in use for the proposed project. Specific standards for control of noise from traffic and other sources and measures to be taken for reduction of noise by using acoustic treatment, exhaust muffler have also been specified through the Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2002 notified through notification GSR 371 (E) on 17 th May, SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT A monitoring committee, would be responsible for collection and handling of domestic solid waste to an approved waste disposal site as per the provisions of the Municipal Solid Waste Rules, The following provisions would apply to the project: Organize collection of municipal solid wastes through any of the methods, like collection on regular pre-informed timings and scheduling. Ensure that any hazardous wastes are not mixed with municipal solid wastes and that such wastes follow the rules of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2003 separately specified for the purpose; Separately collect and dispose horticultural, construction and demolition waste in accordance with local legislation, bylaws or directives issued by the authorities concerned. Establish storage facilities by taking into account quantities of waste generation in the resort and locate them in such a way that it is accessible to the residents. Ensure that such storage facilities are aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly and designed in a way that wastes stored are not exposed. The storage facilities or bins should also be of easy to operate design for handling, transfer and transportation of waste. Bins for storage of biodegradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black. Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper precaution with due care for safety of workers The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 require facilities to classify wastes into categories, manage them as per the prescribed guidelines and obtain prior authorization from the SPCB for handling, treatment, storage and disposal of Hazardous Wastes. The project has the potential to generate hazardous waste during its construction and operational phases and such waste generation should be properly monitored and managed. The following kinds of hazardous waste may be generated from the construction phase of the project: Spent oil and lubricants from construction equipments; Paint residues during the painting of the buildings; Asbestos Contaminated Material (ACM) generated from dismantling of temporary housing for construction workers Legal & Administrative Framework

38 Environmental Impact Assessment Report 3.6 CENTRAL GROUND WATER AUTHORITY (CGWA) NOTIFICATION The Central Government constituted the Central Ground Water Authority vide notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests vide Number S.O. 38 (E) dated the 14th January, 1997, as amended from time to time, for the purposes of regulation and control of ground water development and management in the whole of India. The Authority in exercise of its powers and performance of its functions under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (No. 29 of 1986) is empowered to issue directions in writing to any person, officer or any Authority and such person, officer or authority shall be bound to comply with such directions. As per the details available by Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) report on the ground water resource estimation in the year 2009 (Source:-CGWB, Sindhudurg), all the talukas of Sindhudurg district fall under Safe category 3.7 OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES The Central Motor Vehicle Act (MVA) and Rules, 1989 (MVR) prescribe that vehicles falling in the category of transport vehicles (buses, trucks, taxis and auto rickshaws) undergo an annual fitness certification. The motor vehicle inspectors attached to the State Transport Department generally carry out this function. Additionally, vehicle owners also have to obtain Pollution under Check Certificate (PUCC) from a recognized testing center and display it on their vehicles. Additionally, to address the problem of risk associated with transportation of hazardous substances by road and the consequences of transportation emergencies, should they arise, provisions have been laid down in the MVR. Accordingly, any road carriage involved with the transportation of hazardous goods which can be harmful to human life or which can possibly cause damage to the environment in case of accidents and spillage shall have to comply with the labeling requirements and safety guidance specified in the MVR Legal & Administrative Framework

39 Environmental Impact Assessment Report CHAPTER 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS M/s. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. intends to develop a Beach Resort at Sagartirth encompassing three villages Sagartirth, Tank & Temb in Taluka Vengurla, Sindhudurg District in Maharashtra. The proposed project comprises of a resort comprised of guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The entire complex would be developed in an area of 219,084 m 2, which comprises of a resort including guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The total built-up area is approximately 61, m 2. As mentioned above that the M/s Elite Townships Pvt. Ltd. is planning to develop a Beach Resort Project on the above said area for which Environmental Impact Assessment will be carried out. This baseline study is part of the same. Nearest big towns are Vengurla and Sawantwadi. The site is adjoining the beach and is mainly an orchard of Coconut and Cashew. The Site is approachable by SH4 Vengurla-Shiroda Road. The site is located to the south of Vengurla town and south west of Sawantwadi. The site is spread over an area of acres. The guiding factors for the present baseline study are the MoEF s requirements for the Environmental Impact Assessment notification and local regulations and directives. The primary study area for the proposed development is within a radius of 3-5 km from the center of the development site since most of the potential impacts are most likely to occur within this area. The baseline study and primary data collection was carried out in the winter (14 th Febuary to 15 th March) season of year Land Environment Landuse and Landcover The land-use and land-cover of the study area has been interpreted from the satellite data, route survey maps of the area, and subsequently by ground checking during field surveys. The land uses within 10 km radius from the project site has been studied and presented in the Table 4.1. The land use in the study area characterized by i)..residential ii). Industrial iii). Open Scrub iv). Transportation v). Water Bodies vi). Sea vii). Beach viii). Tree Cover ix). Agricultural Land TABLE 4.1: LANDUSE WITHIN 10 KM FROM THE PROJECT SITE Sl. No. Landuse Type Percentage 1. Residential Industrial Area Open Scrub Transportation Water Bodies Sea Beach Tree Cover Agriculture land The land use map for the proposed project site is enclosed as Annexure Legal & Administrative Framework

40 4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT Meteorology Meteorology In order to assess the meteorology of the region, long term secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from IMD station at Vengurla taluka of Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra and analyzed. The data for mean maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, mean wind speed and wind direction for the year have been collected from IMD climatological Table of Observation in India and is being presented in Table 4.2. TABLE 4.2: CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE OF VENGURLA TALUKA Month Monthly Mean max. temp. ( C) Monthly Mean min. temp. ( C) Total Rainfall (mm) Relative Humidity (%) Mean Wind Speed (km/h) Wind Direction Year ( ) January N February N March N April N May N June W July W August W September W October N November N December N Temperature: Summer season is from March to May. The mean max. temperature during summer varies from C to C. December to January constitutes the winter season and mean min temperatures vary from max. of C to a min. of C. The monsoon session continues from June to September. The Post-monsoon period extends from October to November. The data for ambient temperature recorded at Vengula IMD Station is presented in Table 4.2. Rainfall Rainfall in Vengurla city is maximum ( mm) in the month of July and minimum (0.2 mm) in the month of January and February. Total annual rainfall of the Vengurla Taluka is mm. Humidity The average relative humidity values varied from the lowest of 73 % in the month of April to the highest of 90% during August and September Baseline Environmental Status

41 Wind Speed and Direction The mean wind speed is recorded to be 6.84 km/hr. Apart from this, as per the climatological data for the year , wind rose pattern for Vengurla Taluka is recorded to be in North direction. Climatic parameters like rainfall, temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction of the Sindhudurg district for 5 days (from the date 5 th to 9 th June, 2013) has been found from secondary source Indian Meteorological department (IMD) and is discussed below in Table 4.3 TABLE 4.3 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA Parameters Day1 05/06/2013 Day2 06/06/2013 Day3 07/06/2013 Day4 08/06/2013 Day 5 09/06/2013 Rainfall Max Temperature (degree C) Min Temperature (degree C) Total Cloud Cover (octa) Max Relative Humidity(%) Min Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (kmph) Wind Direction (degree) Primary baseline monitoring was carried out as per the standard methodologies and accepted protocols as detailed by the MoEF. Air quality was monitored with high volume samplers for 24 hours, twice a week for one month. Each sampler was maintained at volumetric flow rate ranging between m 3 /min. Analysis of pollutants was done as per standard IS code methods. A site specific background air quality monitoring program was conducted near the proposed project site in the winter (14 th Febuary to 15 th March) season of Background data was collected for PM 2.5, PM 10, SO 2, NOx,& CO. Five sampling stations were located within a region of 3 km from the site, so as to cover the overall air quality status of the region. Also, project emissions are not likely to have significant impacts beyond such a distance. For selection of the monitoring locations, long-term meteorological trends were taken into consideration to obtain the predominant wind direction during the sampling period. In this manner, three air quality monitor stations AQ2, AQ3 and AQ5 were placed in crosswind, downwind direction, AQ4 in the upwind and AQ1 at the site. Monitors were placed at sensitive receptors (i.e. nearby residential area), where safety and power were available. Monitors were placed on one-storey dwellings and away from major roads and nearby flow obstructions (i.e. trees). The monitoring locations are specified in Annexure 4.2 and Table 4.4. TABLE 4.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS Location Name of the location Approximate distance to Site Upwind/ Downwind from site AQ1 Project Site AQ2 Mochemad 2.2 KM Crosswind AQ3 Nhaichiaad 2.3 KM Crosswind AQ4 Shiroda 2.5 KM Upwind 4-28 Baseline Environmental Status

42 Location Name of the location Approximate distance to Site Upwind/ Downwind from site AQ5 Velagar 1 KM Downwind Monitoring results (observed levels and ranges) of PM 2.5, PM 10, SO 2, NOx, O 3, CO, Pb, As Ni and NH 3 are presented in the Table 4.5 to Table 4.9. AQ1 TABLE 4.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ1- PROJECT SITE PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) PM 2.5 (µg/m3) SO 2 (µg/m3) NOx (µg/m3) CO (µg/m3) Max Min Arithmetic Mean NAAQS AQ2 TABLE 4.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ2- MOCHEMAD VILLAGE PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) PM 2.5 (µg/m3) SO 2 (µg/m3) NOx (µg/m3) CO (µg/m3) Max Min Arithmetic Mean NAAQS AQ3 TABLE 4.7 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ3- NAICHIAAD VILLAGE PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) PM 2.5 (µg/m3) SO 2 (µg/m3) NOx (µg/m3) CO (µg/m3) Max Min Arithmetic Mean NAAQS AQ4 TABLE 4.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ4- SHIRODA VILLAGE PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) SO 2 (µg/m 3 ) NOx (µg/m 3 ) CO (µg/m 3 ) Max Min Arithmetic Mean NAAQS Baseline Environmental Status

43 AQ5 TABLE 4.9 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ5- VELAGAR VILLAGE PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) SO 2 (µg/m 3 ) NOx (µg/m 3 ) CO (µg/m 3 ) Max Min Arithmetic Mean NAAQS With respect to pollutants, the results of the monitoring program indicate the average observed concentration of PM 10, PM 2.5, NOx, SO 2, & CO, is within NAAQS for industrial, residential, rural and other areas at all the identified locations. The details of each parameter are described below. With compare to NAAQS for residential /rural and other habitable Areas. PM 10 Average PM 10 levels at all the locations in the study area are below the NAAQS standards. The maximum levels are observed at AQ4. The results are given in Table Graphical representation of PM 10 levels is shown in Figure 4.1. Monitoring Results PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) TABLE 4.10 BASELINE AIR QUALITY PM 10 Location Maximum Minimum Arithmetic Mean Area Designation NAAQS AQ Rural 100 AQ Rural 100 AQ Rural 100 AQ Rural 100 AQ Rural 100 FIGURE 4.1 PM 10 LEVEL COMPARISON AT 5 LOCATIONS 4-30 Baseline Environmental Status

44 PM 2.5 Average PM 2.5 levels at all the locations in the study area are below the NAAQS standards. The maximum levels are observed at AQ4. The baseline monitoring results are given in Table 4.11 Graphical representation of PM 2.5 levels is shown in Figure 4.2. Monitoring Results- PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) TABLE 4.11 BASELINE AIR QUALITY PM 2.5 Location Maximum Minimum Arithmetic Area Mean Designation NAAQS AQ Rural 60 AQ Rural 60 AQ Rural 60 AQ Rural 60 AQ Rural 60 FIGURE 4.2 PM 2.5 LEVEL COMPARISON AT 5 LOCATIONS SO 2 The SO 2 levels at all the locations were found to be well within the NAAQS standards. Maximum SO 2 concentration of 11.1 µg/m 3 was recorded at AQ4. The baseline monitoring results are given in Table Graphical representation of SO 2 levels is shown in Figure 4.3. Monitoring Results SO 2 (µg/m 3 ) TABLE 4.12 BASELINE AIR QUALITY SO 2 Location Maximum Minimum Arithmetic Mean Area Designation NAAQS AQ Rural 80 AQ Rural 80 AQ Rural 80 AQ Rural 80 AQ Rural Baseline Environmental Status

45 FIGURE 4.3 SO 2 LEVEL COMPARISONS AT 5 LOCATIONS NOx Pollution level of NOx is low in the region and confirms the NAAQS standards at all locations during the entire monitoring period. Highest NOx levels were reported at AQ4. The baseline monitoring results are given in Table Graphical representation of NO x levels is shown in Figure 4.4. Monitoring Results- NO X (µg/m 3 ) TABLE 4.13 BASELINE AIR QUALITY NO X Location Maximum Minimum Arithmetic Mean Area Designation NAAQS AQ Rural 80 AQ Rural 80 AQ Rural 80 AQ Rural 80 AQ Rural 80 FIGURE 4.4 NO X LEVEL COMPARISON AT 5 LOCATIONS 4-32 Baseline Environmental Status

46 CO The average results at all sites were well within the prescribed NAAQS standards. The baseline monitoring results are given in Table Graphical representation of CO levels is shown in Figure 4.5. Monitoring Results CO (µg/m 3 ) Location Maximum Minimum TABLE 4.14 BASELINE AIR QUALITY CO Arithmetic Mean Area Designation NAAQS AQ Rural 2000 AQ Rural 2000 AQ Rural 2000 AQ Rural 2000 AQ Rural 2000 FIGURE 4.5 CO LEVEL COMPARISON AT 5 LOCATIONS 4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT An assessment of baseline noise quality was undertaken to (a) establish the status of exposure, and (b) identify the noise pollution levels of the proposed road. This assessment was accomplished by conducting a site specific background monitoring program where appropriate, site specific data were compared to the applicable Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise (AAQSRN). The background-monitoring program was done in accordance with the requirements of an EIA study. Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were automatically recorded to give the noise level for every hour continuously for 24 hours. Accordingly data was collected at the monitoring locations and given in Table TABLE 4.15 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS Monitoring Station Description of Location Distance to Site (km) NQ1 Project Site 0 NQ2 Saraswati Vidhyalaya, 0.2 NQ3 Sagartirath beach road (Bhakarwadi) Baseline Environmental Status

