Ecology Ecosystem Characteristics. Ecosystem Characteristics, Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow
|
|
- Reginald Lucas
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ecology Ecosystem Characteristics Ecosystem Characteristics, Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow
2 Let us consider ecosystems We have looked at the biosphere, and the biomes within the biosphere, the populations and communities Now ecosystems. How do we define the term ecosystem? Similar to our broad definition of ecology - relationships between the physical environment and the organisms inhabiting a specific region
3 Modern Ecosystem Studies The foundation for ecosystem analyses and most ecological studies is established based upon two general observable characteristics of nature - 1) Organisms form natural assemblages, each with somewhat predictable membership (remember the biomes), and 2) Organisms are directly and indirectly linked based upon their feeding or trophic relationships
4 Perception of the World Around Us It is easy to lose sight of the forest through the trees. Relationships among the members of an ecosystem can be quite complex and it is sometimes difficult to look at the totality of the system However, Lotka did not lose sight of the system
5 Admittedly simple, it is also elegant What are the parts outlined by Lotka in this oversimplified diagram?
6 These relationships embody the basic ecosystem characteristics Two major components of interest here - First is a function of energy flow in an ecosystem, that is, productivity and transfer of energy among organisms and the physical environment Second is a function of the transfer and cycling of nutrients among organisms and the physical environment
7 We have eluded to simple systems and descriptive studies The slide that follows represents a description of a high latitude ecosystem The trophic relationships are shown by connecting the members of the ecosystem and their food sources Remember, this is supposed to be a simple system
8
9 So, how do we proceed? The two components we have identified, energy and nutrients, are so tightly coupled that there is complete interdependence The joint consideration of these two components was just not done historically partially due to the lack of detailed analyses, and partly due to the complexity of most systems
10 Elucidation of boundaries It is not just complexity that makes ecosystem studies difficult, but where do you draw the lines? Recall our difficulties with ecotones and communities! That is, what do we include in the system, and what do we exclude from our consideration of an ecosystem? How might we make this distinction? What type of system might allow us to draw ecosystem boundaries?
11 Watershed studies are simplest Why? Why are watershed studies a good place to start when looking at boundaries and distinction among ecosystems? Recall our field site, H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest that is a single watershed
12
13 So, where do we begin? Although energy and nutrient flow are realistically inseparable on a system wide scale, we can gather data by looking at the component parts (reductionist approach) Study the individual and energy usage in a reductionist approach Then extrapolate to the system level by putting the pieces back together
14 And, start at the bottom A common method of comparing different ecosystems is to evaluate the relative amounts of net primary productivity (NPP) By definition, this quantity is the total energy or nutrients accumulated (by an individual, population, or community) by growth and reproduction Note that this is different than GPP (gross primary productivity)!
15 Quantifying NPP The standard representation of this quantity is the difference between the gross primary productivity (GPP) and losses due to respiration This is a measurable characteristic on an individual level, at least measured with some degree of accuracy
16 Look at this in terms of where the energy goes in one link of the web
17 Factors influencing photosynthesis One of the most important factors light intensity or light availability We have eluded to this in the discussions of the photic zone and compensation depth measures Saturation point is the level at which additional light (intensity) does not increase the rate of photosynthesis
18 What is photosynthetic efficiency? The intensity of incident solar radiation of full sunlight is about ten times the saturation point, so, what percentage of the solar energy is actually used for growth and reproduction? In general photosynthetic efficiency is very low, on the order of 1 to 2% (but note that this is about 10% of the useable solar radiation) Most is reflected and the absorption of light by molecules other than our photosystem pigments (with subsequent re-radiation of that energy in the form of heat)
19 Temperature is also important Here, the light intensity (the three different curves) is directly related to the temperature regime and the uptake measures of carbon dioxide in the system.
