Perspectives of energy recovery from food waste generated from hotels

Transcription

1 Perspectives of energy recovery from food waste generated from hotels G. Perkoulidis and N. Moussiopoulos Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Lab. of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering

2 AUTh/ Aristotle University Thessaloniki (AUTh) Faculty of Engineering - Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering () Sources:

3 profile and history Source:

4 Introduction Typical and best practice carbon footprint and hotspot sources for a meal of 0.2 kg beef, 0.1 kg asparagus, and 0.4 kg potato Reduction of environmental footprint in hotels Source: AccorHotels, 2016 Source: FINAL.pdf

5 Tourism - climate change and anaerobic digestion process Source:

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7 unsorted waste generation for good performing mid-range hotels Source:

8 Preparation, buffet and customer plate leftover waste in a hotel Source: Papargyropoulou et al., 2016

9 17,240 biogas and 367 biomethane plants in Europe Source: European Biogas Association, 2017

10 The aim To propose an economic and environmentally sustainable solution for energy recovery from food waste in hotels located in Central Macedonia, Greece

11 Hotels are located in urban and rural areas Source: Google Earth

12 The seven regional units of Central Macedonia, Greece

13 Number of beds in hotels in Central Macedonia Source: Papadimitriou, 1995 Source: Regional Association of Solid Waste Management Agencies of Central Macedonia, 2016

14 Percentage of produced food waste in the regional units of Central Macedonia Source: Regional Association of Solid Waste Management Agencies of Central Macedonia, 2016 Occupancy rate of beds in hotels during the tourist season: 70% of hotels capacity 68 t of food waste / day = 70% x 88,196 beds x 1.1 kg of food waste per customer and day

15 Produced biowaste during the 6 months of tourist season in the regional units Regional unit Number of beds in hotels Produced biowaste (t/d) Produced biowaste during 6 months (t) Chalkidiki Imathia Kilkis Pella Pieria Serres Thessaloniki Total

16 Anaerobic digestion pilot projects involved in food waste treatment Technical specifications Capacity Estimated biomethane High-temperature hydrolysis, anaerobic digestion, co-digestion Co-digestion output (10,000 m 3 /year) Sludge: 435 t/d; food waste: 65 t/d Food waste: 500 t/d; sludge: 100 t/d; 1,429 other bio-municipal solid waste: 50 t/d Co-digestion Sludge: 600 t/d and expired food 959-1,061 High-solids anaerobic digestion Food waste: 300 t/d 551 Co-digestion Sludge: 200 t/d; food waste: 50 t/d 306 Co-digestion Food waste: 200 t/d; sludge: 250 t/d; dead 1,163 livestock: 30 t/d Co-digestion Sludge: 300 t/d; food waste: 200 t/d 561 Impurity removal, oil-water Food waste: 2,200 t/d; sludge: 250 t/d. 1,470 separation, anaerobic digestion Co-digestion Biodegradable municipal waste: 600 t/d; 306 food waste: 80 t/d Co-digestion Biodegradable municipal waste: 1, t/d; food waste: 500 t/d Anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis Sludge: 300 t/d; food waste: 200 t/d 561 Source: De Clercq et al., 2016

17 Calculated treatment cost in low capacity anaerobic digestion facilities Low-cost systems can produce electricity and be economically viable in ways similar to the largescale, capital-intensive systems Source: Lansing et al., 2008

18 Contribution of anaerobic digestion process to climate (1/2) By diverting 1 t of biodegradable waste from a landfill towards anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and fertilisers could prevent up to 2 t of CO 2 equivalent emissions as it was stated by a review of comparative Life Cycle Assessment of food waste management systems and by European Commission The emission factor of 185 kg CO 2 eq./t of biowaste treated through anaerobic digestion was proposed by Smith et al. (2001) for calculating the total greenhouse gas flux, where the sum of fossil and sequestered C were taken into account Sources: Bernstad and la Cour, 2012, EU, 2017, Smith et al. 2001

19 Contribution of anaerobic digestion process to climate (2/2) The emission factor of 126 kg CO 2 eq./t of biowaste treated through anaerobic digestion was proposed by DEFRA (2011) for calculating the total greenhouse gas flux Sources: Athens Biowaste model software, 2015

20 Energy recovery potential during the 6 months of tourist season Regional unit Number of beds in hotels Produced biowaste (t/d) Produced biowaste during 6 months (t) Energy recovery during 6 months (MWh) Chalkidiki 46, ,444 1,444 Imathia 1, Kilkis Pella 2, Pieria 20, , Serres 2, Thessaloniki 14, , Total 88, ,224 2,740

21 Available options and implementations for anaerobic digestion Slaughterhouse Source: Gkamarazi, 2015 (available at: 16/06/2017) Rural technology <-> Urban environment Combined with other organic waste Turn dog poop into energy Source: /news/national/waterloo-ont-toturn-dog-poop-into-energyfertilizer-in-pilotprogram/article /, 16/06/2017

22 1 st available option for the hotel industry Co-digestion One digestion facility in Chalkidiki with an annual capacity of 20,000 t

23 2 nd available option for the hotel industry Low budget facilities At least two low budget anaerobic digestion facilities with an installation capacity ranged from 15 to 38 t/day The amount of energy that can be recovered depends on technologies that vary considerably in design, engineering and performance Source: Lansing et al., 2008

24 Annual GHG avoidance achievable for a single campsite Source: ment/emas/takeagreenstep/p df/bemp-9.5-final.pdf

25 Conclusions (1/2) The amount of food waste that has to be disposed in landfills in the regional units of Central Macedonia could be reduced by 10% w/w [68 t of food waste from hotels / (35% w/w * 1,900 t of municipal solid waste)]

26 Conclusions (2/2) The total greenhouse gas emission savings from the anaerobic digestion of hotel biowaste in the seven regional units of Central Macedonia during the tourist season of six months will be 2,261 t CO 2

27 Sources

28 Thank you!