47 Table 4.16 provides equivalent noise levels viz., L eqday, at the noise monitoring locations, alongside noise standards as prescribed by the CPCB (Table 4.17). L eq calculation is based on following equation: n L = eq, T 10 log 1/ n 10 i= 1 Where, L i = levels observed at n equally spaced times during interval T. Li 10 TABLE 4.16 MONITORING RESULTS NOISE Location Day Time Night Time L eq [db(a)] Limit [db(a)] L eq [db(a)] Limit [db(a)] NQ NQ NQ TABLE 4.17 AMBIANT NOISE QUALITY STANDARDS Area Code Category of Area/Zone Limits in db(a) Leq Day Time Night Time (A) Industrial area (B) Commercial area (C) Residential area (D) Silence Zone Daytime shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to p.m. 2. Nighttime shall mean from p.m. to 6.00 a.m. 3. Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are zones, which are declared as such by the competent authority. 4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the competent authority. The results of the monitoring program indicates that the levels of noise were below the prescribed AAQSRN standards except the day time level at NQ2 and NQ3 and night time noise level at NQ3. Figure 4.6 & Figure 4.7 shows the Noise level comparisons at 3 locations during day and night time Baseline Environmental Status

48 FIGURE 4.6 DAY TIME NOISE LEVEL COMPARISON AT 3 LOCATIONS FIGURE 4.7 DAY TIME NOISE LEVEL COMPARISON AT 3 LOCATIONS 4.4 TRAFFIC PATTERN AND DENSITY Traffic was surveyed at the junction of Vengurla Shiroda road (SH4) and Velagar road towards site. Vehicular traffic counts were performed on either side of the studied roads to provide background values of traffic density, and correlate such data to the levels of air pollution along the road. Vehicular traffic on these roads included heavy vehicle, light vehicle, three wheelers, and two wheelers. Major traffic flow occurs between 8 am to 8 pm on these roads. The additional traffic due to the project would also occur in this time duration only. A summary of the data is presented in Table TABLE 4.18 TRAFFIC STATISTICS OF STUDIED ROADS Road Vehicle Type Vengurla to Shiroda (SH4) Velagar Road near Project site Two Wheeler Baseline Environmental Status

49 Road Vehicle Type Vengurla to Shiroda (SH4) Velagar Road near Project site Three Wheeler Four Wheeler HMV Total PCU FIGURE 4.8 TRAFFIC FLOW COMPARISON AT 2 LOCATIONS 4.5 SOIL At each location, soil samples were collected from depths of around 1 m below the surface. The samples were then packed in a polythene plastic bag and sealed. The samples from three different depths were homogenized and the sealed samples were sent to laboratory at for analysis. The details of the sampling locations are given in Table 4.19 and the analysis results of all the locations are presented in Table TABLE 4.19 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS Sr. No. Code Location 1 S1 Project Site 2 S2 Sarsavati Vidhylay near Project site, 3 S3 Sagartirath Beach Road near project north side TABLE 4.20 SOIL SAMPLING RESULTS Sr. No Parameter Units S1 S2 S3 1 Bulk Density gm/ml Salinity ppt Porosity % Texture Class Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy 5 Silt % Baseline Environmental Status

50 6 Clay % Sand % ph( 5% Solution) Electrical Conductivity µs Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100gm Sodium mg/lit Potassium mg/lit Nitrogen mg/lit Magnesium mg/lit Phosphorous mg/lit SAR mg/lit Water Holding Capacity ml/100 gm Iron as Fe mg/kg Copper as Cu mg/kg 0.01 BDL BDL 20 Zinc as Zn mg/kg BDL 21 Manganese as Mn mg/kg BDL 22 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 0.01 BDL BDL BDL Below Detection Level Soil analysis results are summarized below: Bulk density varies between 1.2 to 1.5 gm/ml. Soil texture was sandy loam. ph ranged from 5.1 to 7.6. Water holding capacity of soil varies between to ml/100 gm mg/kg copper was detected at Project Site while at other two locations it was below detection level. Zinc was found at 2 locations, varying between 2.67 to 1.66 mg/kg. Nickel was detected at one location i.e. project site as 0.01 mg/kg and manganese were found in the range of 0.79 to 1.45 mg/kg. Iron was found in the range of mg/kg. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) values are between 6.27 to WATER ENVIRONMENT Ground Water Scenario of the district Depth to Water Level Pre-monsoon (May-2007) and Post-monsoon (November-2007) The depth to water levels in the district during May 2007 ranges between 1.94 and mbgl. The shallow water levels within 10 mbgl are seen in almost entire district.at project site, pre monsoon depth to water level ranges between 5-10 mbgl. The depth to water levels during Pre Monsoon Nov ranges between 0.01 m bgl and mbgl. In the entire district the water levels are shallow within 5 m bgl. The water levels of 2 to 5 m bgl are the most dominant range. At the project site, Post Monsoon depth top water level ranges between Baseline Environmental Status

51 mbgl. The depth to water level both during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon of the district has been shown below in Figure Baseline Environmental Status

52 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra FIGURE 4.9 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL DURING PRE-MONSOON AND POST MONSOON Depth to Water level (Pre Monsoon) Depth to Water level (Post Monsoon) 4-39 Baseline Environmental Status

53 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Ground and Surface Water quality of the project site The samples were collected and analyzed as per the procedures specified in IS:3025 and compared with the standards for drinking water quality as per IS:10500 applicable for ground and surface water respectively. Physico-chemical parameters along with microbiological indicators of pollution have been analyzed for assessing the baseline status of water environment and identification of impacts due to the project activity. The water sampling locations are given in Table 4.21 and the analysis results are presented in Table 4.22 TABLE 4.21 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS Sr. No. Code Location Type of Water 1 GW1 Project site Ground Water 2 GW2 Near Project site - bungalow Ground Water 3 SW1 Arabian sea Near project site Surface Water TABLE 4.22 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS GROUND WATER Sr. No. Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 Standard as per IS: Colour Unit <5 <5 5 Hazen unit 2 Odour -- UN UN UN 3 Turbidity NTU NTU 4 ph Temperature 0 C Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/lit mg/lit. 7 Calcium as Ca mg/lit mg/lit. 8 Magnesium as Mg mg/lit mg/lit. 9 Total Alkalinity mg/lit mg/lit. 10 Chloride as Cl- mg/lit mg/lit Sulphate as SO 4 mg/lit mg/lit. 12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/lit mg/lit. 13 Fluoride as F mg/lit mg/lit. 14 Sodium mg/lit Potassium mg/lit Salinity Total Nitrogen mg/lit Total Phosphorous mg/lit Cadmium as Cd mg/lit. BDL BDL 20 Lead as Pb mg/lit. BDL BDL BDL: Below Detectable Limit UN: Unobjectionable Water quality results of ground water are summarized below: ph of the well water samples around the site varied between 7.47 to Total hardness of ground water samples varied between 110 to 515 mg/l Baseline Environmental Status

54 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Alkalinity value varied between mg/l for ground water samples. Nitrate was 0.9 to 0.66 mg/l. Cd and Pb were below detectable limits in all the samples. TABLE 4.23 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS SURFACE WATER Sr. No. Parameter Unit SW-1 1 Colour Unit <5 2 Odour 3 Turbidity NTU 2 4 ph Temperature 0 C Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/lit Calcium as Ca mg/lit Magnesium as Mg mg/lit Total Alkalinity mg/lit Chloride as Cl- mg/lit. 22, Sulphate as SO 4 mg/lit Nitrate as NO3 mg/lit Fluoride as F mg/lit Sodium mg/lit Potassium mg/lit Salinity Total Nitrogen mg/lit Total Phosphorous mg/lit Cadmium as Cd mg/lit. BDL 20 Lead as Pb mg/lit. BDL BDL: Below Detectable Limit UN: Unobjectionable -- UN 4.7 ECOLOGY Due to the location of the site, which is part of the Sagartirath beach, the site characteristic is mainly dry coastal. The flora and fauna studied on the site was mainly adapted to humid coastal climatic conditions. A foot survey was carried out for about 5 km from the site in three directions, North, South and East. The west ward side being sea, there was no necessity for a land survey. The survey revealed that on south as well as on North, there were similar orchards owned by different people and the entire coastline was covered by the private orchards, leaving little room for natural vegetation. However, in the eastern direction, the vegetation changes rapidly due to the presence of village Aravli and one can see more varieties of crops and plants used by people for their living Baseline Environmental Status

55 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Existing Site access road connect SH4 (Shiroda-Vengurla) SH4 (Vengurla to Shiroda) The basic soil is coastal sandy soil with predominance of dry coastal vegetation in the non cultivated areas. The western side of the site is predominantly sand dunes and the westernmost dunes are well stabilised by natural dune vegetation, casuarina plantations and invasive vegetation that has widely spread along the coast. Dry costal vegetation Sandy Beach North boundary of project site Sand Dune on western side of site Arabian Sea s tidal movement drain sand into the project site land 4-42 Baseline Environmental Status

56 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra The western most dune is about 60 m in breadth and runs beyond the property for several hundred m on both sides, intercepted by a public road and the natural water drains coming from the land. The primary objectives of the study were: To analyze the vegetation types both qualitatively and quantitatively; To prepare floristic checklist for the property; To prepare list of rare and endangered plant species if any; To prepare faunal checklist of the property; To prepare rare and endangered animal species, if any; To evaluate the importance of the site as a wildlife habitat; Methodology & Materials The ecological status survey was undertaken in June The primary data relating to flora, fauna and agricultural diversity of the area was generated on site. Phytosociology A nested quadrate technique was used for sampling the vegetation. The size and number of quadrates needed were determined using the species area curve (Mishra, 1968) and the running mean method (Kershaw, 1973). Summarization of previously used methods and recommendations led to the use of more than often (10x10m) quadrates laid out for sampling the tree stratum and 1x1m quadrates for herbs, grasses and seedlings of tree species less than 1.3cm dbh (diameter at breast height). The enumeration of the vegetation was done by measuring dbh individually in case of woody vegetation, and collar diameter in case of herbs and grasses using the tree caliper and electronic digital caliper. In case of grasses and sedges, each erect shoot is considered to a plant tiller and the enumeration was done by laying 1m x 1m quadrates at random, further subdivided into 10 x 10 cm segments. Four such segments selected at random were analyzed from each quadrate by counting the tillers individually as per the method used was that of Singh and Yadava (1974). Diversity of the Forest Vegetation The tree species diversity for each stand in different forest types was determined using Shannon Wiener information function (Shannon and Wiener, 1963), which is: Where, Ni is the total number of individuals of species i and N is the total number of all species in a stand. Concentration of dominance Concentration of dominance (Cd) was measured by Simpson Index (Simpson, 1949): Where, Ni and N were the same as for Shannon Wiener information function. This index ranges from one, if all the individuals belong to one species, to (1/s) if they are equally divided among species (S). Faunal Study Terrestrial Fauna Ground surveys were carried out by trekking the core and the buffer zones. For sampling butterflies the standard Pollard Walk methodology was used by recording all the species that were encountered 4-43 Baseline Environmental Status

57 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra while trekking along the foot trails between these two sites, daily. Sampling was done for 1 hour in a stretch on each transect (n = 4). For sampling birds point sampling along the fixed transects (foot trails) was carried out to record all the species of birds observed with the help of binoculars; field guides and photography for 1 hour on each transect (n=4). For sampling mammals, direct count on open width (20 m) transect was used on the same transects for 1 hour in each transect. Besides, information on recent sightings / records of mammals by the villagers and locals was also collected from these areas. Reptiles mainly lizards were sampled by direct count on open width transects for 1 hour in each transect. General Survey Vegetation types were closely observed and identified, as also vegetation types were sampled for assessing ecological status. The vegetation types were based on the composition of the area and dominant species found in them. The identified vegetation types have been confirmed from published and authenticated sources. TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM Vegetation Characteristic In an aerial view, the land appears mainly as a coconut plantation, interspersed with Casurina, Australian Acacia and Cashew. In composition, about 60% plantation is that of Coconut. Cashew is about 15% and another 20% is invaded by Acacia auriculiformes and Acacia mangium. The site has over 60% ground cover by the well grown orchards. Trees are matured and are over 20 years old. The coconut plantation is mainly in the dune areas whereas Cashew and Acacia are mainly on the landward side, where there is some amount of laterite mixed in the soil. Towards the entrance, there is avenue plantation of Acacia mixed with Eucalyptus. The proposed site has been owned by different owners in the past. There are some hedge plants that differentiate these individual plots. Opuntia species has been generally used for the hedges. Over the years, there has been Ipomoea pes-caprae, lantana and some other coastal plants that have mixed with these. The entire plot being fenced with barbed wire and guarded by security men, there were no cattles seen straying within the property. The Casurina plantation for stabilizing the sand dunes is over matured and requires systematic replantation and clear felling. Casurinas are over 45 feet tall and some of them show broad buttressed stems growing over 2 metres in circumference.the sand dunes are vital for this property and needs to be well secured whether the proposed development is allowed or not. The plant list on the site is detailed in the Table TABLE 4.24 SITE FLORA OF PROPOSED PROJECT Sr. No Common Name Scientific Name Habit Abundance the region 1. Coconut Cocos nusifera Tree Abundant 2. Suru Casurina equisitifolial Tree Moderate 3. Australian Babul Acacia auriculiformes Tree Abundant 4. Australian Babul Acacia mangium Tree Abundant in 4-44 Baseline Environmental Status

