RESIDENTIAL WASTE DIVERSION STRATEGY November 30, 2015

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1 RESIDENTIAL WASTE DIVERSION STRATEGY November 30, 2015 Waste & Recycling Services

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3 Table of Contents WHY DO WE NEED A STRATEGY?...2 WHAT ARE WE WASTING?...4 WHAT ARE WE DIVERTING?...5 WHAT COULD WE DO BETTER?...6 WHAT DO WE WANT TO ACHIEVE?...7 HOW WILL WE ACHIEVE THESE TARGETS?...8 HOW WILL PROGRAMS BE IMPLEMENTED?...9 TIMELINE...10 WHAT DO OUR RESIDENTS THINK?...11 RECOMMENDATION...13 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS...15 Executive Summary On March 2nd, 2015 City Council set the direction for Waste and Recycling administration with two official business resolutions (OBRs) that looked to promote and create enhanced opportunities for waste diversion. The first OBR tasked administration to draft a waste diversion policy and action plan to achieve maximized diversion of recyclable and compostable materials from the landfill. This policy was approved by City Council on July 20, 2015 and outlined specific targets for both residential and non-residential waste sectors. The second OBR looked at hiring a specialized independent consultant to evaluate the potential of a curbside recycling diversion program for Lethbridge which included a materials recovery facility (MRF) feasibility study as well as a private versus public comparison for curbside collection operations. From the direction of the above OBR s, Waste and Recycling administration has drafted a Waste Diversion Strategy for the residential sector. This strategy is in alignment with previous City Council, City of Lethbridge, regional and provincial policies and plans and will focus on the conservation of natural resources. This strategy will meet customer expectations in the delivery of programs and increase public awareness around resource conservation. To achieve waste diversion goals, targets from the residential sector have been adopted from the Waste Diversion Policy: 50% waste diversion rate by % waste diversion rate by 2030 These targets will be reached by implementing effective and proven methods that increase waste diversion: Introduction of a Curbside Recycling Collection Program in 2018 Introduction of a Curbside Orgranics Collection Program in 2021 Waste diversion and disposal will be tracked over time to monitor the success of meeting diversion targets and goals. 1

4 Why do we need a strategy? The City of Lethbridge plans to implement a Residential Waste Diversion Strategy to promote and provide opportunities for waste diversion and public engagement. Plans This strategy aligns with the South Saskatchewan Regional Plan s strategic direction to adopt the triple bottom line approach to conserve and protect the local natural environment and resources. Further support is found in the City of Lethbridge Intergrated Community Sustainability Plan/Municipal Development Plan, which intends to minimize Lethbridge s ecological footprint by using resources efficiently and exploring methods to reduce, reuse and recycle products that are currently identified as waste. Waste reduction and the conservation of resources have been identified as important elements in several corporate strategic plans. This Residential Waste Diversion Strategy is also in alignment with City Council Strategic Goal #5 as outlined in the Strategic Plan. City Council takes a leadership role in the protection and preservation of our natural environment in Lethbridge. City Council Strategic Plan Finally, this Residential Waste Diversion Strategy supports the Waste & Recycling Services mission to provide the community with a sustainable waste management system, so as to maintain a clean, healthy urban environment. The implementation of this strategy will help achieve these goals by providing opportunities to increase waste diversion while engaging stakeholders in the residential sector. 2 We will be an educated, accountable community, whereby residents and businesses expect and participate in sustainable waste management and reduce waste disposal. Waste & Recycling Services Business Unit Vision Statement

5 Policies This strategy will support City Council s Environmental Policy and Waste Diversion Policy. The City is committed to taking a responsible leadership role in the efficient use of natural resources. Environmental Policy Statement (Approved May 11, 2015) On July 20, 2015, City Council approved the Waste Diversion Policy, which contained defined targets for waste diversion within the City of Lethbridge. The policy outlined guiding principles for future diversion program development and incorporated the waste management hierarchy, which was adopted from the Province of Alberta s Too Good to Waste strategy. Waste Diversion Policy Statements: Protect and conserve resources Utilize resources efficiently to their fullest extent Maximize diversion and reduce per capita waste disposal Mitigate the long term liability of landfill sites Increase public awareness of environmental issues and resource conservation Engage citizens and meet customer expectations in the design and delivery of programs Waste Diversion Policy Guiding Principles: Treat the waste stream as waste with potential value Waste management hierarchy Financial sustainability Fully costed waste disposal Environmental sustainability 3