20 Water may be a limiting resource Effects are obvious water is a key component to the photosynthetic pathway and if it is limiting, the process cannot continue effectively regardless of the amount of light or temperature available to the various species Some forms exhibit phenomenal adaptations to limited water and really this is an issue of the ability of forms to survive in these habitats (remember our CAM and C 4 plants)
21 Finally, chemical nutrients may limit the net primary productivity Generally reflects the limitations in nitrogen and/or phosphorus Addition of these compounds often enhances the productivity of systems and generally, both are required to maximize the productivity Can we determine the health of a system? We can measure availability of these nutrients to evaluate limitations to productivity (such as the Redfield ratio of N:P as dissolved inorganic compounds in the water)
22 What about the Ecosystem Level? As opposed to the reductionist approach, it is sometimes more informative to evaluate the characteristics on an ecosystem level, the so-called synthetic approach Look at some of the NPP data available for different ecosystems
23
24 Beyond the primary productivity It is desirable to know not only the NPP, but also the productivity on the ecosystem level (that is, all species of a community) We often lump members of an ecosystem on the basis of trophic position, that is, how these forms make a living From this process we can construct an ecological pyramid based upon available energy or standing crop
25 Simple pyramid of energy
26 Biological Systems One aspect is the efficiency (or should I say inefficiency) of biological systems Our diagram of allocation of energy hinted at this and our pyramid exhibits this numerically The amount of energy that is passed from one trophic level to the next is generally very low
27 Estimates of Ecological Efficiency Calculated efficiencies range from about 5% to more than 25% (i.e., the amount of available energy in one level that is passed to the next level) This is not necessarily ecosystem based, or a trophic level feature, but level/system specific Conservative estimate of 10% is a reasonable working number (Kozlovski s generalization)
28 Actual calculation of the efficiency is not a simple or quick task
29 What do real data tell us? How accurate are our predictions? Ecological efficiency is extraordinarily variable from system to system and from level to level. Our estimate of 10% efficiency is just that and a gross generalization at best.
30 Another interesting measure Residence time of the energy in the various trophic levels the amount of time that energy stays in a trophic level (aka the accumulation of energy in the various levels ) The longer the residence time, the greater the accumulation of biomass in the ecosystem So which ecosystems will have the longest residence time???
31 Factors influencing this feature Residence time = Energy stored in biomass Net Productivity + Net gain in litter (accumulation/rate of fall) What is this telling us, i.e., how does this help us evaluate the dynamics of the system? Compare some systems.
32
33 Remember the productivity!
34 Some of the complexities Ecosystems are not closed entities The energy in a system is not confined to the productivity of the community members, there are also outside contributions, as well as external sinks for energy Another complicating factor in the evaluation of productivity, the definition and isolation of autochthonous sources from allochthonous sources
35 Similarly, losses from a system The losses from a particular trophic level do not necessarily reflect respiration and excretion it may include the deportation of energy to areas outside your particular ecosystem This can be the result of transient biological factors, or Physical processes such as run-off or sedimentation in lotic systems
36 What two factors limit the number of trophic levels in a specific ecosystem? First, and most importantly, the ecological efficiencies doubling, for example, the efficiency directly translates into the doubling of the energy available to the next trophic level Second, the net primary productivity of the system increasing the base NPP can result in an increase in the available energy at each subsequent level Could we do this artificially?
37 Can we generalize regarding the number of trophic levels? Sort of. It is perhaps the combination of productivity and the ecological efficiencies that really dictates, or more appropriately allows, a larger number of trophic levels in a given ecosystem. Look at the differences in the efficiencies, up to five times as the difference and the data suggest that this is the most important factor!
38 Break time
39 Now, Nutrients in the Ecosystem Before we look at specifics, we need to reiterate one very important difference between energy and nutrients What is the source of most of the physical energy on earth? And where does it ultimately go (at least most of it)? How about nutrients? Where do they come from? Where do they go?