58 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Sr. No Common Name Scientific Name Habit Abundance the region 5. Black Plum Syzigium cumini Tree Abundant 6. Pangara Erythrina indica Tree Abundant 7. Ber Zizyphus mauritiana Tree Abundant 8. Sida Sida rhombifolia Herb Abundant 9. Ipoemoea Ipoemoea tuberose Creeper Abundant 10. Nilgiri Eucalyptus globules Tree Moderate 11. Ghaneri Lantana camara Shrub Abundant Aeschynomene indica Herb Abundant Alysicarpus bupleurifolius Herb Moderate Alysicarpus monilifer Herb Moderate Alysicarpus vaginalis Herb Moderate Canavalia maritime Perennial creeper Low 17. Takla Cassia tora Herb Abundant 18. Tag Crotalaria retusa Under Shrub Moderate 19. Tag Crotalaria striata Herb Moderate 20. Tag Crotalaria verrucosa Herb Moderate Derris triflorum Woody creeper Moderate Desmodium triflorum Herb Moderate 23. Karanj Pongamia pinnata Tree Moderate 24. Rui Calotropis gigantium Shrub Moderate Tephrosia purpurea Under Shrub Moderate Vigna spp. Creeping herb Low Zornia gibbosa Herb Low Vitex trifolia Shrub Abundant Opuntia sp Shrub Abundant Aeluropus lagopoides Grass Abundant Cyperus sps Grass Moderate 32. Screw pine Pandanus pandanus Tree Moderate 33. Mango Mangifera indica Tree Abundant 34. Amarvel Cuscuta sps. Parasitic creeper Abundant 35. Bhendi Thespesia populnea Tree Abundant 36. Karvanda Carissa congesta Shrub Abundant Cullen corylifolia Herb Abundant Ixora coccinea Shrub Abundant Cryptolepis buchanani Climber Abundant Ipomoea pes-caprae Runner Abundant Aerides crispum Orchid Abundant Solanum virginianum Herb Abundant Cyanotis faciculata Herb Moderate in 4-45 Baseline Environmental Status

59 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Sr. No Common Name Scientific Name Habit Abundance the region Sesbania bispinosa Herb Abundant Mirabilis jalapa Shrub Abundant in Casurina equisitifolial (Suru) Plantation Cashew and coconut Plantation (Opuntia ficus-indica) Cactus along boundary of Project site Cashew and Eucalyptus globules plantation Birds: The bird activity was found to be high. Mainly the insectivorus species were active throughout the study period. The shorebirds were not seen. The large casurina trees were acting as good perches for the Brahminy kites and White bellied Sea eagle. The avifauna sighted on the site is described in the Table TABLE 4.25 SITE AVIFAUNA C : Common, R: Rare; O: Occasional, VC: Very Common, UC: Uncommon, No. Common Name Scientific Name Status 1. Ashy prinia Prinia socialis O 2. Asian koel Eudynamys scolapacea C 4-46 Baseline Environmental Status

60 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra No. Common Name Scientific Name Status 3. Asian palm swift Capriurus parvus C 4. Banded bay cuckoo acomantis sonneratii O 5. Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus C 6. Black Headed Munia Lonchura Malacca C 7. Black hooded oriole Oriolus xanthornus C 8. Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus VC 9. Black kite Milvus migrans govinda VC 10. Black lored tit Parus xanthogenys UC 11. Black naped monarch Hypothymis azurea VC 12. Black rumped flameback Dinopium benghalense C 13. Black shouldered kite Elanus caeruleus C 14. Blyth s pipit Anthus godlewskii O 15. Brahminy starling Sturnia pagodarum O 16. Brown cheeked fulvetta Alcippe poioicephala VC 17. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis VC 18. Common hoopoe Upupa epops UC 19. Common iora Aegithina tiphia VC 20. Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis C 21. Common myna Acridotheres tristis O 22. Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius VC 23. Common kestrel Falco tinnunculus C 24. Coppersmith barbet Megalaima haemacephala O 25. White bellied Sea Eagle Heliaeetus leucogaster C 26. Drongo cuckoo Surniculus lugubris O 27. Greater coucal Centropus sinensis VC 28. Green bee eater Merops orientalis VC 29. House crow Corvus splendes VC 30. House sparrow Passer domesticus C 31. House swift Apus affinis C 32. Indian nightjar Caprimulgus indicus VC 33. Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata C 34. Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus VC 35. Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus VC 36. Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum C 37. Large billed crow Corvus macrorhynchos VC 38. Malabar whistling Thrush Myophonus horsfieldii VC 39. Oriental magpie robin Copysyschus saularis VC 40. Plain prinia Prinia inornata C 41. Plum headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala VC 42. Puff-throated babbler Pellorneum ruficeps VC 43. Purple rumped sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica C 44. Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica VC 45. Red vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer C 4-47 Baseline Environmental Status

61 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra No. Common Name Scientific Name Status 46. Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus C 47. Red whiskered bulbul Pycnonotuus jocosus VC 48. Rock pigeon Columba livia O 49. Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri C 50. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis VC 51. Sykes s lark Galerida deva C 52. Tawny bellied babbler Dumetia hyperythra O 53. Thick billed flowerpecker Dicaeum agile C 54. Tickell s blue flycatcher Muscicapa thalassine C 55. White throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis VC 56. Brahminy Kite Haliastur Indus C Reptiles: The site did not show any significant reptilian population. Excepting the Bronze back, the other snake species were determined by occurrence of old moults found on the site. The locals informed that the beach is sometimes used by the Olive Ridley Turtle for nesting. The nesting site shown by the locals was about a km away (northwards) from the site.the reptilian fauna is described in the table below: TABLE 4.26 REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE SITE Sr. no. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Sitana ponticeriana Fan Throated Lizard 2. Calotes versicolor Common Garden Lizard 3. Ptyas mucosus Common Ratsnake 4. Amphiesma stolatum Buff striped Keelback 5. Vipera russelli Russel s Viper 6. Naja naja Indian Cobra 7. Echis carinatus Saw Scaled Viper 8. Dendrelaphis tristis Bronze back 9. Varanus benghalensis Indian Monitor Lizard 10. Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle Mammals: The site did not show any significant varieties of mammals. The only mammal that was seen sporadically was palm squirrel. The site was studied for direct as well as indirect evidence for the presence of mammals. On the site, there was no occurrence of any significant wild mammal or their trace. There may be a few rodent species and mongoose found on the site, but there were no sightings to establish the same. Butterflies: The dense plantation, mixed with local weeds and other species ensures a good butterfly habitat. The higher activity of insectivorus birds also suggests, good insect population on the site. During the survey, only butterflies were concentrated upon and the list is given below Baseline Environmental Status

62 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra TABLE 4.27 BUTTERFLY SPECIES Family Common Name Scientific Name Papilionidae Jay, Common Graphium doson (C & R Felder, 1864) Jay, Tailed Graphium agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758) Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mormon, Blue Papilio polymnestor (Cramer, 1775) Mormon, Common Papilio polytes (Linnaeus, 1758) Pieridae Albatross, Common Appias albina (Boisduval, 1836) Emigrant, Common Catopsilia pomona (Fabricius, 1775) Emigrant, Mottled Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758) Grass Yellow, Common Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758) Grass Yellow, Small Eurema brigitta (Cramer, 1780) Jezebel, Common Delias eucharis (Drury, 1773) Orange Tip, Great Hebomoea glaucippe (Linnaeus, 1758) Orange Tip, Yellow Ixias pyrene (Linnaeus, 1764) Wanderer, Common Pareronia valeria (Cramer,1776) Lycaenidae Pierrot, Angled Caleta caleta (Hewitson,1876) Pierrot, Common Castalius rosimon (Fabricius,1775) Grass Blue, Pale Pseudozizeeria maha (Kollar, 1844) Hedge Blue, Common Actolepis puspa (Horsefield, 1828) Silverline, Common Spindasis vulcanus (Fabricius, 1775) Nymphalidae Baron, Common Euthalia aconthea (Cramer,1777) Baronet Euthalia nais (Forster,1771) Castor, Common Ariadne merione (Cramer, 1779) Coster, Tawny Acraea violae (Fabricius, 1793) Eggfly, Danaid Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764) Eggfly, Great Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus, 1758) Evening Brown, Melanitis leda (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Indian Crow, Common Euploea core (Cramer, 1780) Leopard, Common Phalanta phalantha (Drury, 1773) Oakleaf, Blue Kallima horsfieldii (Kollar, 1848) Painted Lady Cynthia cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) Pansy, Blue Junonia orithya (Linnaeus, 1758) Pansy, Gray Junonia atlites (Linnaeus, 1763) Pansy, Lemon Junonia hierta (Fabricius, 1798) Sailer, Common Neptis hylas (Moore, 1872) Tiger, Blue Tirumala limniace (Cramer, 1775) Tiger, Plain Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tiger, Striped Danaus genutia (Cramer, 1779) Hesperiidae Awl, Common Banded Hasora chromus (Cramer, 1782) Swift, Rice Borbo cinnara (Wallace, 1866) 4-49 Baseline Environmental Status

63 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Conclusion: Considering the various biotic and abiotic components of the proposed site for the proposed development, it can be deduced that the site is a representative of the general ecology of the region and is not significant or conservation dependent. Being a horticulture plantation, the site has been under active human interference for a long time and does not have any natural ecosystem. The proposed development, with well designing, may contribute in increasing the biodiversity as the green belts planned for the site may provide additional niche for the local fauna. It is recommended that the green belts should consist of endemic or naturalized species only in order to maintain and enhance the existing ecology. It is also highly recommended that the existing trees of Australian Acacia and Eucalyptus are slowly clear felled for plantation of local species. Particular care is required to maintain the dune ecology. Though Aravli area is not coming under vulnerable areas identified for the district, the sand dunes are particularly important to protect the coastline from the wave action. Also, the beach is occasionally used by the Olive Ridley Turtle for nesting and hence requires better protection measures. 4.8 FOREST The core zone (Project site) is basically is a horticultural land and there is no forest land in and around the site. In the buffer zone (10 km radius in the surrounding area) has no Reserved or Protected forest. 4.9 SCRUB FOREST The sand dune area in the western side is having a small area of a scrub which is mainly covered by Lantana, opuntia and other scrub species. Scrub forest Near Vetoba Hills scrub species 4.10 PLANTATION AND ORCHARDS The entire site is a plantation of coconut and cashew. Other fast growing species are also grown for soft wood and timber Baseline Environmental Status

64 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Coconut Plantation west side of project area. Kaju Plantation along site internal road. Dry Coastal vegetation This is an important vegetation type in the coastal areas, especially in the sand beach areas. Local distribution of the plant species is given in the table 4.28 below TABLE 4.28 LOCAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT SPECIES S. No. Types of Plant Local Distribution Common Sporadic Rare 1. Trees Shrubs Herbs Climbers Grasses Phyto Sociology: Flora There is no natural forest area in the study area so no Phyto sociological study was carried out. Endemic, Threatened and Endangered Plant Species The site being a plantation site, there are no endemic, threatened or endangered plant species. Threatened and Endangered Animal Species The site does not support any endangered species as a habitat. The White bellied fishing Eagle is an endangered species which is supported by the site through its tall trees on the Sand Dunes. The Beach is also claimed to be acting as nesting site for the endangered Olive Ridley Turtles. TABLE 4.29 SCHEDULED ANIMAL SPECIES IN THE STUDY AREA Wildlife Schedule Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name A. Schedule I A.1 : Birds A.1.1 White bellied Sea Eagle Heliaeetus leucogaster 4-51 Baseline Environmental Status

65 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Wildlife Schedule Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name B. Schedule II B.1 : Mammals : Nil B. 2 : Reptiles B.2.1 Indian Cobra Naja naja B.2.2 Russel Viper Vipera russelli B.2.3 Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus B.2.4 Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis B.2.5 Checkered Keelback Xenocchrophis piscator B.2.6 Olive Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Aquatic Ecosystem There is no water body within the site except presence of in 3 wells. Conclusions Ecological survey in the core zone and buffer zone reveals some interesting features of wildlife. The survey was based on the following evaluation criteria: (i) (ii) Land Use: The area is categorized as agricultural land and is under horticultural use. Diversity: The floral diversity in the buffer zone is higher comparing to the core zone. (iii) Proximity: There is no Reserve forest in the core zone and buffer zone. (iv) Potential Value: The habitat condition of the area may improve after completion of the project owing to development of green belt surrounding it SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT This section discusses the baseline socio-economic environment of the study area defined for the proposed project. Based on the assessment of the socio-economic conditions of the rural settlements identified within the study area EIA study is focusing on prediction and evaluation about the future impacts of the project on the local people, their physical and psychological health and well-being, economic facilities, heritage and culture, lifestyle and other value systems. The issues under focus are demographic structure, economic activity, education, literacy profile, infrastructure facilities, etc. The assessment and evaluation of potential socio-economic impacts will thereby assist in the formulation of necessary guidelines for impact mitigation and management of human environment. The information provided in the following sections has been primarily derived from secondary sources (Census of India 2001 and Census of India Website). The village-wise secondary data (as obtained from Census, 2001) has been taken into consideration for analyzing the socio-economic profile in a comparative manner GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Given the scale and nature of the proposed project, a study area of 2 km around the project site has been defined for profiling of socio-economic environment of nearby villages. The following villages have been considered for socio-economic profiling as presented in Table 4.30 below Baseline Environmental Status

66 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra TABLE 4.30 LIST OF VILLAGES SELECTED FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILING No. District Tehsil Village Distance from the project site (km) 1 Mochemad Nhaichiad Sagartirtha Project site 4 Sindhudurg Vengurla Shiroda Tank Temb Velagar 1 Sindhudurg According to the 2001 census Sindhudurg district has a population of 8,68,825. The district has a population density of 170 inhabitants per square kilometre (430 /sq m). Sindhudurg has a sex ratio of 1079 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.3% Demographic Profile The demographic profile in terms of total population, household size, sex-ratio and scheduled population of the selected villages in the study area of district has been discussed in section below and presented in Table 4.31 and Table Population and Household Size Of the study area villages in Vengurla taluka, Sindhudurg district, Shiroda has the highest population (1749) followed by Mochemad (1067). The household size was recorded 4.3 as average for the villages in discussion. Sex Ratio The average sex ratio of recorded for the study area villages is higher than the state average of 940 females per 1000 males. The highest sex ratio within the study area is recorded for village Nhaichiad (1096.2) followed by Mochemad (1084). Lowest female population has been recorded at Temb (51%). Village Name TABLE 4.31 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA VILLAGES HH Nos. Total Pop. HH Size Male Pop. % M Female Pop. % F Sex Ratio Mochemad Nhaichiad Sagartirtha Shiroda Tank Temb Velagar Baseline Environmental Status