6 What are we wasting? In order to deliver a successful diversion program, it is important to first understand the type of waste that is generated. Current waste collection is provided by the City of Lethbridge to 37,500 dwellings, which are serviced on a weekly basis through either semi-automated, or fully automated curbside service. The City also provides a suite of additional waste disposal options. Current Waste Disposal Options Automated waste collection Large Item Service program Clean Community programs Demolition bin rentals Waste & Recycling Centre Free Saturday Disposal program Hazardous Waste, Paint and Oil Safe Disposal programs This suite of programs for waste disposal have been identified as being valuable and important services to the community (City of Lethbridge 2014 Ipsos Reid Community Satisfaction Survey). Citizen s Importance of Garbage Collection (Ipsos Reid 2014) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Very Important - 88% Somewhat Important - 11% Not Important - 1% Citizen s Satisfaction of Garbage Collection (Ipsos Reid 2014) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Very Satisfied - 68% Somewhat Satisfied - 25% Not Satisfied - 7% 4

7 What are we diverting? Current waste diversion opportunities for residents include recycling services provided through centralized stations, yard waste recycling services, and collection of additional materials for recycling or safe disposal, such as electronics, household hazardous waste and paint. Current Waste Diversion Programs Centralized recycling stations Centralized yard waste sites Curbside leaf collection Curbside Christmas tree collection Electronics recycling Batteries, lawn equipment, scrap metal, tires, and clean wood recycling Outreach programs also impact residents behaviour by educating them about practices such as reuse, composting, grasscycling, and other waste reduction methods. Current Waste Prevention Programs Grasscycling promotion Backyard composting Reuse promotion Community Outreach and Education Litter clean-up/prevention School tours and presentations Event recycling Recycling programs have been identified as being valuable and important services to the community (City of Lethbridge 2014 Ipsos Reid Community Satisfaction Survey). In comparison, satisfaction of recycling programs is not as well supported as garbage collection. This implies further recycling promotion and program development is wanted from residents. Citizen s Importance of Recycling (Ipsos Reid 2014) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Very Important - 79% Somewhat Important - 16% Not Important - 5% Citizen s Satisfaction of Recycling (Ipsos Reid 2014) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Very Satisfied - 32% Somewhat Satisfied - 32% Not Satisfied - 35% 5

8 What could we do better? Current waste diversion programs help to divert approximately 20% of the total residential waste from the landfill. This rate could be improved upon to not only increase diversion, but to also meet the expectations of the community. The remaining 80% of waste is characterized through on-going waste audits completed by Waste and Recycling Services. Waste audits specific to Lethbridge typically have a high volume of organic materials, including yard and food waste. The current combination of diversion programs has resulted in a waste diversion rate of 20%. Total residential waste disposal versus waste diversion 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Waste Diverted - 20% Potentially Divertable Waste- 58% Non-Divertable Waste- 22% Remaining 80% non-diverted waste Organics - 47% Recyclables - 25% Waste - 28% 6 72% of all materials placed in garbage carts could have been diverted from the landfill.