40 Look at Nutrient Cycling
41 And indeed, it is cycling! Really on this level, we can treat water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, (really, any nutrient) all in the same manner. The material we have on earth is about it, i.e., we really are dealing with a closed system (at least on the biosphere level) Small amounts are added and lost, but not too much in terms of exchange outside of the biosphere
42 System-wide Analyses In consideration of the components in this type of analysis, the goal is to include all of the important pieces of the puzzle Realistically this is difficult, but at the same time, evaluation of the cycling of nutrients can also give us a view of the energy transfer within the system This is in part due to the nature of the materials in the compartments of the system
43 The nature of living systems (Recall the heat used to maintain higher body temperature by endothermic forms as well as some ectotherms)
44 Consider Nitrogen We know that nitrogen is one of our most common limiting factors in consideration of the productivity of a given system Take a look first at the cycling of nitrogen that we see on a local scale as well as on a global scale Where do we see the greatest effects from anthropogenic sources?
45
46 Look at Nitrogen in more detail Organic nitrogen in the form of protein is metabolized in the process of ammonification (both are in a reduced state and therefore high energy) Oxidation of ammonia releases energy and produces nitrites and nitrates. This process is effected by bacteria of various sorts. We can go one of two ways from here - Nitrites are reducable into atmospheric N 2 with subsequent nitrogen fixation for usable plant nutrients (also accomplished by various bacteria) Nitrates may be assimilated in organic macromolecules by reduction mechanisms (anabolic processes)
47
48 Carbon and Nitrogen What is at the basis of the carbon cycle? These are only two of the elements that must be cycled into and out-of biological systems The dynamic nature entails change, sometimes on a massive scale, but at the very least, on the individual ontogenetic scale The more these cycles are disturbed, the more we learn about the needed balance within the system and between the component parts of the ecosystem and biosphere as a whole
49 At the heart of cycling When we consider the cycling and regeneration of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems, this process happens in the soil in terrestrial habitats This is a function of both the abiotic and the biotic components of the soil The abiotic components include the type of parent rock, the ph and rainfall in terms of the rate of weathering and soil formation Clay and humus in particular are instrumental in the retention of essential nutrients for plants
50 But, we also have organisms The cycling becomes a biotic thing, when we start looking at this in terms of the detritivores and the decomposers that are resident in the soil Large forms such as earthworms and millipedes (the keystone species?) are major players in the breakdown of detritus In addition to that, fungi and bacteria are also essential to the total cycling package
51 We can look at aquatic systems too And really we can treat them in a very similar manner When we consider the potential participants in the cycling of materials in an aquatic environment, we need to look at this in terms of the abiotic and the biotic components, again What sorts of abiotic factors are contributing to the cycling of materials?
52 With available nutrients We saw earlier that aquatic habitats tend to have longer food chains or food webs (i.e., trophic levels) We also know where this begins, with the phytoplankton This material is then cycled through the components of the trophic levels with the passing of nutrients from one form to another
53 Nutrient Flow in a Salt Marsh
54 Export? One of the most interesting features of this type of system is that the cycling of material is more of a flow through system Salt Marshes and Estuaries are known for the influx of nutrients but at the same time, the material produced is also exported out of the system either by physical or biological phenomena
Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Tuesday, September 19, 17
Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Reversing Deforestation in Haiti Answers the following: Why is deforestation in Haiti so common? What the negative impacts of deforestation? Name three actions intended counteract
More informationChapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Reading Questions
APES Name 22 Module 7 Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 17 Module 6 The Movement of Energy 18 Ecosystem Field Walk 19 Module 7 The 23 Module 8 Responses to Disturbances
More informationGuided Notes Unit 3B: Matter and Energy
Name: Date: Block: Chapter 13: Principles of Ecology I. Concept 13.3: Energy in Ecosystems II. a. Review Vocabulary b. Autotrophs Guided Notes Unit 3B: Matter and Energy i. Producers: convert the light
More informationPrinciples of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
E Stuart Chapin III Pamela A. Matson Harold A. Mooney Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology Illustrated by Melissa C. Chapin With 199 Illustrations Teehnische Un.fversitSt Darmstadt FACHBEREIGH 10