67 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Scheduled Caste (SC) & Scheduled Tribes (ST) The highest percentage of SC was recorded for Shiroda (8.8%) followed by Mochemad (2.3%), rest all the villages have 0% SC population. Mochemad is the only village with ST population of 0.2% and rest all other villages in discussion have no ST population. TABLE 4.32 SCHEDULE CASTE AND SCHEDULE TRIBES OF STUDY AREA VILLAGES Village SC Population % SC ST Population % ST Mochemad Nhaichiad Sagartirtha Shiroda Tank Temb Velagar Education & Literacy The study of the education and literacy profile in the region is relevant in order to have an understanding whether the proposed project can utilize the skilled human resources available within the individual study area. The village-wise male and female literacy status as obtained from Census 2001 is presented in Table According to the 2001 census data, literacy levels in Sindhudurg district is 80.3%. The highest literacy rate is in Shiroda (82.2%) followed by Mochemad (75.7%) and Velagar (74.9%) and lowest in Sagartirtha (68.2%). The highest female literacy rate was observed for village Shiroda (48.6%) and the lowest for village Tank (44.7%). TABLE 4.33 LITERACY PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA VILLAGES Village Name Total Male Female % % Literate Literate Literate % Illiterates % Mochemad Nhaichiad Sagartirtha Shiroda Tank Temb Velagar Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern The relevance of economic activity and livelihood pattern is important in the context of the study since depending on the existing situation one can predict the impact of the project activity on the economy of the villages and the region. The village-wise workforce participation as obtained from Census 2001 is presented in Table The workforce participation rate in the study area villages of Sindhudurg district varies from 0.0% to 97.0%. Majority of inhabitants about 97.0% in Sagartirtha and 84.8% in Velagar are employed in 4-54 Baseline Environmental Status

68 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra other works followed by Cultivators which are 59.0% in Mochemad, 42.7% in Nhaichiad and 40.3% in Temb. This is followed by agriculture labour and household work category. Percentage of people employed as household workers is less. TABLE 4.34 WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION FOR STUDY AREA VILLAGES Villages Total Worker % Cultivator % Agriculture Labour % Household Worker % Other Worker % Non workers Mochemad Nhaichiad Sagartirtha Shiroda Tank Temb Velagar Socioeconomic Infrastructure The project site is located in Sagartirath, Aravali Tak village, in Vengurla Taluka, district Sindhudurg, Maharashtra. Nearest big towns are Vengurla and Sawantwadi. The site is located to the south of Vengurla town and south west of Sawantwadi. The existing social infrastructure around the site are summarized below: Educational Facilities: As per the census data, Primary school facility is available at Sagartirath village while middle school is available within 5 km radius. In aravali village, both primary and middle school facilities are available. Health Facilities: Medical facility is not available in Sagartirath village while in Aravali village, primary health facility is available within 5 km radius. Roads and Communication: The site is approachable by SH4 Vengurla- Shiroda Road (Sagari Mahamarg). Sawantwadi is the nearest railway station, located at approximately 17 km to northeast of site. Goa Airport is located at approximately 48 km to south of site. Sindhudurg is part of the Konkan region of Maharastra located on the west coast of Indian Peninsula. The district is surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the east, the Belgaum District (Karnataka state) and Goa on the South and the Ratnagiri district on the North. National Highway 17 passes through the district. With 7 railway stations, a 103 Km stretch of Konkan Railway line passes through this district. It has good road and rail links with Goa and Mumbai. Education As per 2011 census, basic amenities available in the study area villages have been discussed below in Table Baseline Environmental Status

69 Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Village Mochemad Nhaichiad Sagartirtha Shiroda Tank Temb Velagar TABLE 4.35 BASIC AMENITIES IN THE STUDY AREA Educational Facility P_SCH (3) M_SCH(1) P_SCH (2) M_SCH(1) Medical Facilities Medical facility(1) Drinking Water Source WW(1) TK(1) HP(1) Canal(1) - WW(1) TW(1) HP(1) Approach to Village Paved Road(1) Paved Road(1) P_SCH (1) - WW(1) Mud Road(1) EA P_SCH (2) M_SCH (2) S_SCH(1) SS_SCH(1) P_SCH (1) M_SCH (1) S_SCH(1) Medical facility(1) TP(1) WW(1) - TP(1) WW(1) TK(1) Power Supply EA EA - EA Paved Road(1) P_SCH(1) - WW(1) Mud Road(1) - P_SCH(1) - WW(1) - - EA Education Facility: P_SCH = Primary School; M_SCH-Middle School; S_SCH-Secondary School; SS_SCH- Senior Secondary School Drinking Water Facility: TK = Tank water, TP- Tap water, HP- Hand pump, TW- Tub well water, WW-well water, TK- Tank water Power Supply: EA = Electricity for all purposes 4-56 Baseline Environmental Status

70 CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION SOURCES, IMPACT PREDICTION & IMPACT ASSESSMENT 5.1 POLLUTION SOURCES Pollutants generated during the construction and operation phase of the proposed development either be liquid, solid and gaseous in nature. The generation of pollution may be periodic, continuous or accidental. Potential sources of pollutants and their characteristics during the construction and operation phase are given below in Table 5.1. TABLE 5.1 POTENTIAL POLLUTANT SOURCES & CHARACTERISTICS S.No Activity / Area Pollutant Pollutant Characteristics Frequency CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Ground Air emissions: Dust from construction Temporary during excavation and PM 10, PM 2.5 CO, activities and excavation. construction phase leveling NO x, SO 2 only- bulk of the emissions are expected from ground working and leveling activities. Earth / solid waste Solid waste from Periodic. construction activity and excavation. Noise Noise generated from Temporary during construction equipment initial construction and machinery phase-due to running of DG sets 2. Labour Camps Sewage Sewage generated from Temporary during temporary labour camps on the initial site construction phase Solid Waste Solid Waste generated Temporary during from temporary labour the initial camps on site construction phase 3. Vehicular Air and noise Particulates, NO x and CO Temporary during movement emission from vehicle exhaust the construction phase OPERATION PHASE 1. Vehicular movement 2. Diesel power generators Air emissions and noise Air emissions Noise Vehicle exhaust emissions Continuous / Periodic SO 2, NOx, PM, CO from fuel burning Noise due to running of equipment Continuous/Periodic during power failure Continuous/Periodic during power failure Hazardous waste Used Oil Generation Periodic, during oil changes 5-57 Impact Prediction

71 S.No Activity / Area Pollutant Pollutant Characteristics Frequency 3. Commercial Wastewater Wastewater containing Continuous waste food matter Domestic Solid Garbage / Food waste Continuous waste 4. Project area Sewage Domestic wastewater Continuous including BOD, S.S, Pathogens common toilets Domestic Solid 5. Raw water treatment 6. Sewage treatment Plant Bio-degradable and nonbiodegradable Wastes wastes Wastewater Backwash water discharge Continuous Solid waste Continuous Sludge from coagulation process Solid waste Settled and stabilized sludge Treated water Treated sewage used for horticulture 7. Diesel Storage Solid waste Settled sludge during tank cleaning Oil Oil spillage Accidental large spills due to pipe rupture Oil Spillage - Small quantities due to small pipe leaks Continuous small quantities Continuous Continuous Occasional Accidental / Only due to poor housekeeping 8. Maintenance Wastewater Floor washing Continuous Solid waste Used equipment parts and garden wastes Continuous 9. Vehicle Parking Oil Spills Minor oil leaks in parking Occasional Area lot small quantities 10. Storm water drains Wastewater Contamination discharge from site Mainly suspended solids During rainy season 5.2 IMPACT PREDICTION AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT The primary function of an environmental impact assessment study is to predict and quantify potential impacts, assess and evaluate the magnitude and their importance in order to develop an environmental management plan to mitigate the impacts. Environmental impacts could be positive or negative, direct or indirect, local or regional and also reversible or irreversible. Baseline environmental conditions at the proposed site for various parameters were provided in Chapter 4 whereas Table 5.1 given above provides the various pollution loads and stressors that could impact the environment. This chapter discusses the incremental environmental impacts on the environmental parameters during the construction and operation phases of the project. The potential impacts have been identified in Table 5.2. The mitigative measures for the adverse impacts, if any, are discussed in Chapter 6 of Environmental Management Plan Impact Prediction

72 TABLE 5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION PHASE S. No Components Aspect Potential Impact CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Ambient Quality 2. Noise Air Dust emissions from site preparation, excavation, material handling and other construction activities at Site. Noise generated from construction activities, operation of construction equipment and traffic. 3. Water quality Surface runoff from project site Oil/fuel and waste spills. Improper debris disposal Discharge of sewage from labour camp. 4. Landuse and Land development Aesthetics 5. Topography & Site development Geology 6. Soil Construction activity leading to topsoil removal and erosion. 7. Ecology Flora & Fauna Habitat disturbance during construction activity 8. Socio-economy Increased job opportunity for locals. Economy related to commercial real estate development, material supply etc. expected to boom. 9. Traffic Pattern Haul Truck movement and possibility of traffic congestion outside site access road OPERATION PHASE Minor negative impact inside the premises. No negative impact outside project site. Short term Minor negative impact near noise generation sources inside premises. No significant impact on ambient noise levels at sensitive receptors. Short term Significant negative impact on nearby sea water, if not properly managed inside the premises itself.. Short term No significant impact No Significant Impacts Minor negative impact Minor negative impact Short term Overall positive impact No significant impact Short term 1 Ambient Quality Air Particulate and gaseous emissions from DG sets and vehicle movement 2 Noise Noise from vehicle movement and operation of diesel generator sets during power failure. 3 Water Quality Oil/fuel and waste spills. Discharge of sewage. Discharge of contaminated storm water 4 Water usage Use of over ~791 KL per day water at peak demand 5 Soil Storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes Discharge of sewage Minor Negative impact No significant impact at sensitive receptors Minor negative impact inside premises. No significant impact at sensitive receptors. Significant adverse impact on nearby sea water, if not properly managed inside the premises itself No significant impact Minor negative impact 5-59 Impact Prediction

73 S. No Components Aspect Potential Impact Fuel and material spills Pesticides use 6 Ecology Flora & Fauna Landuse change Discharge of wastewater to surface water bodies 7 Socio-economy Increased job opportunity in the proposed project for the locals. 8 Traffic Pattern The proposed project is likely to add significantly to the predicted traffic during peak hours. Significant adverse impact on marine ecology and minor significant impact on terrestrial ecology Overall positive impact Moderate Negative Impact 5.3 IMPACT ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Impact on Physical Environment during Pre-Construction Phase Land use The proposed site is basically a horticulture land. Hence, the land use pattern will be changed. The surrounding land comprises of villages and residential setup and community facilities in the form of small mosque and church along with few settlement nearby. The proposed site is in the coastal plains and is slightly undulating. The site surroundings comprise of rural setup and the land use in the surrounding area comprises of villages with residential set up. No industrial area is observed in nearby vicinity. Many small scale hotels and resorts are seen adjoining the coastal areas. Therefore, it can be adhered that the proposed development of beach resort will change the present land use pattern of the area Impact on Physical Environment during Construction Phase Topography The proposed development will involve some change in the topography of the area, as the proposed site is lying in the coastal plain and have slightly undulating terrain with a contour difference of 5 m in the highest and lowest part of the land. The construction activities will proceed in a manner so as to maintain the natural slope of the area by proper leveling of land, as and when required. Therefore no significant impact is anticipated on the local topography of the area Geology Quarry material requirements for the proposed development have been estimated, as such the key natural materials such as earth, sand, stone will be sourced from licensed and government approved quarries. Hence, no negative impact is envisaged on the local geology of the area Mineral Resources No impact on minerals is anticipated because of the construction of proposed beach resort development, as currently there are no signs of presence of minerals in direct influence area of the proposed development Impact Prediction

74 Land use The land acquired for the proposed development is basically a horticulture land. Therefore, the proposed development would involve permanent change in the present form to a beach resort, having guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities Climate & Meteorology The climate and meteorological pattern of the region impact due to the proposed development as there will be low spatially restricted short term impact due to cutting of vegetation. The development peripheral green belt development and landscape plantation a part of the proposed development, will help in improving the micro-climate of the region. 5.4 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT Impact on Air Environment during Pre- construction Phase Air Emissions Sources Air emissions have no boundaries and can migrate from one place to another place depending upon the wind direction and speed. The sources of air emission can be grouped into three categories of point, area and line sources: 1. A pollutant source that can be treated in a dispersion model as though pollutants were emitted from a single point that is fixed in space. Example: the mouth of a smoke stack. 2. An array of pollutant sources, so widely dispersed and uniform in strength that they can be treated in a dispersion model as an aggregate pollutant release from a defined area at a uniform rate. Such sources may include vehicles and other small engines, small businesses and household activities, or biogenic sources, such as a forest, that release hydrocarbons. 3. An array of pollutant sources along a defined path that can be treated in dispersion models as an aggregate uniform release of pollutants along a line. Example: the sum of emissions from individual cars traveling down a highway can be treated as a line source Fugitive Emissions from site preparation During the construction phase of the project, the principal source of air pollution will be dust from exposed site areas, stockpiling, and movement of vehicles along unpaved roads, excavation and handling of construction materials Impact on Air Environment during Construction Phase Air Quality During the construction phase, the major sources of air emissions include: Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) associated with the construction activity Emissions due to the operation of DG sets, to be used for supplying power 5-61 Impact Prediction

