Section 6.1: A Changing Landscape. Name: Block: Date:

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1 Section 6.1: A Changing Landscape Name: Block: Date: 1. Our daily activities impact the quality of Earth s natural resources:,, a. These activities are:,, 2. The Effect of Human Activity :Agriculture a. b. c. 3. the practice of clearing large areas of land to plant a single highly productive crop year after year. a. What is the advantage of monoculture? 4. The Effect of Human Activity :Development a. b. c. d. i. Ex. 5. The Effect of Human Activity :Industrial Growth a. Pollution by :, due to power and energy requirements. b. Industrials wastes from manufacturing and energy production discarded into the c. Ex. formed by chemical reactions among pollutants released into the air by industrial processes and automobile exhaust.

2 Sustainable Development 6. provides for human needs while preserving the ecosystems that produce natural resources. 7. are things that can be bought and sold, that have value in terms of dollars and cents. 8. are processes or actions that produce goods. 9. are the goods and services produced by ecosystems that benefit the human economy. Ecosystem Goods and Services 10. What do healthy ecosystems provide? Give examples. 11. How does society get goods and services if the environment is not healthy (polluted)? a. Example: Many places have drinkable water provided naturally by by wetlands i. Pollution leads to water quality. 1. Cities and towns must then pay for or treatment to provide safe drinking water. 12. Classification of ecosystem goods and services: Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources a. Renewable resource. i. Ex. b. Nonrenewable resources. Sustainable Resource Use i. Ex. 13. What is sustainable development? 1. How are fossil fuels formed? 14. List the characteristics of sustainable development. a. b. c. d.

3 Section 6.2 Using Resources Wisely Name: Block: Date: Soil Resources 1. Why is soil important? 2. How do we protect it? 3. What is topsoil? 4. What are the qualities of good topsoil? a. and moisture yet allows water to drain. b. It is rich in and, but low in. c. Produced by long-term interactions between and the growing in it. d. Can be a if it is managed properly, but it can be or Soil Erosion 5. What is soil erosion? if it is. i. Ex. Soil of the was once until years of poorly managed farming and severe drought in the 1930s badly eroded the area and turned it to, or a dust bowl. 6. What makes soil erosion worse? 7. Where are deserts found? 8. What causes desertification? 9. How much of the Earth s land is considered at risk for desertification? 10. What is deforestation? 11. How much of the world s forests have been lost to deforestation? 12. List 4 advantages of healthy forests. a. b. c. d.

4 13. Deforestation a. Why are old-forests considered nonrenewable resources? Deforestation Soil Erosion 14. Deforestation can lead to 15. or after deforestation can permanently change local soils and microclimates in ways that prevent the regrowth of trees. Soil Use and Sustainability 16. What can help hold soil in place between plantings? (List 2 things) Freshwater Resources a. can help hold soil in place between plantings. b. Crop rotation c. Contour plowing- i. This can reduce and therefore. d. Terracing shaping the land to create level also helps hold and. 17. We need fresh water and freshwater ecosystems for a., b., c., d., e., f., g., 18. Some farmland relies heavily on, 19. fresh water is brought in from other sources. 20. Some sources of fresh water are 21. Only of Earth s water is fresh water and most of that is locked in at the.

5 Water Pollution 22. : harmful material that can enter the biosphere. 23. What are the primary sources of water pollution? 24. Pollutants enter water supplies from a single source a. ex Pollutants enter water supplies from many smaller sources. a. Ex. Industrial and Agricultural Chemicals 26. Examples of industrial pollutant Residential Sewage a. class of organic chemicals b. enter and beneath bodies of water, be difficult to eliminate. c. Other harmful industrial pollutants: heavy metals like. d. Large-scale monoculture has increased the use of and. i. Ex. - controls pests and disease-causing mosquitoes are potential pollutants. 1. When DDT gets into the water supply, can occur. a. - occurs if a pollutant, such as DDT, mercury, or a PCB, is picked up by an organism and is not broken down or eliminated from its body. Instead, the pollutant collects in body tissues. e. another chemical accumulates in the bodies of certain marine fish such as tuna and swordfish. 27. Sewage contains lots of and. a. Large amounts of sewage can stimulate and that rob water of. b. Oxygen-poor areas called can appear in both fresh and salt water. c. Raw sewage also contains that can spread Water Quality and Sustainability 28. How do we sustain water use?

6 29. all the land whose groundwater, streams, and rivers drain into the same place such as a large lake or river. 30. Why is it good to treat sewage before it goes into the water bodies? 31. What is the integrated pest management (IPM) used in agriculture? (List the advantages) 32. : delivers water drop by drop directly to the roots of plants. Atmospheric Resources 33. provided by the atmosphere; the quality has direct effects on health. 34. List the characteristics of ozone. a. b. c. 35. What were the greenhouse gases which regulate global temperature? 36. What would happen to the Earth s temperature without greenhouse effect? Air Pollution 37. List what happens when the quality of Earth s atmosphere is reduced. Smog 38. List the common forms of air pollution > gray-brown haze formed by chemical reactions among pollutants released into the air by industrial processes and automobile exhaust. Example: Acid Rain 40. Burning releases nitrogen (N) & sulfur (S) compounds. 41. When N & S compounds combine with water vapor in the air, they form and acids.