9 What do we want to achieve? In order to track the success of a waste diversion strategy focused on conservation, a performance monitoring system needs to be established to monitor waste diversion and disposal, now and into the future. This requires an initial baseline study for comparisons that will track diversion and disposal continuously over time. Targets were first introduced in the Waste Diversion Policy (approved by City Council on July 20, 2015) in order to measure performance. The goal of that policy was to reduce the current overall Lethbridge disposal rate of 1150 kg/capita to 600 kg/capita within the next 15 years, in order to align with the Province of Alberta s 2015 target of 662 kg/capita. Targets in the residential sector can be measured by calculating the total weight of waste diverted from disposal over the total weight of waste generated and is represented by the waste diversion rate. Performance can be monitored by benchmarking the percent diversion rate and the per capita waste disposal against the targets approved in the Waste Diversion Policy. Residential Waste Diversion Policy Targets 70 % 65% 60 % 50 % 50% 40 % 30 % 20 % 20% 10 % See Appendix A - Waste Diversion Policy Target Table for detailed target figures. 7

10 How will we achieve these targets? The recommended way to reach the targets in the Waste Diversion Policy is to implement proven strategies that have been implemented by other municipalities. Research has found that the most effective strategies rely on providing a level of convenience to the customer, which then results in maximum participation. If program implementation is delayed or not pursued, diversion would stall and level out at the previous stage. The most successful strategies implemented by other communities in order to reach waste diversion targets have been curbside recycling collection, curbside organics collection, and expansion of existing diversion programs % Residential Waste Diversion Rate Potential % 60 % 50% Organics 50 % 40 % 30 % 20% 35% Recyclables 20 % 10 % 0 % Special Materials (batteries, paint, tires, electronics) By implementing curbside recycling in 2018, waste diversion rates would increase from 20% to an estimated rate of 35%. By implementing curbside organics collection in 2021, waste diversion rates would increase to a total estimated rate of 50%. 8

11 How will programs be implemented? In order to achieve the targets set out in the Waste Diversion Policy, it is recommended to implement curbside recycling collection in 2018 and curbside organics collection in This will be the most effective and proven method for achieving targets based on research from other similar municipalities. By focusing on customer convenience and providing an enhanced level of service this will ensure the highest possible rate of particiaption in order to achieve City Council s waste diversion targets. These timelines also correlate to the waste diversion targets contained within the approved Business Waste Diversion Implementation Strategy as well as potential infrastructure development. Waste Diversion Plans Today: 20% 2021: 50% 2030: 65% Future: >65% Recyclable Material Organic Material Waste Centralized Recycling Stations Other diversion programs Centralized Yard Waste Sites Other diversion programs Weekly Waste Collection (Pay As You Throw) Waste & Recycling Centre 2018 Bi-weekly Curbside Recycling Collection 2021 Weekly Curbside Organics Collection 2021 Bi-weekly Waste Collection Program Maturity Mandatory Recycling Designated Materials Disposal Bans Mandatory Recycling Designated Materials Disposal Bans Extend Pay As You Throw When program maturity is reached in 2030, the overall diversion rate would reach an estimated total of 65%. These programs would be complimented by education and social marketing techniques to encourage waste diversion behaviours. The focus of these efforts will be to maximize participation and diversion. The implementation of the new programs will require additional funding to support investment into infrastructure and to support additional operating costs. See Appendix B - Program Implementation Costs for estimated costs associated with the recommended program implementation. 9

12 Timeline Residential Waste Diversion Timeline Target 35% Diversion 2021 Target 50% Diversion 2030Target 65% Diversion Target > 65% Diversion 2016 Residential Stakeholder Engagement 2019 On-going Residential Stakeholder Engagement On-going Residential Education & Social Marketing On-going Residential Education & Social Marketing Curbside Recycling Pilot 2020 Curbside Organics Pilot Regulatory Options: Curbside Recycling Program Development Curbside Organics Program Development Designated Materials Mandatory Recycling Implementation Implementation Program Maturity Disposal Bans 2018 Biweekly Curbside Recycling 2021 Weekly Curbside Organics 2021 Biweekly Waste Collection See Appendix C - City of Lethbridge Residential Waste Diversion Strategy Program Overview for more detailed information on each program. 10