75 In order to quantify the impact of SPM associated with the construction activity, it is planned that the construction activity will be carried out in phases. The emission sources will be distributed throughout the project site and will fall under the category of area source. Basic Consideration In the absence of information regarding the quantity and type of construction equipment to be deployed at any particular time, overall emission factor for SPM from construction activities has been used. Overall SPM emission has been estimated using the emission factor of 1.2 tons SPM/month of activity/acre as per AP-42 Section (USEPA, 1995). This emission factor is used for developing emission estimates from construction activities throughout a geographical area and is most applicable for construction operations with medium activity level, moderate silt contents and semiarid climate (USEPA, 1995). The derivation of the factor assumes that construction activity occurs 30 days per month, making the above estimate somewhat conservatively high for total suspended particulate (U.S. EPA, 1995). For the air environmental impact assessment study, MoEF recommended air quality model, Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3-version 3) has been applied to predict ground level incremental concentrations (GLCs) Impact on Air Environment during Operation The major air emissions expected during the operation phase will be due to running of DG sets during the power failure. Air Dispersion Model - (ISCST3) Air dispersion modeling can be used to predict atmospheric concentrations of pollutants at specific locations (receptors) over specific averaging times (i.e. annual, daily and hourly). An atmospheric dispersion model accounts for emissions from a source; estimates how high into the atmosphere they will go, how widely they will spread and how far they will travel based on temporal meteorological data; and outputs the pattern of concentrations that will occur for various exposure periods, thereby providing the exposure risks for different receptors. Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) air dispersion model has been used to predict ground level concentrations of the contaminants emitted from area and point sources at the site during both the construction and operational phases. In order to predict the air pollutants, the model requires the following input parameters: Hourly meteorological data; The source description including emission rates of the various contaminants, type of source (i.e. area and point) and source emissions characteristics, as described above; The receptor locations and grid layout will be based on the site coordinates, receptor locations and nature of sources Impact Prediction

76 Impact due to DG sets- Point Source The total maximum grid demand load is 2956 KW which is to be sourced from Maharashtra state electricity board. During operation phase, diesel generator sets operated for back-up power supply are identified as the only major sources of gaseous and particulate emission. SO 2, NOx, PM 10, PM 2.5 and CO emissions are expected due to fuel combustion in generator sets. To serve as a back-up power supply for entire project, 5250 kva of power is to be supplied through 7 D.G sets of 750 KVA capacity. The specifications of D.G. sets used for modeling are given in Table 5.3. TABLE 5.3 DG SET SPECIFICATION S. No. Particulars Values 1. DG set capacity (KVA) No of stacks 7 3. Height of stack Diameter of stack (m) Exit velocity of gas (m/s) Exit gas Temperature ( 0 C) Emission rate (g/s) for each DG set PM NOX 0.48 SOX 0.06 CO 0.23 The maximum predicted increment in concentrations of SO 2, NOx, PM 10, and CO due to D.G. sets are estimated about 3.81 µg/m 3, µg/m 3, µg/m 3 and µg/m 3 respectively. The details of predicted value with background air quality levels along with NAAQS are provided in Table 5.4 through Table 5.7 The spatial distribution of predicted pollutants concentration are also shown in Figure 5.1 through Figure 5.4. As the D.G. sets will be operated for back-up power supply only, hence the impact of generation of gaseous pollutants in the ambient environment will be negligible. TABLE 5.4 MAXIMUM GROUND LEVEL SO 2 (µg/m 3 ) CONCENTRATION (24 HOURLY AVERAGED) DUE TO DG SETS Description Maximum 24 Hour GLC Concentration (µg/m 3 ) NAAQS SO 2 Contribution from Site 3.81 SO 2 Baseline (Average) 8.72 Total SO SO 2 Contribution from Site to Maximum SO % 80 µg/m Impact Prediction

77 FIGURE 5.1 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24 HOURS AVERAGED SO 2 GLC (µg/m 3 ) DUE TO DG SETS TABLE 5.5 MAXIMUM GROUND LEVEL NO X (µg/m 3 ) CONCENTRATION (24 HOURS AVERAGED) Description DUE TO DG SETS Maximum 24 Hour GLC Concentration (µg/m 3 ) NO x Contribution from Site NO x Baseline (Average) Total NO x NO x Contribution from Site to 66.39% Maximum NO x NAAQS 80 µg/m Impact Prediction

78 FIGURE 5.2 SPATIAL VARIATION OF 24 HOURS AVERAGED NO X GLC (µg/m 3 ) DUE TO DG SETS TABLE 5.6 MAXIMUM GROUND LEVEL PM 10 CONCENTRATION (µg/m 3 ) (24 HOURS AVERAGED) DUE TO D.G. SET Description Maximum 24 Hour GLC Concentration (µg/m 3 ) NAAQS Predicted Incremental PM 10 Contribution PM 10 Baseline (Average) Resultant PM PM 10 Contribution from the Proposed Project towards 42.54% maximum background PM 100 µg/m Impact Prediction

79 FIGURE 5.3 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24 HOURS AVERAGED PM 10 GLC (µg/m 3 ) DUE TO D.G. SETS TABLE 5.7 MAXIMUM GROUND LEVEL CO (µg/m 3 ) CONCENTRATION (1 HOURS AVERAGED) IN DUE TO DG SET Description Maximum 8 Hour GLC Concentration (µg/m 3 ) NAAQS CO Contribution from Site CO Baseline (Maximum) 1114 Total CO CO Contribution from Site to Maximum CO 1.29% 2000 µg/m Impact Prediction

80 FIGURE 5.4 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 8 HOURS AVERAGED CO GLC (µg/m 3 ) DUE TO DG SETS 5.5 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT Impact on Noise Environment during Pre-construction The major noise generating activity during the pre construction period is vehicular movement and various noise generating equipments, which would be used onsite for construction purpose Impact on Noise Environment during Construction and Operation Phase Noise Quality The noise emission sources during construction phase will include construction machineries/equipments to be employed at site. The expected noise levels from the operation of equipment and machineries are provided in Table 5.8 below: TABLE 5.8: NOISE LEVELS GENERATED FROM CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Name of Source Noise Level at 16 m (50 ft) from source in db (A) Back Hoe/Loader 80 Concrete Mixer Truck 85 Dump Truck Impact Prediction

81 Name of Source Noise Level at 16 m (50 ft) from source in db (A) Generator 82 Pile Driver 95 Jack hammer 85 (Source:-As per construction Noise Handbook, Federal Highway Administration) Impact due to DG sets The major source of noise generation during the construction and operation phase will be due to DG sets used on the project site. The DG sets are proposed to be installed during the construction and operation phase for power back up supply and hence the noise pollution load will be increase. However, the DG sets will be provided with acoustic enclosures so as to keep the noise level within the prescribed standards. Noise Limit for Generator Sets run with Diesel were notified by Environment (Protection) second Amendment Rules vide GSR 371(E), dated 17th May 2002 at serial no.94 and its subsequent amendments. The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator (DG) sets with rated capacity upto 1000 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1st January, 2005 shall be 75 db (A) at 1 m from the enclosure surface. The diesel generator sets should be provided with integral acoustic enclosure at the manufacturing stage itself. Prediction Model For an approximate estimation of propagation of noise in the ambient air from the area or point source, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation has been used which is as follows: Noise (Receptor) = Noise (Source) - 20 Log [distance (Receptor) / distance (Source) ] The incremental noise level during the construction phase will be predicted using the CPCB approved noise model DHAWANI, applicable for stationary point sources. For the modeling purposes, worst case scenario has been considered assuming a flat terrain and absence of sound absorbers. Results and Discussion The predicted incremental noise levels without control measures have been presented as noise contours in an area of 1000 m x 1000 m. Modeling has been done by assuming 6 DG sets during the construction phase and 7 DG sets during the operation phase. Modeling results indicate that the cumulative noise level is expected to be within the permissible AAQSRN standards of 55 db(a) at a distance of about 200 m both during the construction and operation phase. The predicted noise levels are without mitigation measures and it is assumed that with the adoption of the mitigation measures noise levels will be further restricted within very short distances from the source. With respect to occupational exposure, the permissible threshold is 90 db (A) for 8 hours per day. Thus, based on the modeling results, it can be concluded that all sensitive receptors (i.e. labour 5-68 Impact Prediction

82 colonies) will be located beyond 200 meters from the noise generating sources during construction activities. FIGURE 5.5 Spatial Variation of Incremental Noise Level during Construction Phase without Control 5-69 Impact Prediction

83 FIGURE 5.6 Spatial Variation of Incremental Noise Level during Operation Phase without Control DG sets will be used only in emergency for back up supply. It will be ensured that the DG sets are enclosed in acoustic enclosures and comply with the prescribed CPCB norms 5-70 Impact Prediction

84 5.6 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT Impact on Water Environment during Construction Phase Surface water resources The water requirement during construction phase will mainly comprise of water for construction purposes and water demand for labourers. The water during construction phase will be sourced through tanker water supply. There will be no extraction of water from surface water resources for using in the proposed development; hence no impact on surface water resources is envisaged. Groundwater resources The proposed development would not extract any ground water resources, as the water requirement during the construction phase will be met through tanker water supply Water Requirement The water requirement during construction phase can be broadly divided into two categories. Construction activities (55 KLD) which is the peak period demand during construction phase Domestic water requirement for labourers (25 KLD) considering 500 labors deployed at the construction period. The total water requirement during the construction phase would be around 80 KLD Wastewater Generation It is expected that 20 KLD of waste water will be generated from labour, which will be disposed off in septic tanks. The waste water from septic tanks will be disposed through mobile STP tankers. Construction activities for the proposed development can have minor impact on hydrology and ground water quality of the area. Potential impacts on the hydrology and ground water quality have been discussed as under. Soil runoff from the site leading to off-site contamination (particularly during rainy season). Improper disposal of construction debris leading to off-site contamination of water resources. Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labour camps. Spillage of oil & grease from the vehicles and wastewater stream generated from on- site activities such as vehicles washing etc Construction & development of site Development of the proposed site could lead to stockpiling and excavation activity on site, thereby causing erosion of base soil. The runoff from the site may contain high quantity of suspended solids (SS). The impact of runoff on nearby sea water may not be very significant except during rainy season. Further construction of garland drains will reduce the runoff from the stockpiles Site Workshop The repair and maintenance of equipments/vehicles on site would generate waste containing oil and grease. The wastewater stream would also be generated from vehicle washing. The impact will be mitigated to a great extent by installing oil and grease traps during construction phase Impact Prediction

85 Construction of roads & parking areas The impact from the road construction depends on both the construction practices and the type of material used. The waste material generated will be construction debris, which can be used in site leveling and any other type of waste like packaging materialswould be stock piled and disposed properly Construction Labour During construction phase, wastewater shall be generated due to construction workers. Water quality of nearby sources may be impacted if the sewage is disposed without any prior treatment. It is proposed to deploy local population from nearby villages to the maximum extent possible so the waste water generation at site will be minimal. Also septic tanks will be used on site for disposal of waste water generated during construction phase Impact on Water Environment during Operation Phase Water Requirement During the operation phase, the ultimate water requirement considering all planned developments is expected to be 791 KLD. This includes water requirement for domestic activities, water for landscape development and for HVAC cooling purposes of the entire development, once fully become operational. The estimates have been worked out on the basis of norms as part of the Manual on norms and Standards for Environment Clearance of Large Construction Projects, MoEF, and CPHEEO manual on Water Supply and Treatment. The water requirements are planned to be met through public supply and if in case, ground water extraction is required, due permission will be taken from the CGWA. The project proposes to recycle treated wastewater for flushing, landscaping and partial HVAC cooling water thereby reducing the fresh water requirement and is expected to be in the order of 496 KLD. The ultimate water demand estimated for various activities within the proposed development, is as shown in Table 5.9. TABLE 5.9: ULTIMATE WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT S.N. Details Quantity in KLD 1 Domestic Other Than Flushing Flushing 48 3 HVAC cooling 78 4 Filter Back Wash 25 5 Swimming Pool and other Process Water Wash 55 4 landscaping Water body West Zone East Zone Pools of Villas Clusters Villa Common Pools SPA Pool 4 Total 791 KLD (*Source: MoEF Manual on norms and standards for Environmental Clearance of large construction projects, CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply & treatment) 5-72 Impact Prediction

86 Wastewater Generation and Characteristics The total wastewater generated from the project site will be 310 KLD. This wastewater generated will be treated in an on-site sewage treatment plants based on Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) process upto tertiary level having total design capacity of 375 KLD. The total reclaimed water available for use is 295 KLD out of which 238 KLD will be used for landscaping, 48 KLD for flushing, and 9 KLD for partial HVAC cooling. The water balance for proposed development of beach resort are as shown in Annexure 5.1. For optimal management (treatment and reuse), wastewater generation has been categorized under two sources: Gray water (wastewater generated from various activities, except for the wastewater produced from the toilet flushing) Black water (wastewater generated from the toilet) The effluents will be treated to meet the permissible limits as per CPCB guidelines as given in Table However, the proposed development will ensure zero discharge of treated effluent. The general quality of sewage inlet characteristics and treated effluents have been discussed below. General Quality of Sewage Inlet Characteristics S.N. Particulars Details 1. Nature of Waste Sewage 2. ph Suspended solid <0.1 mg/l 4. BOD mg/l 5. COD mg/l 6. TDS 400 mg/l 7. Oil & grease 10 mg/l Quality of Treated Effluent S.N. Particulars Details 1 ph Suspended solid <0.1 mg/l 3 BOD <5 mg/l 4 COD <30 mg/l 5 TDS <10 mg/l TABLE 5.10: STANDARDS FOR EFFLUENT DISPOSAL S.N Parameter Into inland Into public On land for surface waters sewers, mg/l irrigation, mg/l 1 ph BOD for 5 days at 20 o C, mg/l Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/l Suspended Solids, mg/l Total Dissolved Solids, mg/l Temperature, mg/l Oil and grease, mg/l Impact Prediction

87 S.N Parameter Into inland Into public On land for surface waters sewers, mg/l irrigation, mg/l 8 Phenolic compounds, mg/l Cyanides, mg/l Sulphides, mg/l Fluorides, mg/l Total residual chlorine, mg/l Pesticides, mg/l Arsenic, mg/l Cadmium, mg/l Chromium (Hexavalent), mg/l Copper, mg/l Lead, mg/l Mercury, mg/l Nickel, mg/l Selenium, mg/l Zinc, mg/l Chlorides, mg/l Boron, mg/l Sulphates, mg/l Sodium ( 9%), mg/l Ammonical Nitrogen, mg/l Radioactive materials Alpha emitters (milicurie/ml) The impact on water environment will not be significant as the proposed development would not extract groundwater resources. However, if in case of any withdrawal from ground water, due permission will be taken from CGWA. The proposed development is not likely to have any impact on the water quality of the area as it is committed not to discharge any effluents outside the developed area and ensured zero discharge of effluent. Thus, full reutilization of treated effluent will be done on site through landscaping, flushing and for HVAC requirement. 5.7 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT Impact on Land Environment during Construction Phase Earthwork The proposed site is an undulating terrain with a variation of 7 m between the highest and lowest contour level, thereby increasing the leveling requirement. Once the leveling of the land is done, the construction of buildings for various purposes will be carried out, which will entail excavation of material. Total excavated earth = cum. The cut and fill will be balanced by volume of earth which would be excavated. No extra earth will be required Impact Prediction