7 42. These airborne acids can drift for many kilometers before falling as. Greenhouse Gases a. can dissolve and release and other toxic elements from soil, freeing those elements to enter other parts of the. b. In some areas, acid rain kills by damaging their and changing the chemistry of and surface. c. can also cause damage to. 43. How is CO 2 released into the atmosphere? 44. How is methane released into the atmosphere? 45. When excess accumulate in the atmosphere, they contribute to and. Particulates 46. are microscopic particles of ash and dust. a. How are they released? b. How can they get into the body? Air Quality and Sustainability 47. How has the air been kept clean by the government? Section: 6.3 Biodiversity Name: Block: Date: The Value of Biodiversity 1. is the total of all the genetically based variation in all organisms in the biosphere. 2. List the types of Biodiversity 3. the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the biosphere. 4. The number of different species in the biosphere, or in a particular area. 5. sum total of all different forms of genetic information carried by a particular species, or by all organisms on Earth.

8 6. Why do we have to value biodiversity? (List 2 reasons) 7. What are the benefits of biodiversity to society? (List 2) Biodiversity and Medicine 8. What is the original source of all medicine? a. Give an example Biodiversity and Agriculture 9. What do wild plants carry that we can use? a. How can we use these genes? b. Why do we need these genes? c. Give examples Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services 10. The and of species in an ecosystem can influence that ecosystem s,, and to humans. Threats to Biodiversity a. Also, healthy and diverse ecosystems play a vital role in maintaining,, and quality 11. Species diversity is related to. a. The more genetically diverse a species is, the greater its chances of. b. So as human activity reduces, species are put at a greater risk for. 12. Species diversity is also linked to. a. As ecosystems are damaged, the organisms that inhabit them become more vulnerable to. b. As species, the potential contribution to human knowledge that is carried in their genes is. 13. How do humans reduce biodiversity? a.

9 b. c. d. e. Altered Habitats 14. Why are we eliminating natural habitat? 15. What does our land development do to the ecosystem? a. What is the process called? i. Habitat fragmentation creates. 1. What is a biological island? Hunting 16. Why are animals hunted? 17. Why does by habitat fragmentation affect hunted species more than other species? 18. What organization bans the international trade of endangered species? Introduced Species-invasive species 19. How can introduced species become a problem to an ecosystem? Example? Pollution-Many pollutants threaten. 20. Ex. prevents birds from laying healthy eggs. 21. Ex. places stress on land and water organisms. Climate Change 22. How does climate change affect organisms? 23. What happens when the organism cannot tolerate the climate change? Protecting Individual Species 24. What is the job of The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA)? Preserving Habitats and Ecosystems 25. the goal is to preserve the natural interactions of many species. 26. and work to set aside land as parks & reserves.

10 The United States has: a., b., c., Preserving Habitats and Ecosystems 27. An is a place where significant numbers of species and habitats are in immediate danger of extinction. a. Why is it important to identify ecological hot spots? Considering Local Interests 28. How can people help protect biodiversity? (List 4) Section: 6.4 Meeting Ecological Challenges Name: Block: Date: Ecological Footprint 1. What is ecological footprint? a. Describes the total area of and needed both to provide the resources an individual or population uses and to absorb the that or generates. b. Take into account the need to provide resources such as,,, and, and to absorb such wastes as and. c. Used to calculate the biosphere s for humans. Case Study #1: Atmospheric Ozone 2. Ozone layer a. The atmosphere contains a relatively high concentration of b. How far is ozone from the Earth s surface?

11 c. What is the function of ozone? d. What is ozone considered at ground level? e. What did researchers discover that could damage the ozone layer? i. What was the original use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)? f. How was the problem with CFCs solved? Case Study #2: North Atlantic Fisheries 3. What was the cause of the increase in seafood catch from 1950 to 1997? a. What happened to the fish population as a result of the increase in seafood catch? b. What organization was created to regulate commercial fishing? i. What guidelines were created to guide commercial fishing? Changing Behavior: Regulation of Fisheries 4. farming of aquatic animals offers a good alternative to commercial fishing with limited environmental damage if properly managed. 5. Why are some people reluctant to accept conservation efforts? Case Study #3: Climate Change 6. Which organization gives us information about climate change? a. What do they say about global temperature?

12 Biological Evidence b. Increase in average temperature is called. c. What is the cause of the rise in sea level since 1961? i. How did we confirm that these were really melting? 7. How would organisms be affected by change in abiotic factors? a. If temperature rises, organisms would toward cooler places away from the and from warm lowlands to cooler, higher altitudes. b. and are often cued by seasonal changes. If warming is occurring, these organisms should. i. Ex. What is happening to the Yellow-bellied marmots? 8. What did researchers determine to be the cause of the global current warming? 9. List the possible effects of climate change a. b. c. 10. List ways we can use in changing our behavior in the future.