13 What do our residents think? The success of each diversion program relies on the resident s knowledge of how to participate in the programs effectively and correctly. Residents will be informed and educated to ensure the success of the programs and to achieve maximum diversion rates. Participants in waste diversion will be provided with the tools that they need to succeed and skills that will encourage a positive experience. Residents will understand their role and know that their actions ultimately impact the greater outcomes. Stakeholder engagement will primarily focus on residents of Lethbridge and will provide insight to the opinions and attitudes of the community surrounding waste diversion. Other stakeholders include private collectors, processors and operation staff. These other stakeholders will be consulted in the most suitable way for each individual group, which will vary depending on their needs and current perspectives. Some of this community input has already been gathered through residential surveys conducted in Support for Curbside Recycling (Ipsos Reid 2013) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Strongly Support 56% Somewhat Support 24% Somewhat Oppose 8% Strongly Oppose 9% Don t Know 3% Approval for a Proposed $10 Monthly Fee for Curbside Collection (Ipsos Reid 2013) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Strongly Approve 30% Moderately Approve 31% Moderately Disapprove 13% Strongly Disapprove 25% Approval for a Proposed $8 Monthly Fee for Curbside Collection (Ipsos Reid 2013) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Strongly Approve 31% Moderately Approve 35% Moderately Disapprove 10% Strongly Disapprove 23% Don t Know 2% 11

14 This public engagement will be based on a variety of techniques that will follow best practices, incorporating traditional and innovative methods and tools. It is beneficial to understand how the resident experiences waste services and what their values, wants and needs are around waste diversion. This information will help Waste and Recycling Services deliver a high level of service, valuable programming and enable performance tracking. Content for educational materials will be built from the information gained through stakeholder engagement. Communication and public engagement will begin before, during and after any new program implementation. Consideration will be given to continued education and support for residents and other stakeholders that are impacted by any actions resulting from this strategy. 12

15 Recommendation To meet the targets stated in the Waste Diversion Policy the following is recommended: Proceed with 50% by 2021 plan 2016/2017 Pilot curbside recycling 2018 Implement bi-weekly curbside recycling 2018 Opening new MRF facility 2020 Pilot curbside organics 2021 Implement weekly curbside organics collection 2021 Introduce biweekly garbage collection 13

16 Reference Documents: Supporting Official Business Resolutions Official Business: Waste Diversion. (March 2015). Retrieved from cache/2/ln5bvi2svntyrpeslo1eri3x/ pdf Official Business: Blue Bin Consultant. (March 2015). Retrieved from cache/2/ln5bvi2svntyrpeslo1eri3x/ pdf Supporting Policies Environment Policy. #CC51. City of Lethbridge. (2015, May 11). Retrieved from City-Government/City-Council/Documents/CC51 Environment.pdf Waste Diversion Policy. #CC54. City of Lethbridge. (2015, July 20). Retrieved from City-Government/City-Council/Documents/CC54%20Waste%20Diversion.pdf Supporting Plans Too Good To Waste: Making Conservation a Priority. Alberta Environment and Parks. (2007). Retrieved from City of Lethbridge Comprehensive Waste Diversion / Waste Prevention Master Plan. (2008). Sonnevera. Retrieved from Reduction%20Masterplan.pdf City of Lethbridge Integrated Community Sustainability Plan / Municipal Development Plan. (2010). Bylaw#5650. City of Lethbridge. Retrieved from Development/Documents/ICSP.MUNICIPAL%20DEVELOPMENT%20PLAN.pdf Lethbridge City Council: Strategic Plan (2014.) Lethbridge City Council. Retrieved from Strategic%20Plan.pdf South Saskatchewan Regional Plan ( ): An Alberta Land-use Framework Integrated Plan. (2014.) Government of Alberta. Retrieved from Final%20Document_ pdf Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Waste Implementation Strategy. (2015). City of Lethbridge. Waste and Recycling. Retrieved from Recycling%20Implementation%20Strategy,% pdf 14

17 Reference Documents: Supporting Surveys Citizen Perceptions about Residential Recycling. Ipsos Reid. Survey. (2013, April). Retrieved from Residential%20Recycling%20-%20Lethbridge%20Presentation%20(April%2030%202013).pdf City of Lethbridge 2014 Community Satisfaction Survey. Ipsos Reid. Survey. (2014, August). Retrieved from Survey%20Results.pdf 15