88 The soil of the proposed site may be affected due to improper waste disposal on the site but in view of proper waste management for construction and demolition waste, chemical waste and municipal solid waste generated during the construction phase no impact is envisaged on soil. Wastes which are likely to be generated during the construction phase include the following: Construction and Demolition Waste The proposed development will involve generation of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. The waste generated from various other construction activities contain a mixture of inert and non-inert material, which include waste timber formwork, spent concrete and cement screening, material and equipment wrappings. This will be disposed of with help of local vendor. Municipal Waste The municipal waste generated during the construction phase will comprise of waste generated from the temporary labour camps. Workers engaged during construction phase will generate municipal solid wastes such as food wastes, packaging and wastepaper. The waste from labor camps would be mainly household domestic waste and it is estimated to be 0.05 TPD. The waste generation during construction phase will not have any impact as the waste generated from labour camps will be predominantly organic in nature and will be stored within the construction area for biodegradation and covered with soil layer (daily cover) on regular basis Drainage The site is located near the seashore and therefore proper care need to be taken to avoid any runoff from the project site into the sea water. The site is an undulating terrain, with a considerable variation of highest and lowest part of the land. The proposed project would involve construction of paved areas and thus the runoff from the project site is expected to increase. However, the increased runoff will not cause flooding or water logging because a well-designed storm water network will be provided within the entire site premises, which will be stored in pond or tank Impact on Land Environment during Operation Phase Soil During the operation phase, carefully designed landscaped areas and plantation will be maintained. No significant impact is expected on the soils on and around the site, due to the following management measures: i. All solid and hazardous wastes from the project will be properly collected, stored and disposed. An integrated solid waste management plan will be developed as per the details given in Chapter 6. ii. Wastewater will be treated and disinfected and reused for various purposes on site and will not be discharged outside the premises. iii. Storm water will be stored properly and reused within the premises. iv. Secondary containment will be provided in fuel, oil and other material storage areas Impact Prediction

89 v. The entire site area will be well paved and thus there will be no leaching of any substances in case of spills. Hence, no negative impact on soil quality in the study area is expected due to the project activities. Impacts due to Solid Waste Disposal During operation phase, solid waste will be generated from various activities, which have been quantified on the basis of Manual for Municipal solid waste management and handling (MSW Rules, 2000) and as per the norms prescribed by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) for biodegradable and non biodegradable waste and is shown in Table The generated solid waste will be disposed off and due to the improper disposal of waste the soil of the proposed site and the surrounding areas is likely to be affected. TABLE 5.11: EXPECTED SOLID WASTE GENERATION S.N. Nature Quantity Method of disposal (Kg/day) 1. Bio-degradable Treated on site 2. Non-biodegradable 2.1 Recyclable Sold out to authorized recycler 2.2 Hazardous Sold to vendor authorized by MPCB 2.3 Inert Disposal to the site of Nagarparishad, Vengurala Total quantity of waste generated during the operation phase 1.3 TPD The total waste generated from the proposed project is expected to be about 1.3 TPD comprising of biodegradable, non biodegradable, hazardous and inert waste. Proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment and disposal facilities for various categories of waste will be provided in accordance with the regulatory requirements. MSW including horticulture waste will be generated during the operation phase and will be handled as per the Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules, Segregation at source will be introduced with bio-degradable and non recyclable/non-biodegradable waste to be stored and collected separately. The biodegradable waste will be stored, treated on site and then transported to nearest designated waste storage bins, where as the non recyclable and non biodegradable waste will be disposed off to authorized recyclers. The inert waste will be disposed to the site of Nagarparisahd Vengurala. The sewage sludge will be generated from the sewage treatment plant and will be disposed off. The sludge from the water treatment plant could be used in horticulture. During this phase, environmental impact from solid waste disposal can typically include contamination of soil, ground water, surface water and air quality. Solid waste, if disposed improperly can cause following impact on the environment. Ground water contamination by leachate generated by non-scientific dumping. Surface water contamination by the run off from the dumping site 5-76 Impact Prediction

90 Bad odor, Pests, rodents and wind blown litter in and around the dumping site. Generation of inflammable gases (e.g. Methane) Fires within the waste dump. Bird menace above dumping site which affects flight of air craft Erosion and stability problem relating to slope of the dumping site Epidemic through stray animals Increased concentration of acidity in the surrounding soil Release of green house gases. Impacts may also result from improper siting, inadequate design and poor operation. However for the proposed project, impacts from waste disposal would not be significant, since waste would be converted to compost at the project site using suitable composting technique and Rejects from compost along with non-recyclable and non-compostable fraction of waste would be disposed as per the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, Impacts due to E-Waste The generated e-waste from the proposed development will be stored at a warehouse to be setup within site and will be sent to authorized recyclers or e-waste processing plants for treatment as per E- Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, IMPACT ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Impact on Ecological Environment during Construction Phase The proposed site is having lots of trees of significant importance and has over 60% ground cover by the well grown orchards (List of site flora has been provided in baseline chapter under ecology section). Trees are matured and are over 20 years old. The core zone (Project site) is basically is a horticultural land and there is no forest land in and around the site. In the buffer zone (10 km radius in the surrounding area) has no Reserved or Protected forest. During the construction phase, impact may be envisaged on the above local flora. In view of this, proper mitigation measures would be taken during the construction phase and proper green belt will be provided after the completion of the project.the existing trees will be incorporated in the landscape development. Detailed landscape plan has been discussed below in EMP chapter. The site did not show any significant reptilian population. Excepting the Bronze back, the other snake species were determined by occurrence of old moults found on the site. The site did not show any significant varieties of mammals. The only mammal that was seen sporadically was palm squirrel. During the construction phase, temporary impact on local fauna may be envisaged at the proposed project site and therefore proper mitigation measures will be taken during this phase in order to avoid any adverse impact on above mentioned local terrestrial species The bird activity was found to be high. Mainly the insectivores species were active throughout the study period. The dense plantation, mixed with local weeds and other species ensures a good butterfly habitat During the construction period these species might get disturbed, however, this situation will be for a very shorter period of time and multilayered peripheral greenbelt will provide an excellent habitat for 5-77 Impact Prediction

91 these species once the project landscape becomes fully grown. Hence, no long term impact to this local avifauna is envisaged from this resort beach development Impact on Ecological Environment during Operation Phase The likely impacts of the proposed development during the operation phase include air and noise pollution and disturbance generated due to area lighting and traffic movement. This may affect the mammals and birds in the vicinity. The landscape development will consider the nativity of the species so that local faunal species are supported further. Moreover, landscaping of approximately acres will be carried out as part of the proposed development. 5.9 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Impact on Socio-Economic Environment During Construction Phase Social Impact Assessment involves the processes of analyzing, monitoring and managing the intended and unintended social consequences both positive and negative of planned interventions and any social change processes invoked by those interventions. Its primary purpose is to bring about a more sustainable and equitable biophysical and human environment. This section discusses the proposed development, project activities and the extent of potential impacts anticipated from the proposed development. During the social consultation process, some issues were raised, which are as follows: Priority to the local people for employment during construction and operation phase. Increased activity in the area would hamper free movement of villagers The above concerns of the local community are addressed in the impact assessment and management plan Impact on Socio-Economic Environment during Operation Phase Positive Impacts Regional Development: The proposed project will have a positive effect in creation of job opportunities for the people in the project area. There will be a need for employing technical, non technical, administrative and support staff during this phase, for which due preference will be given to the locals based on their skill sets. The improvement in the physical infrastructure and land use change will lead to significant appreciation of the land value. Scope will be widened for other investors and developers also to invest in the area. Employment and Job opportunity: The proposed development will generate employment for all sectors of the society with the type of opportunity vary from technical, non-technical, administrative, support staff etc. Other potential developers would also be interested in investing in this area thereby opening more employment opportunities for the people in the whole area Impact Prediction

92 Accessing prevailing utilities: The resources being utilized by the locals will not be affected in any way as all the resources and infrastructure in the proposed development is self-contained. Adequate sewerage facility, solid waste disposal, water harvesting system, drainage etc will be developed within the project premises. Ancillary activities: The proposed development is beach resort, which will trigger ancillary commercial activities in the nearby region and will have an positive impact on the social environment. Benefits to women: During the construction phase, the proposed project will provide opportunity of employment related to construction activities. During the operation phase there will be considerable opportunities of employment due to demand of domestic help and other such requirements of the habitants of the project. The proximity of the project site to nearby village will benefit local women in getting involved in such jobs. Negative Impacts Traffic and Transport: During the construction phase, truck movement due to construction activities will take place. In order to minimize any inconvenience that may arise, the movement of trucks would be allowed during night and non-peak hours. During the operation phase, the traffic in the area is likely to increase. This may lead to traffic congestion and inconvenience for pedestrians and residents accessing the localities. The traffic study and Transportation Management Plan being developed for the project will mitigate these impacts. Transit Labour population: Labourers for the project would be from surrounding areas. About labourers would be working on the site and most of them would be on contract or from the neighbouring settlements. Negligible Impacts Resettlement & rehabilitation issues: Since there is no existing settlement on the proposed project area, hence there is no issue of resettlement or rehabilitation. Demography: During construction and operation phase, some of the work force is likely to be nonlocal. It is highly unlikely that this will affect or alter the existing demographic profile and population density. Impact on historical, archeological & architectural sites: There are no historical or archeological monuments of significance within 10 kilometers radius of the project and hence no negative impact in this regard is anticipated IMPACT ON HISTORICAL, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL SITES The proposed site and its surrounding areas do not have archaeological structures, hence no such demolition of any structures are envisaged due to the proposed development SUMMARY OF IMPACTS A summary of likely impacts due to proposed project is noted in Table Impact Prediction

93 TABLE 5.12 SUMMARY MATRIX OF PREDICTED IMPACTS DUE TO PROPOSED PROJECT S. No Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. -Dust emissions from Impacts are temporary during Minor Negative site preparation, construction phase. Impacts impact inside the Ambient Air excavation, material will be confined to short premises. No Quality handling and other distances, as coarse particles negative impact construction activities will settle within the short outside the site. at Site. distance from activities. Minor negative Temporary impacts during impact near noise construction phase. No blasting generation sources or other high intensity noise inside premises. activities envisaged. 2. Noise 3. Water quality Soil 7 Landuse and Aesthetics Topography and Geology Ecology Flora and -Noise generated from construction activities and operation of construction equipment -Surface runoff from project site -Oil/fuel and waste spills. -Improper debris disposal -Discharge of sewage from labour camp. -Land development -Existing site is undulating and therefore proper levelling is required to maintain the natural topography of the area -Construction activity leading to topsoil removal and erosion. -Habitat disturbance during construction No significant impact on ambient noise levels at sensitive receptors. Minimal due to effective EMP proposal Permanent positive impact Minor Impacts Minor impact negative Significant negative impact Contribution of noise during the operational phase will be confined in time and space. Impact will be temporary. Local labour will be employed. Workers shall be provided potable water for drinking. Proper mitigation measures will be taken to avoid any runoff in the nearby seashore. The project has ample open areas and green spaces, with sustainable infrastructure plan that will enhance the visual appeal of the area. Region is undulating and hence proper mitigation measures are required to maintain the local topography of the area. No deposits of minerals on site leading to loss of revenue. Building will be designed as per IS standards for earthquake protection. Temporary The site and adjacent areas may have impact on flora and 5-80 Impact Prediction

94 S. No 8 Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts Fauna activity fauna diversity of the area and therefore proper care need to be taken to minimize the disturbance to local ecology. -Increased job Socioeconomy 9 Traffic Pattern OPERATION PHASE opportunity for locals. Economy related to commercial real estate development, material supply etc. expected to boom. -Haul Truck movement and possibility of traffic congestion outside site on the highway. Overall impact Minor Impact positive negative 1. Ambient Air Quality 2. Noise -Particulate and gaseous emissions from DG sets and vehicle movement -Noise from vehicle movement and operation of diesel generator sets during power failure. Minor negative impact inside the premises from onsite cars. Negative impact outside site from DG sets. Minor negative impact inside premises. No significant impact at sensitive receptors. DG sets will be used only as back up and would be required a maximum for 8 hours a day. A higher stack is recommended in the EMP. Contribution of noise from the project during operational phase will be limited to minor increase. 3. Water Quality -Oil/fuel and waste spills. -Discharge of sewage. -Discharge of contaminated storm water No significant adverse impact Proper waste management plan and storm water management plan will be developed inside the premises only to avoid any contamination of nearby seashore water Impact Prediction

95 S. No Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts 4. Water Availability -Use of ~ 496 KLD fresh water requirement at peak Minor impact negative Public supply 5 Soils Ecology Flora Fauna Socioeconomy Traffic Pattern and -Storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes -Discharge of sewage -Fuel and material spills -Pesticides use -Landuse change -Discharge of wastewater to surface water bodies -Increased job opportunity for locals in the site for general services inside the project. -Project will involve road upgrading, better power supply, water source and other infrastructure facilities etc. -The project is likely to add to the traffic on nearby roads Minor impact Minor impact Overall impact negative negative positive Moderate Negative Impact In whole study area highly significant flora and fauna was recorded. Therefore proper care will be taken during the construction and operation phase to avoid any disturbance to local ecology The existing trees will be incorporated in the landscape development. -- Traffic management measures and additional road infrastructure will be planned by the developers with the consent of the concerned authorities to meet the increased traffic loads Impact Prediction