More informationUnit 2: Ecology. Chapters 2: Principles of Ecology
Unit 2: Ecology Chapters 2: Principles of Ecology Ecology Probe: Answer the questions and turn it in! This is a standard aquarium with a population of fish. There is no filter in this aquarium and no one
More informationChapter 36: Population Growth
Chapter 36: Population Growth Population: Population Concepts interbreeding group of same species Carrying Capacity: maximum population size an ecosystem can sustainably support Critical Number: minimum
More informationCycles of Matter. Slide 1 of 33. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cycles of Matter 1 of 33 The purpose of this lesson is to learn the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. This PowerPoint will provide most of the required information you need to accomplish
More informationChapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65)
Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65) 2.2 Biogeochemical Cycles (pages 42 52) In order to survive and grow, organisms must obtain nutrients that serve as sources of energy or chemical building blocks,
More informationChapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem
Chapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem What is ecology? Global human issues Physical limits Ecosystems Organisms Populations Species Interactions Communities Energy flows and nutrients cycle C, H 2 0, P,
More informationDynamics of Ecosystems. Chapter 57
Dynamics of Ecosystems Chapter 57 1 The Water Cycle Nutrient Cycles Trophic Levels Primary Productivity Outline The Energy in Food Chains Ecological Pyramids Interactions Among Trophic Levels Species Richness
More informationAutotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
How Ecosystems Work Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs make their own food so they are called PRODUCERS Heterotrophs get their food from another source so they are called CONSUMERS Two Main forms of
More information2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Name: Date: (Reference: BC Science 10 pp. 68 to 91) Block: NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE. nutrients: aka.
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Name: Date: (Reference: BC Science 10 pp. 68 to 91) Block: NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE nutrients: stores: aka Nutrients are accumulated for short or long periods
More informationEcology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work
Ecology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work Name: Unit 2 1 In this second part of Unit 2, our big idea questions are: SECTION 1 How is energy transferred from the Sun to producers and then to consumers? Why do
More informationPrinciples of Ecology
Principles of Ecology 1 Keystone Anchors Describe ecological levels of organization in the biosphere. o Describe the levels of ecological organization (i.e., organism, population, community, ecosystem,
More informationMultiple Choice. Name Class Date
Chapter 3 The Biosphere Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following descriptions about the
More information3 3 Cycles of Matter. EOC Review
EOC Review A freshwater plant is placed in a salt marsh. Predict the direction in which water will move across the plant s cell wall, and the effect of that movement on the plant. a. Water would move out
More informationEcosystems: Nutrient Cycles
Ecosystems: Nutrient Cycles Greeks, Native Peoples, Buddhism, Hinduism use(d) Earth, Air, Fire, and Water as the main elements of their faith/culture Cycling in Ecosystems the Hydrologic Cycle What are
More information3.4 Cycles of Matter. Recycling in the Biosphere. Lesson Objectives. Lesson Summary
3.4 Cycles of Matter Lesson Objectives Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Describe how water cycles through the biosphere. Explain why nutrients are important
More informationThe Nonliving Environment
Chapter Review The Nonliving Environment Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Write the correct term in the spaces beside each definition. Unscramble the boxed letters to find a word that describes a
More informationWhat is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions.
Ecology What is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions. Biotic Factors Living things in the environment. Animals Plants Fungi Protists Bacteria Abiotic
More informationThe Carbon Cycle. Goal Use this page to review the carbon cycle. CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-19 DATE: NAME: CLASS:
CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-19 The Carbon Cycle Goal Use this page to review the carbon cycle. CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-20 The Carbon Cycle Concept Map Goal Use this page to make a concept map about the carbon cycle. What
More informationBiology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide
Name: Date: Block: Biology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide 1. Directions: Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. Ecology Biotic factors Nonliving Environments Atmosphere Humans
More informationWhat is Ecology? ECOLOGY is a branch of biology that studies ecosystems.
