Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.

Transcription

1 Skills Worksheet Concept Review MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. 1. ground-level ozone 2. scrubber 3. radon gas 4. nitrogen oxides 5. decreased ph 6. possible long-term effect of air 7. necessary to control acid precipitation 8. atmospheric condition trapping 9. possible short-term effect of air a. primary pollutant b. secondary pollutant c. indoor air d. control e. acid precipitation f. temperature inversion g. lung cancer h. deafness i. international agreement j. nausea 10. possible long-term effect of noise MULTIPLE CHOICE In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 11. Which of the following is an example of a primary pollutant? a. ground-level ozone b. soot from smoke c. radon d. All of the above 12. Which of the following would be a potential cause of sick-building syndrome? a. acid precipitation b. smog c. fungi d. all of the above Holt Environmental Science 1 Air

2 Concept Review continued 13. Catalytic converters, scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators are examples of a. technologies used to treat sick-building syndrome. b. technologies used to counteract the effects of acid precipitation on aquatic ecosystems. c. technologies used to capture radon gas. d. technologies used to control emissions. 14. During a temperature inversion, a. sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides combine with water in the atmosphere. b. an influx of acidic water causes a rapid change in the ph of water. c. levels of ground-level ozone decrease. d. pollutants are trapped near Earth s surface. 15. What is not a consequence of acid precipitation? a. an increase in the ph of soil and water b. the death of aquatic plants and animals c. the destruction of calcium carbonate in building materials d. a change in the balance of soil chemistry 16. High blood pressure and stress are both human health effects linked to a. smog. b. air. c. light. d. noise. 17. Oil refineries and gasoline stations are both sources of a. particulate matter. b. volatile organic compounds. c. smog. d. All of the above 18. Uranium-bearing rocks underneath a house can be a source of a. ozone. b. asbestos. c. radon. d. formaldehyde. 19. An increase in the ph of a lake would most likely indicate a. the lake suffers from acid shock. b. calcium carbonate has been released into the lake. c. the area in which the lake is located suffers from acid precipitation. d. higher than average sulfur oxide levels in the atmosphere. 20. Acid precipitation is formed when a. sulfur oxides or nitrogen oxides combine with water. b. sulfur oxides combine with nitrogen oxides. c. ozone combines with automobile exhaust. d. nitric or sulfuric acids combine with ozone. Holt Environmental Science 2 Air

3 Skills Worksheet Critical Thinking ANALOGIES In the space provided, write the letter of the pair of terms or phrases that best complete the analogy. An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of words or phrases written as a : b :: c : d. The symbol : is read is to, and the symbol :: is read as. 1. scrubber : smokestack :: a. ZEV : smog b. catalytic converter : tailpipe c. VOCs : gasoline pumps d. car seats : vinyl chloride 2. particulate matter : primary pollutant :: a. asbestos : radon b. ground-level ozone : secondary pollutant c. sulfur dioxide : fossil fuels d. VOC : smog 3. temperature inversion : smog :: a. sick-building syndrome : indoor air b. ZEV : emissions c. catalytic converter : emissions d. carpets : formaldehyde 4. radon : lung cancer :: a. ozone : VOCs b. ventilation : indoor c. asbestos : fire retardant d. noise : hearing loss 5. shielding : light :: a. mold: indoor b. scrubber : noise c. SO 2 : acid precipitation d. ZEV : air 6. acid precipitation : Canada- U.S. Air Quality Agreement :: a. sick building syndrome : ZEV b. air : Clean Air Act c. ventilation : sick-building syndrome d. sea-coal : medieval air 7. bronchitis : emphysema :: a. fossil fuel : nuclear power b. ZEV : VOC c. pneumonia : lung cancer d. lumens : light db : 40 db :: a. ph 2 : ph 5 b. ph 7 : ph 5.6 c. 40 db : 50 db d. ph 1 : ph acid precipitation : sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, water :: a. air : dust, pollen, spores b. ozone : vehicle emissions, sunlight, oxygen c. VOCs : smog d. light : sodium lamps 10. vehicles, industry : outdoor air :: a. nitrogen, oxygen : volcanoes b. farming, fires : construction c. ear protection : noise d. plastics, building materials : indoor air Holt Environmental Science 3 Air

4 Critical Thinking continued INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS Read the following passage, and answer the questions that follow. Lake Sulfox is having some problems with its fish population. Commercial fishermen are claiming that their catches have declined, and they are blaming the decline on the supposed acidification of the lake by a local coal-fired power plant. The Lake Sulfox Advisory Board has the following data on file. Higher sulfate levels in the lake mean greater acidity. Assume that the size of the fish harvest is a good indicator of the size of the fish population. Annual Fish Harvest (metric tons) Mean Sulfate Levels (ppm) What is the apparent relationship between the size of the fish harvest and the sulfate levels in the lake? 12. Do the data prove that acidification of the lake by sulfates is responsible for the decline in the lake s fish population? Provide at least two reasons to support your viewpoint. Holt Environmental Science 4 Air

5 Assessment Chapter Test Air MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. 1. organic chemicals that vaporize readily 2. works by giving dust particles an electrical charge 3. can lead to stress and high blood pressure 4. can lead to difficulty breathing and heart failure 5. can lead to allergic reactions to fungi and mold a. soot from smoke b. ground-level ozone c. VOCs d. scrubber e. electrostatic precipitator f. noise g. ozone h. sick-building syndrome i. asbestos j. light 6. leads to energy waste 7. primary pollutant 8. works by dissolving pollutants in water 9. secondary pollutant 10. involved in the formation of smog MULTIPLE CHOICE In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 11. All of the following are primary air pollutants except a. carbon monoxide. b. nitric acid. c. sulfur oxides. d. VOCs. 12. Which of the following industries is the largest producer of primary air pollutants in the United States? a. electricity production b. healthcare c. transportation d. agriculture Holt Environmental Science 17 Air

6 Chapter Test continued 13. Temperature inversions work to trap when a. cool air above keeps warmer air at the surface from moving upward. b. cool air above keeps warmer air at the surface from absorbing solar radiation. c. warm air above keeps cooler air at the surface from absorbing solar radiation. d. warm air above keeps cooler air at the surface from moving upward. 14. The following ailments are long-term effects of air except a. emphysema. b. lung cancer. c. headaches. d. heart disease. 15. Light can be decreased by a. directing lighting downward. b. lighting billboards from below. c. using incandescent light bulbs. d. increasing the number of lights per block on a city street. 16. Acid precipitation can be traced back to a. the burning of fossil fuels. b. the use of electrostatic precipitators. c. thermal inversions. d. the release of particulate matter into the atmosphere. 17. When the acidity of soil increases, a. the ph reaches levels as high as 7.0 to 9.0. b. some nutrients are dissolved and washed away. c. the number of bacteria increases as well. d. Both (a) and (b) 18. Acid shock can be treated by a. decreasing the ph of the affected water to 2.0. b. pouring sulfuric acid into the affected water. c. adding powdered aluminum to the effected water. d. adding powdered lime to the affected water. 19. Acid precipitation can lead to all of the following except a. a decrease in a community s standard of living. b. an increase in respiratory ailments. c. an increase of aquatic biodiversity. d. a destruction of historic monuments. 20. The 1991 Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement is meant to a. reduce the acidic emission flowing across the Canada-U.S. boundary. b. increase the use of alternative fuel sources. c. set up a joint meteorological research council. d. protect the ozone layer. Holt Environmental Science 18 Air