96 CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 INTRODUCTION Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure that the environmental quality of the zone under impact does not deteriorate due to the construction and operation of the project. The EMP comprises a set of measures to be taken in different phases of the project such as construction and operation to reduce adverse environmental impacts to an acceptable level. Mitigation plans generally evolve around remediation and offsetting. 6.2 CAPACITY BUILDING FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION The EMP will be implemented by Elite Township Private Limited, especially during construction. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. will achieve capacity building in Environmental field through appointment of a team of expert environmental professionals or professional with skill set in environment management. All environmental monitoring work will be undertaken by the contractors through an approved and NABL accredited laboratory. 6.3 IMPLEMENT ARRANGEMENTS FOR EMP The implementation of the EMP will be initiated by M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. will have a multi disciplinary team and will also have an environmental management cell having a senior level environmental expert supported by a numbers of middle level environmental experts. This team will ensure compliances of mitigation measures and all statutory requirements. The team will also implement all EMP provisions and respective environmental experts will supervise EMP implementation. The senior environmental expert will mainly report EMP compliances to management and statutory undertakers. The EMP implementation chart has been given as Figure ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN MATRIX The Environmental Management Plan is meant for mitigation/management /avoidance of the negative impacts and the enhancement of the various environmental components of the project. The measure adopted and /or to be adopted during the different stages of the project have been detailed in Table 6.1, for pre construction, construction and operation phases respectively Environment Management Plan

97 FIGURE 6.1: EMP IMPLEMENTATION CHART 6-84 Environment Management Plan

98 TABLE 6.1 : ENVIRONNEMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN MATRIX S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility Planning And Pre-Construction Phase 1. Land Acquisition 2. Preservation of Trees Crushers, hot-mix plants and Batching Plants Location Other Construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery Arrangement for Construction Water 6. Labor Requirements The land has already been purchased from the private property holder at prevailing market prices and hence it does not involve any land related issues. M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. will ensure that any additional environmental impacts resulting in the land will be properly addressed and integrated into the EMP and other relevant documents. The proposed project does not involve any trees accept cutting of small bushes and ground vegetation. Batching plants with air control measures will be located within the project site. The plant will comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislations and Consent/NOC for all such plants will be submitted to Project Proponent. Arrangements to control dust pollution through provision of windscreens, sprinklers, and dust encapsulation will also be provided at all such sites. All vehicles, equipment and machinery procured for construction will comply with the Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms. The discharge standards formulated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to. Noise limits for construction equipments such as compactors, rollers, front loaders concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 db (A), measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field, as specified in the Environment (Protection) Act, Tanker water will be used for fulfilling the water requirement during construction period. The contractor will not be allowed to use any community water resource, any irrigation canal or any surface water body for construction activities. Unskilled labor from local communities will be given preference so as to provide maximum benefit to the local community. Project Proponent Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor 6-85 Environment Management Plan

99 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility 7. Construction Camp Locations Selection, Design and Lay-out Labour camps will be such that there will no conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community. Location for stockyards for construction materials will be made within the site, so as to avoid day transportation of raw material. The waste disposal and sewage system for the labour camps will be designed in a manner such that there are no adverse impacts on the surrounding areas. Project Proponent through Contractor 8. Orientation of Implementing Agency and Contractors Construction Phase Site Clearing Site Clearing Other Construction Wastes Disposal Procurement of Construction Material 3. Transporting Construction Materials and Haul Road Management Project Proponent will organize orientation sessions and regular on-site training sessions during all stages of the project including training for local workers as well as for the contractor staff. The proposed site will be cleared off all the weeds, shrubs and ground vegetation prior to commencement of any construction activity. Disposal locations will be identified as a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Contractor in consultation and with approval of Project Proponent. Contractor will ensure that any spoils of material unsuitable for embankment fill will not be disposed off near any water course, agricultural land, and natural habitat like grass lands or pastures. Such spoils from excavation can be used to reclaim borrow pits and low-lying areas located in barren lands along the project area. All waste materials will be completely disposed and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environmental Management Cell of Project Proponent before handing over. Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used for transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries as précised. All vehicles delivering fine materials to the site will be covered to avoid spillage of materials. Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor 6-86 Environment Management Plan

100 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as necessary for dust suppression of all such roads and surfaces. The unloading of materials at construction sites in/close to settlements will be restricted to daytime only. The contractor will use the tanker water supply. 4. Construction Water Construction Work 5. Disruption to Other Users of Water The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the wastage / usage of water in the construction process/ operation. It will be ensured by the contractor that only tanker water will be used for construction purposes and no water is withdrawn from any community water bodies. Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor 6. Drainage and Flood Control Contractor will ensure that no construction materials like earth, stone, ash will be disposed off which can block any flow of water Contractor will take all necessary measures to prevent the blockage of water flow. In addition to the design requirements, the contractor will take all required measures to prevent any temporary or permanent change in the drainage pattern of the area. Project Proponent through Contractor 7. Degradation of Water Quality Pollution 8. Water Pollution from Construction Wastes It will be ensured by the contractor that any surface run off during construction activities will be diverted through garland drains into a collection tank wherein it will be separated for oil and silt, thereby making it fit to be used for construction activities or disposal to nearby water bodies. The Contractor will take all precautionary measures to prevent the wastewater generated during construction from entering into streams, water bodies or the irrigation system. All waste arising from the proposed development will be disposed off as per the norms of State Pollution Control Board. Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor 6-87 Environment Management Plan

101 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility 9. Water Pollution from Fuel and Lubricants 10. Dust Pollution Emission from Construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machineries Noise Pollution: Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipments The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, fuel/lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and refueling sites will be located close to the project site. All location and lay-out plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and will be approved by Project Proponent. Contractor will ensure that all vehicle/machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refueling will be carried out in such a way that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. Oil interceptors will be provided for vehicle parking, wash down and refueling areas as per the design provided. Contractor will arrange for collection and storing and disposal of oily wastes and the same will be sold to vendors authorized by MoEF for recycling. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF and SPCB guidelines. Contractor will certify that all arrangements comply with the guidelines of SPCB/MoEF or any other relevant laws. It will be ensured by the contractor that the construction equipments conform to relevant dust emission control legislation and that they are located close to the site, preferably in downwind direction. The dust pollution during construction activities will be reduced through water sprinkling, encapsulation of dust source and by erection of screen/barriers. The pollution monitoring will be conducted as per the monitoring plan. Contractor will ensure that all vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction are regularly maintained and confirm that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements of SPCB. The Contractor will submit PUC certificates for all vehicles/ equipment/machinery used for the project. The Contractor will confirm the following: 1. All plants and equipment used in construction (including crushing plant) shall strictly conform to the MoEF/CPCB noise standards. 2. All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fitted with exhaust Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor 6-88 Environment Management Plan

102 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility Safety 13. Personal Safety Measures for Labour 14. Traffic and Safety silencers. 3. Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced. 4. At the construction sites within 250 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing, batching will be stopped during the night time between pm to 6.00 am. 5. Monitoring shall be carried out at the construction sites as per the monitoring schedule and results will be submitted to Project Proponent will be required to inspect regularly to ensure the compliance of EMP. Contractor will provide: 1. Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) will be provided to all the labourers during construction phase. 2. Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site will be taken up. 3. The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. 4. The Contractor will mark hard hat and no smoking and other high risk areas and enforce non-compliance of use of PPE with zero tolerance. These will be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the Contractor during mobilization and will be approved by Project Proponent. The contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as proposed in the Traffic Control Plan/Drawings for the information and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of any existing cross roads. The contractor will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided as per the MoRTH specifications. Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor 6-89 Environment Management Plan

103 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility 15. Risk from Electrical Equipment(s) 16. Risk Force Measure 17. First Aid 18. Informatory Signs and Hoardings The Contractor will take all required precautions to prevent danger from electrical equipment and ensure that - 1. No material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or inconvenience to any person or the public. 2. All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public in construction zones. 3. All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standards (IS) codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision. The contractor will take all reasonable precautions to prevent danger to the workers and public from fire, flood etc. resulting due to construction activities. The contractor will make required arrangements so that in case of any mishap all necessary steps can be taken for prompt first aid treatment. Construction will submit Site Specific Safety Plan and will be approved by Project Proponent. The safety plan prepared by the Contractor will identify necessary actions in the event of an emergency. The contractor will arrange for - 1. A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone 2. Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital. The contractor will provide, erect and maintain informatory/safety signs, hoardings written in English, Hindi and local language, wherever required. Flora & Fauna (Plantation, Preservation, Conservation Measures) The contractor will take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any 19. Flora and Fauna other persons from removing and damaging any flora (plant/vegetation) and fauna (animal). If any carcass of any wild animal/ wetland bird is found near the construction site Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor 6-90 Environment Management Plan

104 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility Labour Camp Management 20. Accommodation 21. Potable Water 22. Sanitation and Sewage System at any point of time, the contractor will immediately take necessary actions for dealing with the same. Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labor camp. The contractor will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner. It will also be ensured that, local labour will be hired to the maximum extent possible. The Contractor will construct and maintain all labor accommodation in such a way that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. The contractor will also guarantee the following: 1. Supply of sufficient quantity of potable water (as per IS) in every workplace/labor camp site at suitable and regular maintenance of such facilities. 2. If any water storage tank is provided that will be kept such that the bottom of the tank at least 1m. 3. c) Testing of water will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991. The contractor will ensure that 1. the sewage system for the camp are designed, built and operated in such a way that no health hazards occurs and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses take place 2. separate toilets/bathrooms, wherever required, screened from those from men (marked in vernacular) are to be provided for women 3. adequate water supply is to be provided in all toilets and urinals 4. all toilets in workplaces are with dry-earth system (receptacles) which are to be cleaned and kept in a strict sanitary condition Project Proponent through Contractor Project Proponent through Contractor. Project Proponent through Contractor 6-91 Environment Management Plan

105 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility 23. Waste Disposal Contractor s Demobilization 24. Clean-up Operations, Restoration and Rehabilitation Operation Phase 1. Monitoring Operation Performance 2. Maintenance of Drainage 3. Pollution Monitoring 5. human excreta is to be disposed of by putting layer of it at the bottom of a permanent tank prepared for the purpose and covered with 15 cm. layer of waste or refuse and then covered with a layer of earth for a fortnight. The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, provided by Project Proponent. Contractor will prepare site restoration plans. The clean-up and restoration operations will be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage as per Comprehensive Waste Management Plan, provided by Project Proponent. All disposal pits or trenches will be filled in and effectively sealed off. All construction zones including road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction of Project Proponent Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent will monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project. The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; status of rehabilitation of borrows areas; and utility of noise barriers. Facility Management Team of Project Proponent will ensure that all drains (side drains, median drain and all cross drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding. They will also ensure that all the sediment and oil and grease traps set up at the water bodies are cleared once in every three months. The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality, noise level, water (both ground and surface water) quality, soil pollution/contamination in the selected locations Project Proponent through Contractor. Project Proponent through Contractor. Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent. Facility Management Team of Project Proponent Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent through MoEF / NABL Accredited 6-92 Environment Management Plan

106 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility 4. Air Pollution 5. Noise Pollution 6. Soil Erosion 7. Maintenance of surface water bodies 8. Energy Conservation Measures 9. Solid waste Management 10. Water Sourcing as suggested in pollution monitoring plan will be responsibility of Project Proponent, for which monitoring laboratory dully accredited by MoEF / NABL will be hired. Ambient air concentrations of various pollutants will be monitored as envisaged in the pollution-monitoring plan. Green belt development will be carried out and maintained. Noise pollution will be monitored as per monitoring plan at different zones. Noise control programs will be enforced strictly. Monitoring the effectiveness of the pollution attenuation barriers, if there is any, will be taken up thrice in the operation period. Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion will be carried out once in every three months as suggested in monitoring plan. Project Proponent will ensure that no effluent from the proposed development will be discharged into any surface water bodies. It will ensure that water conservation measures are being implemented and that the treated effluent is effectively reused within the site. Project Proponent will ensure that effective energy conservation measures are being adopted so as to reduce the power demand. Project Proponent will ensure that the municipal solid waste generated during the operation phase of the proposed project will be handled as per the Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules, The E-waste generated will be handled as per the E-Waste Management & Handling Rules, 2010, biomedical waste (if generated) will be sent to authorize biomedical recyclers as per notified Biomedical Waste Management Handling (Amendment) Rules, The hazardous waste will be stored within the site and will be handled as per the Hazardous Waste Management Handling and Transboundary Movement (Amendment) Rules, Project Proponent will ensure that for the proposed development, water from the existing public supply will be used; however, in case of extraction of water from Laboratory. Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent through MoEF / NABL Accredited Laboratory Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent through MoEF / NABL Accredited Laboratory Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent. Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent 6-93 Environment Management Plan

107 S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility 11. Wastewater Treatment 12. Water Conservation ground water, necessary permission will be taken from CGWA and subsequently, the ground water recharge will be done through rain water harvesting techniques. Project Proponent will ensure that no untreated wastewater will be discharged outside the project premises. It will be ensured that the wastewater generated is treated in STP and is reused for landscaping, flushing and HVAC cooling purposes within the development. Project Proponent will ensure water recycling for landscaping, flushing and HVAC cooling purposes within the project premises. Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent 6-94 Environment Management Plan

108 The detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) required to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts during construction and operation phase of the project are as given below: 6.5 EMP FOR AIR ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase Site Preparation Environmental impacts during construction phase will mainly arise due to civil works such as site preparation, RCC foundation, construction etc., material and machinery transportation, fabrication and erection etc. The construction phase impacts are temporary and localized phenomena except the permanent change in local landscape and land use pattern at the project site. However, they require due consideration with importance during project execution and also wherever applicable detailed procedures shall be implemented to prevent/mitigate adverse impacts and occupational hazards. To mitigate the impact of dust during the construction phase of the proposed project, the following measures are recommended for implementation: A dust control plan; and Procedural changes to construction activities. a. Dust Control Plan Appropriate measures have been recommended and will be implemented to mitigate the adverse impacts of dust on health of construction workers and the settlements around the site. The following measures have been recommended: Paving: The major access roads to the site will be paved as a part of the overall development plan. The material storage areas will also be paved for dust control. Graveling: Locally found gravel will be applied to the other access roads to serve as a protective layer over the exposed soil. Water Sprinkling: Water sprinkling will be carried out for the surfaces exposed to high wind speeds or heavy vehicular movement. Reducing Vehicle Speed: High vehicle speeds increase the amount of fugitive dust created from unpaved areas. Speed bumps will be provided to ensure speed reduction on unpaved areas. Material Storage: All material storage areas will be adequately covered and contained so that they are not exposed to high wind speeds on site leading to dust/particulate emissions. Fabrics and plastics will be used for covering soils and debris to reduce fugitive dust emissions. b. Procedural Changes to Construction Activities Production and Transportation of Material - The transport of materials such as concrete and asphalt to the construction sites generate significant amount of road dust, especially for sites that are relatively far from material manufacturers. Setting up temporary portable concrete plants and/or asphalt plants at construction sites can eliminate haulage of materials Environment Management Plan

