STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MONGOLIA

Transcription

1 STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MONGOLIA J Davaasuren Water Infrastructure Expert Water Authority of Mongolia Prof.Basandorj Mongolian University of Science and Technology

2 Contents 1. Brief history of water infrastructure in Mongolia 2. Water infrastructure types 3. Urban water supply structures 4. Irrigation system 5. Herdsmen and livestock water supply wells 6. Flood protection structure 7. Hydro Power plants 8. Industry water supply 9. Mining water supply structures 10. Waste water treatment plant 11. Existing problems in water infrastructure in Mongolia 12. Objective 13. Priority issues of regional cooperation 14. Conclusion and recommendations

3 Brief history of water infrastructure in Mongolia It is divided in to 3 periods: 1. People s Revolution and before the 1930s 2. Planned economy period s 3. Free economy market since 1990 Hand wells and irrigated agriculture had worked since 13 th century. Engineering designed water infrastructures : Special engineering wells since 1930 s irrigation system, water supplement since 1960 s flood protection channels, dams since 1966 s hydro power plant since 1959 s

4 Water infrastructure types Urban water supply structures Herdsmen and livestock water supply wells Irrigation system Industry water supply Flood protection structure Hydro Power Plants Mining water supply structures Waste water treatment plant Non physical WI

5 Urban water supply structures The capital city s fresh water supply network established in 1959 for the purpose of urban drinking water supply and that was the first infrastructure of the water supply Ulaanbaatar city water supply resources of Ulaanbaatar city: 159 borehole wells 3 pump station 10 reservoirs 440 êì long pipeline.

6 Irrigation systems Managing agriculture including with irrigation system in our country founded in the earliest time and main irrigation structure was based on the earth dams. Engineering method was used since 1960 and it has been intensively developed throughout engineering designed irrigation systems

7 Irrigation systems Engineering designed irrigation system s structure developed dramatically in s Qualification/ Years Number of Restored irrigation systems Total investment, mil USD 1,9 1,1 5,8 3,9 0,8 Area /hec/

8 Dam reservoir for the purpose of irrigation system Gobi-Altai province, Tsogt village Khaya -reservoir for irrigation system Tuv province, Jargalant village dam reservoir for irrigation system Qualification / Years Number of new irrigation system Total investment, mil USD Area /hec/

9 Herdsmen and livestock water supply wells Animal watering in man made rain and snow collecting Pond Pit well in operation Shot tube well cased well with steel pipe

10 Herdsmen and livestock water supply wells Simple dug well /Average depth is 3-5m/ Borehole and pump station for watering animals / depth m/ Well types À. Total wells 24,556 8,183 19,189 10,000 Borehole /40-200m/ 7,486-5,542 - Short tube well /10-30m/ 7,624-6,022 - Pit well /10-30/ 9,446-7,605 - b. Simple well /3-5m/ 17,024 22,714 20,654 28,600 Total 41,580 30,897 39,843 38,700

11 Flood protection structure Flood Protection Structures Flood Protection Structures mainly built areas; Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, Erdenet cities, Uliastai, Sukhbaatar, Bulgan, Ulaangom provincial town and Chinggis Khan Aeroflot of Ulaanbaatar, Railway Station of Sukhbaatar town, Umnogobi and Bayankhongor province Aeroflot. Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan city Flood Protection Structures current situations are taken as an example and given an assessment and summary of on behalf of other Flood Protections Structures condition in Mongolia. Totally, there are 64 flood protection dams and channels.

12 Hydro Power Plant In use - small HPP 6,/ KW/ New built - HPP 5, /11-12MW/ Planning - HPP-5, / MW/

13 Industry water supply There are bigger 230 industries in Mongolia and its 70 % works in Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet and Darkhan cities. The industries use the water from centralized water supply network and about 300 wells. Annual water use mil ì 3.

14 Mining water supply structures Over 200 industries working. In it : 120 ground water 80 surface water. For the water infrastructure : Dust dam reservoir- 80 wells- 210

15 Waste water treatment plant Ulaanbaatar city s central water treatment plant Factory s waste treatment plant In states, there are 103 water treatment plants. Normally working 41 abnormally working 27 Activities stopped km long waste water pipelines, Waste water pumping station 29. Manual treatment plant 10, Natural treatment plant 5, Artificial biological treatment plant 8. Annually, over 200 mil m3 waste water is treating.

16 Problems 1. Many patterns of ownership and usage /state, private, enterprises, local area properties etc/ 2. Controlling on construction activities and /lack of rule and regulation/ 3. Lack of investment 4. Poor capacity building 5. Collecting information and data /no integrated database/ 6. Less developed economy and ecological value is not important for developing country such as Mongolia 7. Less developed PPP 8. Link programs and projects for Green Growth

17 Objectives Make an adjustment to runoff of bigger rivers and transfer the runoff to the area where is creating desertification, dust storm and poor water resources Construct the water resources complex and use it for multipurpose Increase the water resources in a way of artificial lakes, ponds, reservoirs stored from rain and snow water Privatize the wells are in purpose of herders and animal husbandry water supply, to make wells for each of herders family Be reflected a Strategic planning policy of water infrastructure in state water management planning Increase the loan and assistance of domestic and foreign investors for the water infrastructure

18 DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC ZONES OF MONGOLIA

19 Priority issues of regional cooperation 1. Multi purpose dame on the Tuul river project: for Water supply of Ulaanbaatar city and Hydro power, approximate cost: mln.us$ 2. Orkhon-Govi project: for water supply of mining industry in the Gobi region and irrigation Grassland, water supply of herdsmen and livestock husbandry. approximate cost: 500 mln.us$ 3. Herlen-Gobi project: divert water from the Herlen river and supply it to the Southeastern Gobi regions, for agricultural users, farming, livestock and mining. approximate cost: 400 mln.us$

20 Wastewater reuse project Wastewater capacity m3/day Dams for 36mln.cubic meter Capacity HPP -50MW Reusing water for coal power plant No3 and No m3/day Reusing water for green area-24000m3/day

21 Building of big dams last 5 years

22 Recommendations: -Develop non physical WI /improve organizational, managerial and legislative issues in water sector of Mongolia/ -strengthen strategic planning and management of water resources at the national and local levels - Manage water sources and construct big dams and multipurpose reservoirs - promote water education and provide public participation -Involvement regional projects, invite international expert in E/E water infrastructure and analyze, prepare regional related data for development WI

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