4.2 Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem Food Chains, Food Webs, and Ecological Pyramids What is Ecology? ECOLOGY is a branch of biology that studies ecosystems. Ecological Terminology Environment Ecology
More informationUnit 3: Ecology II Section 1: Environmental Systems and Nutrient Cycling
Unit 3: Ecology II Section 1: Environmental Systems and Nutrient Cycling Systems in the Environment are not Independent of one Another Central Case Study: The Vanishing Oysters of the Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake
More informationNiche and Habitat a species plays in a community. What it does all
Ecosystem Dynamics What is ecology? Study of the interactions between parts of the environment Connections in nature Abiotic: soil comp. Biotic: and Abiotic and Biotic factors factors in the environment
More informationEcology is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment
Chapter 3 and 4 Study Guide Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment This includes both biotic and abiotic factors- biotic factors are living
More informationEnergy Transfer p
Energy Transfer 22-1 p. 415-419 Essential Questions 1. Identify and describe the main types of producers and consumers in an ecosystem. 2. Calculate the amount of energy stored in biomass transferred from
More informationAutotrophs (producers) Photosynthetic Organisms: Photosynthesis. Chemosynthe*c bacteria
ALL living things need energy for growth, reproduction, metabolic reactions. Energy can t be created or destroyed only changed into different forms. SUN is source of all energy. Autotrophs (producers):
More informationCycles of Ma,er. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 3.4 Cycles of Matter
Lesson Overview Cycles of Ma,er Lesson Overview 3.4 Cycles of Matter THINK ABOUT IT A handful of elements combine to form the building blocks of all known organisms. Organisms cannot manufacture these
More informationPrinciples of Ecology
Principles of Ecology Ecology Study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environments Living things are affected by nonliving and living parts of the environment Abiotic factors:
More informationChapter Introduction. Matter. Ecosystems. Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Abiotic Factors Cycles of Matter Chapter Wrap-Up Energy in Ecosystems How do living things and the nonliving parts of the environment interact? What do you
More informationBiosphere & Biogeochemical Cycles
Biosphere & Biogeochemical Cycles Biosphere Sphere of living organisms All the regions of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms are found or can live. Interacts with all the other spheres
More informationNutrients elements required for the development, maintenance, and reproduction of organisms.
Nutrient Cycles Energy flows through ecosystems (one way trip). Unlike energy, however, nutrients (P, N, C, K, S ) cycle within ecosystems. Nutrients are important in controlling NPP in ecosystems. Bottom-up
More informationThe Biosphere and Biogeochemical Cycles
The Biosphere and Biogeochemical Cycles The Earth consists of 4 overlapping layers: Lithosphere Hydrosphere (and cryosphere) Atmosphere Biosphere The Biosphere The biosphere is the layer of life around
More informationWhat is an ecosystem?
1 What is an ecosystem? System = regularly interacting and interdependent components forming a unified whole Ecosystem = an ecological system; = a community and its physical environment treated together
More informationOcean Production and CO 2 uptake
Ocean Production and CO 2 uptake Fig. 6.6 Recall: Current ocean is gaining Carbon.. OCEAN Reservoir size: 38000 Flux in: 90 Flux out: 88+0.2=88.2 90-88.2 = 1.8 Pg/yr OCEAN is gaining 1.8 Pg/yr Sum of the
More informationChapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65)
Biology 20 Chapter 2.1_keyed Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65) 2.1 The Role of Water in the Cycles of Matter (pages 34 40) Due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds, water has several unique
More informationName: Section: Biology 101L Laboratory 8: Ecology and Food Webs (Exercise and homework adapted from Bio Food webs of Western Oregon University)
Biology 101L Laboratory 8: Ecology and Food Webs (Exercise and homework adapted from Bio 101-6 Food webs of Western Oregon University) Objectives (1) You will explore some of the key trophic relationships
More informationOverview Interactions of Living Things
Directed Reading for Content Mastery Overview Interactions of Living Things Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below. air biotic soil communities water organisms populations
More information1. All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food. a. Interaction b. Chain c. Network d. Web
Ecology Unit Test DO NOT WRITE ON TEST!!! Take a deep breath, take your time, and make sure you understand exactly what the question is asking you. For true/false, fill in the correct bubble ( A for true
More informationForest Production Ecology
Objectives Forest Production Ecology Overview of forest production ecology C cycling Primary productivity of trees and forest ecosystems ecologists and ecosystem managers are unlikely to achieve desired
More informationBiomass. primary productivity. Read Discovery: Ecology: Online reading on last slide Prentice Hall chapters 3&4. Ecosystems
How are detritivores different from decomposers? (please add this to your study guide) Detritivores take in dead material and it digest internally. They are all multicellular and eukaryotic (animals).