109 Idling Time Reduction - Construction equipment is commonly left idling while the operators are on break or waiting for the completion of another task. Emissions from idling equipment tend to be high, since catalytic converters cool down, thus reducing the efficiency of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide oxidation. Existing idling control technologies, which automatically shut the engine off after a preset time can reduce emissions, without intervention from the operators. Improved Maintenance - Recognizing that significant emission reductions can be achieved through regular equipment maintenance, contractors will be asked to provide maintenance records for their fleet as part of the contract bid and at regular intervals throughout the life of the contract. To mitigate the impacts of DG set operation it will ensured that the DG set would have sufficient stack height as per CPCB guidelines to disperse the pollutants Noise Environment To mitigate the impact of noise from the construction equipments on site, the following measures are recommended for implementation: Time of Operation: Minimum construction activities will be scheduled during night time. Material transport will be strictly limited to daytime hours to ensure minimum incremental noise during night hours. Job Rotation: Workers employed in high noise areas will be engaged in shifts to minimise exposure. Protective Equipments: Earplugs/muffs or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those working very close to the noise generating machinery. Vibration Control: For vibration control, damped tools will be used and the working hours will be limited. To mitigate the impacts of noise generation due to DG sets, it will be ensured that DG set is enclosed in acoustic enclosure and has adequate stack height so as to disperse the emissions Construction Material Management The major construction material to be used for construction include bricks, coarse aggregates, cement, coarse sand, reinforcement steel, structural steel, aluminium doors & windows, granite and vitrified tiles for flooring and other water supply & sanitary fittings. The material will be loaded and unloaded by the engaged labour on site. The duties of the contractor will include monitoring all aspects of construction activities, commencing with the storing, loading of construction materials and equipment in order to maintain the quality. The work should be completed as per the final construction schedule. Bricks should be stacked neatly at designated place of storage yard. Other material like aggregate, reinforcement and consumables should also be tidily stored in place and released for use without causing litter around. The contractor shall be responsible for management of such construction material during entire construction period of the project. Sufficient quantity of materials should be available before starting the each activity Environment Management Plan

110 The contractor should test the all the materials in the Government labs or Government approved labs in order to ensure the quality of materials before construction. This is also the responsibility of the contractor, which would be clearly mentioned in the contractor s agreement. As soon as the construction activity is over the surplus earth shall be utilized to fill up the low-lying areas, if any. All stationary machines shall be inspected weekly for maintenance and will be fitted with exhaust pollution control devices. Operation Phase To mitigate the impact of pollutants from vehicular traffic as discussed in during the operational phase of the site the following measures are recommended for implementation: Vehicle emission controls and alternatives; and Greenbelt development Vehicle Emission Controls and Alternatives The project premises will have specialized parking facilities for smooth traffic movement. The parking details are given below: S. No Details Parking Provided 1 Surface Bus 2 This is a new development and the parking requirement for the proposed development has been worked out as per the DCR and MoEF norms. Parking facilities provided inside the project premises will be ground floor parking areas. A total parking of 264 ECS is proposed for the proposed project area. The detailed parking plan for the proposed beach resort has been shown in Annexure 6.1. Proper Road Network: A proper road network shall be constructed within the site boundary for approach to various equipment/ installations in the site. Footpaths, and Pedestrian Ways - Adequate footpaths, and pedestrian ways shall be provided at the site to encourage non-polluting methods of transportation. Greenbelt Development : Increasing vegetation in the form of greenbelt is one of the preferred methods to mitigate air pollution. Plants serve as a sink for pollutants, act as a barrier to break the wind speed as well as allow the dust and other particulates to settle out there. It also helps to reduce the noise level to some extent. Hence, The project will be so developed that approximately sqm of area will be developed as green area to mitigate air and noise pollution. Details of Greenbelt development are given in Section The trees for green belt development, that are proposed to be grown as barrier to Air pollution are also given in same section Environment Management Plan

111 6.6 EMP FOR NOISE ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase During the construction phase, there would be a temporary increase in ambient noise levels due to construction machinery operation and movement of construction vehicles. Though the industrial countries have specified limits for occupational noise exposure, the permissible noise exposure limit for industrial workers is primarily concerned with harmful effects of noise and its objective is to protect the hearing of working people. The American Conference on Government of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), USA, has prescribed the following permissible noise exposure limits for industrial workers as given in Table 6.2. TABLE 6.2 STANDARDS FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE Exposure time in hours/day Limit in db(a) ½ 99 ¼ 102 1/ / / Exposure to continuous and intermittent noise levels louder than 115 db(a) should not be permitted. Following mitigation / management measures shall be adopted during construction period: For protection of construction workers, earplugs should be provided to those workers who will be working very close to noise generation source. Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found defective will be replaced. Vehicles hired for bringing construction materials at sight shall conform to the noise emission standards and shall be operated during non peak hours. Workers employed in high noise areas will be rotated. Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those working very close to the noise generating machinery. Smooth flow of traffic should be ensured on the internal road to avoid idling and honking of vehicles. Ambient Noise level monitoring shall be conducted at suitable locations at periodic intervals during construction phase to conform to the stipulated standards both during day and night time. Data shall be reviewed and analysed by the project manager for adhering to any strict measure. Noise levels will also be monitored at point sources for occupational noise exposure and ensuring health risk Environment Management Plan

112 6.6.2 Operation Phase To mitigate the impact of noise due to vehicular movement during the operational phase the greenbelt development is recommended as per the details mentioned in Section and proper traffic management is also proposed to be implemented. 6.7 EMP FOR WATER ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase To prevent degradation and maintain the quality of the nearby seashore water/other water bodies, adequate control measures have been proposed to check the surface run-off, as well as uncontrolled flow of water into any water body. Following management measures are suggested to protect the water quality during the construction phase. - Avoid excavation during monsoon season. - Care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. - Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary septic tanks shall be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent wastewater from entering the water bodies. - To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. The floors of oil/grease handling area should be kept effectively impervious. Any wash off from the oil/grease handling area or workshop shall be drained through impervious drains, Clarifiers or oil/water separators shall be constructed and effluent should be treated appropriately before releasing it. - Construction activities generate disturbed soil, concrete fines, fertilizer, oils and other wastes. Onsite collection and settling of storm water, prohibition of equipment wash downs, and prevention of soil loss and toxic releases from the construction site are necessary to minimize water pollution. - All stacking and loading areas should be provided with proper garland drains equipped with baffles to prevent run off from the site to enter any water body Operation Phase In the operation phase of the project, water conservation and development measures need to be taken including all possible potential for conservation of water, reuse, harvesting and recycling of water. These could be in the form of the following: - Water source Development - Minimizing water consumption - Promoting reuse of water after treatment and development of closed loop systems for different water streams Water Source Development At the project site, use of rainwater recharging will be done through a rain water lagoon. The size of rain water lagoon is about 10,000 sqm to recharge the entire runoff generated from the proposed project. The layout of storm water line showing the rain water lagoon is enclosed as Annexure Environment Management Plan

113 Minimizing water consumption Water consumption will be minimized by a combination of water saving devices such as implementing fixtures that are low flow and water efficient models together with other water conservation measures. Furthermore, to ensure ongoing water conservation, an employee education and awareness programme will be introduced for the staff working during the operation phase at the beach resort. Following section discusses the specific measures, which shall be implemented; Domestic Usage - Use of water efficient plumbing fixtures (low flow toilets and urinals,). Water efficient plumbing fixtures use less water with no marked reduction in quality and service. - Leak detection and repair techniques. - Sweep with a broom and pan where possible, rather than hose down for external areas; - Meter water usage, employ measurement & verification methods. Monitoring water use is a precursor for management. - Awareness campaign to disseminate knowledge on strategies and technologies that can be used for water conservation. Horticulture - Plants with similar water requirements shall be grouped on common zones to match precipitation heads and emitters. - Use of low-volume, low-angle sprinklers for lawn areas. - Select controllers with adjustable watering schedules and moisture sensors to account for seasonal variations, and calibrate them during commissioning. - Selecting a drought resistant grass, and using lawn chemicals and fertilizer sparingly also reduces watering needs. - Place 3 to 5 in. of mulch on planting beds to minimize evaporation. Promoting Reuse of Water after Treatment To promote reuse and development of closed loop system for water, segregation of two schemes are proposed namely: (i) (ii) Wastewater Treatment scheme Storm water management scheme. i) Wastewater Treatment Scheme: As explained in Section 5.6.2, The total wastewater generation is 310 KLD which will be treated in an onsite STP of 375 KLD capacity. The total reclaimed water available for use is 295 KLD out of which 238 KLD will be used for landscaping, 48 KLD for flushing, and 9 KLD for partial HVAC cooling. Dual plumbing system will be provided for the proposed project and the plan of same is enclosed as Annexure Environment Management Plan

114 Sanitation infrastructure for Wastewater Treatment and its reuse will consist of : - Wastewater collection & conveyance system. - Wastewater treatment & disposal arrangement. The total wastewater generation is 310 KLD which will be treated in an onsite STP of 375 KLD capacity based on submersible membrane bioreactor system. Sewage Treatment Plant (by using submersible membrane bioreactor) STP based on the Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) is a combination of Activated Sludge process combined with absolute filtration (with Ultra Filtration). Bio-Degradation is carried out due to the presence and growth of Microorganisms and suspended solids. These suspended solids and Microorganisms are separated from water by membrane unit. Scheme of Process Raw sewage from various sources is subjected to following treatment to obtain the treated water quality. Bar screen Chamber The raw sewage will be received at the inlet of the bar screen to trap any floating particles and debris. Oil & Grease Trap and Equalization tank A belt type oil skimmer and grease trap will be provided to remove the floating oil and grease. The oil free effluent overflows to the collection cum equalization tank. The sewage generation is not uniform and is subjected to fluctuation. Hence to maintain a constant flow and to homogenize the sewage quality a suitable retention time is provided in the Equalization tank. Air mixing is also provided to enhance the above process. Aeration tank is designed for average daily flow of 10 hrs retention. A fine screen is placed in between to trap any sharp objects or small particles. Aeration Tank (Process Tank/ Bio reactor) The aeration system works on an extended aeration activated sludge process. The biological reaction is sustained by maintaining a required level of MLSS mg/l in the aeration tank. The generation of biomass reduces the incoming BOD and COD to greater than 95%. Oxygen transfer is achieved by means of fine bubble diffusers placed at the bottom of the tank to transfer atmospheric oxygen from air. The process aeration blowers are provided for the biological tank and ensure that sufficient oxygen is available to maintain the biological process in the tank. The mixed liquor containing the biomass overflows/ pumped from the aeration tank to the membrane tank for removal of BOD. The MBR is basically a combination of Activated Sludge process combine with absolute filtration (UF). The basic biological aeration system considered utilizes diffused aeration to provide the required oxygen that will maintain the healthy biomass. The MBR produces superior quality effluent through an innovative combination of immersed, low-pressure reinforced hollow fiber ultra-filtration membranes and a suspended growth biological reactor. The reinforced hollow fiber UF membranes replace the solids separation function of secondary clarifiers and the polishing function of granular filter media that are found in conventional activated sludge systems. By eliminating the need for sludge settling, MBR process can operate at mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations in the range of 8,000 to 12,000 mg/l three to five times greater than Environment Management Plan

115 conventional systems, resulting in plants that are significantly more compact than a conventional plant. Fewer processes, combined with highly automated, PLC operation makes plant operation less labor intensive and much more straightforward. Plant operators are only required to perform regular preventive maintenance on system pumps, blowers, and associated mechanical equipment to ensure efficient biological processes and optimum membrane permeation. FIGURE 6.2 MBR CONFIGURATION At the core of the MBR is reinforced hollow fiber membranes chosen based on the long-life and high performance in the harsh, high-solids environment of a bioreactor. The rugged fibers are held in large modular cassettes that are immersed directly into the bioreactor. With nominal and absolute pore sizes of 0.04 microns and 0.1 microns respectively, UF membranes virtually ensures a particulate-free effluent. Each cassette has a permeate header that is connected to the suction side of a pump, which applies a low-pressure vacuum to draw treated effluent through the microscopic pores of the fibers in an outside-in flow path. This method of permeation minimizes energy demands and prevents particles from fouling and plugging the inside of the membrane fiber. Outside-in permeation also simplifies membrane cleaning and maintenance, enabling a stream of coarse bubbles to rise vertically along the length of the membrane to scour rejected solids away from the membrane surface. Periodically, the permeate flow is automatically reversed to backflush solids that have accumulated in the membrane pores. When necessary, in-tank chemical recovery cleanings can restore membrane permeability to optimum levels. The modular membrane cassettes are designed to provide a great deal of flexibility in system design. The membrane cassettes are either immersed into steel tanks or concrete tanks supplied by the buyer. The reinforced hollow fiber membrane is of choice for strict nitrogen and phosphorous discharge limits. Typically, the lead end of the bioreactor is designed as an anoxic (zero dissolved oxygen) zone. This is used to assist with ph control and for denitrification in applications where low levels of total nitrogen (TN) are required in the effluent stream. One permeate pump per train is employed to draw water through the membranes. The permeate pumps, associated valves and piping for the system are mounted on a factory assembled, epoxycoated carbon steel skid. Treated water flows from the permeate skid to the final disposal point. Under normal operation and average day flow conditions, permeation is stopped for specific period of time at regular intervals. This membrane relaxation period, combined with air scouring, effectively removes solids that have accumulated on the membrane surface or within the fibers and reduces electrical costs. Same permeate pump is provided for back pulsing the membranes. Under increased Environment Management Plan