Emission reductions from Waste Treatment and Disposal in Germany

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1 Emission reductions from Waste Treatment and Disposal in Germany Dr. Georg Maue, Federal Ministry for the Environment Mitigation Workshop, Bali, 7th December 2007, data provided by Wolfgang Butz, Federal Environment Agency

2 Content: Waste disposal in Germany Development of the legal requirements and their effects Waste management Emission trends Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

3 Effects of legal requirements Year < (1990) 1990 Legal requirement not specified (Initial position) Waste Management Act 17. BImSchV Ordinance on incineration plants Effect more than 8000 unmanaged landfills and wild dumps Obligation to obtain a permit for landfills State of the art technology bigger central landfills (~400) Strict requirements and limit values for emissions Dioxin-discussion Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

4 Effects of legal requirements (2) Year 1993 > 1993 Legal requirement TA Siedlungsabfall (TA Si) technical guidance for municipal waste other legal requirements related to the separate collection and recycling Effect Collection and treatment of landfill gas and leachate Ban of the deposition of biodegradable waste (12 years transition period) strong adjustment of incineration Separate collection of food and garden waste (composting) Packaging waste, old cars, commercial waste, Batteries.. Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

5 Effects of legal requirements (3) Year 2001 Legal requirement Transposition of EU-Landfill- Abfallablagerungsverordnung Ordinance on Environmentally Compatible Storage of Waste from Human Settlements Legal allowance of mechanicalbiological waste treatment (MBT) Landfill criteria for MBT plants Closing of non-compliant landfills (2006: 133 Landfills) Strengthening of legal status of TA-Si requirements Directive Effect Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

6 Effects of legal requirements (4) Year Legal requirement Effect BImSchV Ordinance on Facilities for Biological Treatment of Waste Annex 23 of waste water ordinance Waste water from Facilities for Biological Treatment of Waste Strict legal standards and emission limits for MBT plants Legal standards for the wastewater from MBT plants Including biotests Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

7 Effects of legal requirements (5) Year Legal requirement Effect 2002 Landfill Ordinance Implementation of EU- Landfill-Directive and Further strengthening of TA-Si requirements Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

8 Changes in pathways for management of household waste, 1990 to Recycling (paper, glass, packaging) Composting MBT Incineration Landfills Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

9 Implementation of actual Requirements (since 2005) Closure of non-compliance landfills cessation of the deposition of biodegradable Waste Pretreatment of municipal waste in incineration plants or mechanicalbiological treatment (MBT) plants Comparably strict legal requirements for MBT and incineration plants Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

10 Requirements for MBTs Enclosure and exhaust gas collection for all relevant treatment steps Strict emission limits (Dust, TOC, N 2 O, Dioxin comparable to incineration plants) Demanding exhaust gas treatment (RTO) with derivation via chimney Separation and utilization of fractions with high calorific value Special criteria for landfilling of MBA waste Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

11 Plant input Mg/a Material flow MBT (2006) MA MBT MBS MPS For futher treatment / energy recovery ( Mg/a) To landfill or material recovery ( Mg/a) Calculated loss of mass by biological degradation, drying and incomplete mass balances ( Mg/a) Contraries ( Mg/a) Else ( Mg/a) High calorific fractions ( Mg/a) Landfill material ( Mg/a) Non ferrous metal ( Mg/a) Fe-metal ( Mg/a) Other low calorific material, partly for treatment, recycling or landfilling ( Mg/a) Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

12 MBT Plant Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

13 MBT Output Landfilling of mechanicalbiological treated waste High caloric MBTfraction Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

14 Capacity of Waste treatment Plants MBT (incl. MBS, MPS und MA): 70 plants t/a Incineration: 75 plants t/a Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

15 Methane Balance for German Landfills methane [Gg] methane generated methane recovery methane emitted year Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

16 Methane-Emissions from German Landfills (IPCC - FOD - Method) Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

17 GHG Emissions and remaining emission reduction potential until 2020, [Mio. t CO 2 -equivalents] Pathway Waste Emissions Emissions Emissions 2020 Reduction Disposal optimised Potential Incineration Plants -1,00-2,47-5,42-2,95 Co-Incineration -0,05-2,16-3,55-1,39 Recycled Paper -0,31-1,71-1,65 0,06 Metals -0,28-0,78-1,55-0,77 Collection 0,48 0,36 0,36 0 MBT Plants 0 0,21 0,19-0,02 Landfills 39,23 0,09 0,02-0,07 Emissions with negative figures indicate that emissions from these pathways are lower than reductions due to substituted processes Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

18 Emission Projections Mio. Tonnen CO2-Äquivalente ,8 Treibhauseffekt durch Siedlungsabfall reversed trend from high emissions 1990 to negative emissions (substitution of fossile fuels and energy savings ) today and ongoing -7,7-10,7-11,5-13,2 Netto 100 Belastungen Schrottverwertung 50 Sperr/Altholzverwertung Altglasverwertung Altpapierverwertung 0 LVP Verwertung Bioabfallbehandlung -50 Mitverbrennung Deponie -100 MBA MVA -46,3-188,5-150 Sammlung Gutschriften -236,4 (GS) -250,2 GS MVA ,1 GS Mitverbrennung GS Bioabfall -250 GS LVP GS Altpapier -300 GS Altglas -20 GS Sperr/Altholz GS Metalle B B opt. Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

19 Share Waste Management/Climate targets GHG Emission Reduction Target: minus 40 % in 2020 (compared to 1990)= 500 Mio. t CO 2 -eqivalents until until total waste management Mitigation Workshop on Non-CO2, Bali, 7. December

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