18 Appendix A: Waste Diversion Policy Target Table Residential 330 kg/capita 180 kg/capita 140 kg/capita Diversion % ICI 450 kg/capita 350 kg/capita 270 kg/capita C&D 370 kg/capita 260 kg/capita 190 kg/capita Reduction % Total 1,150 kg/capita 795 kg/capita 600 kg/capita Reduction %

19 Appendix B: Program Implementation Costs Material Recovery Facility Budget Estimate Consultant Processing Cost Year 1 $150/tonne $145-$160/tonne Processing Cost Year 15 $150/tonne $105-$120/tonne Revenue - $95-$105/tonne Capital Cost (incl. in processing cost) $3-5 million $11-12 million Bi-Weekly Recycling Collection Budget Estimate Consultant $9-$10/month $9.40/month Pilot $500, Implementation - Bi-weekly Recycling Capital - Materials Recovery Facility Capital - Trucks Capital - Carts $11-12 million $2.5 million $2.2 million Weekly Organics Collection Budget Estimate $7-$8/month 2020 Pilot $700, Implementation - Weekly Organics Capital - Trucks Capital - Carts $2.7 million $2.2 million Bi-weekly Waste Collection Budget Estimate Consultant -$2/month -$2.65/month 2021 Implementation - Bi-weekly Waste Capital - Trucks & Carts $0 $0

20 Appendix C City of Lethbridge: Residential Waste Diversion Strategy Program Overview Centralized Recycling Stations: The City of Lethbridge currently owns and operates three centrally located recycling stations which provide residents opportunities to divert recyclable material such as cardboard, paper, plastics [# s 1-7], clear glass and metal food cans. The design of the recycling stations also includes a yard waste site which provides diversion options for organic material. Recycling stations compliment curbside recycling collection and provide options for large volumes or targeted material. Centralized Yard Waste Sites: The Yard Waste Sites offer residents an option for managing household organics from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM seven days a week, open April 1 st to November 30 th. Yard waste and branches accepted at the Bridge Drive West and 3 rd Avenue North are recycled into compost and wood fiber mulch, which is reused in city parks and made available to residents on a first come, first served basis. Weekly Waste Collection: Current waste collection is provided by the City of Lethbridge to 37,500 dwellings, which are serviced on a weekly basis through either semi-automated, or fully automated curbside service. Bi-weekly Curbside Recycling Collection: Curbside collection that accepts materials such as cardboard, paper, plastics # s 1-7, clear glass and metal food cans. Bi-weekly collection collects material every other week, rather than weekly to reduce collection costs. Weekly Curbside Organics Collection: Curbside collection that accepts food and yard waste, including many materials that are unsuitable for backyard composting. Bi-weekly Waste Collection: Reduces waste collection to bi-weekly, alternating with biweekly curbside recycling collection. Waste will be picked up every other week, rather than weekly to reduce collection costs and encourage waste reduction. Designated Materials: Include readily recyclable materials that are resources and should be diverted from the landfill. Mandatory Recycling: Regulatory option that requires residents to separate/divert designated materials from the waste stream through recycling alternatives. Materials that are required to be recycled must have well established markets and be promoted to the community prior to implementation. Waste and Recycling Centre: provides diversion and safe disposal options for designated materials. Disposal Bans: Regulatory Option where designated materials are prohibited from disposal and require residents to participate in reduction and diversion programs. Disposal bans have a significant waste reduction and diversion potential, but rely on education and enforcement. Similar to mandatory recycling, materials that are banned from disposal must have well established markets and be promoted prior to implementation. Pay as You Throw (PAYT): Residents are charged for the amount of waste they produce, with the intent to reduce waste and encourage participation in diversion programs. The current weekly waste collection service offers residents the option of a 5 bag cart at $13.60/month and a 3 bag cart at $ Into the future, this cost saving for waste reduction could be extended to encourage and create a greater financial incentive to participate.

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