More information2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems. Review How energy flows What is the difference between a food chain, food web, and food pyramid?
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Review How energy flows What is the difference between a food chain, food web, and food pyramid? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr1iebeops https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alusi_6ol8m
More informationANSWER KEY - Ecology Review Packet
ANSWER KEY - Ecology Review Packet OBJECTIVE 1: Ecosystem Structure 1. What is the definition of an abiotic factor? Give one example. A nonliving part of an ecosystem. Example: water 2. What is the definition
More informationThe Cycling of Matter
Section 2 Objectives Describe the short-term and long-term process of the carbon cycle. Identify one way that humans are affecting the carbon cycle. List the three stages of the nitrogen cycle. Describe
More informationFood web Diagram that shows how food chains are linked together in a complex feeding relationship
Energy Flow Food web Diagram that shows how food chains are linked together in a complex feeding relationship The food web has a number of advantages over a food chains including: More than one producer
More informationUnit 11.1: The Science of Ecology
Unit 11.1: The Science of Ecology These brilliant red feathers are actually animals called tube worms. They live in an extreme environment on the deep ocean floor, thousands of meters below the water s
More informationChapter 2 9/15/2015. Chapter 2. Penny Boat. 2.1 The Role of Water in Cycles of Matter
Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Cycles of Matter 2.1 The Role of Water in Cycles of Matter 2.2 Biogeochemical Cycles 2.3 the Balance of the Matter and Energy Exchange 2.1 The Role of Water in Cycles of Matter In this
More informationEcosystem, Biodiversity. Lecture 4: Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering
Ecosystem, Biodiversity Lecture 4: Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering What are Ecosystems? Ecosystems are the biotic and abiotic factors in a specified area that interact with one another.
More informationVocabulary An organism is a living thing. E.g. a fish
Organisms in their Environment Vocabulary An organism is a living thing. E.g. a fish Vocabulary A habitat is where an organism lives E.g. a pond Vocabulary A group of the same kind of organisms living
More informationEarth as a System. Chapter 2. Table of Contents. Section 1 Earth: A Unique Planet. Section 2 Energy in the Earth System.
Earth as a System Table of Contents Section 1 Earth: A Unique Planet Section 2 Energy in the Earth System Section 3 Ecology Section 1 Earth: A Unique Planet Objectives Describe the size and shape of Earth.
More informationKeystone Biology Remediation B4: Ecology
Keystone Biology Remediation B4: Ecology Assessment Anchors: to describe the levels of ecological organization (i.e. organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere) (B.4.1.1) to describe
More information1/2/2015. Is the size of a population that can be supported indefinitely by the resources of a given ecosystem
Review Video Is the size of a population that can be supported indefinitely by the resources of a given ecosystem Beyond this carrying capacity, no additional individuals of a population can be supported
More informationCycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P and S
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P and S OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 6 1. Nitrogen cycle Soil nitrogen cycle Nitrification Emissions of N gases from soils
More information7.014 Lecture 20: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 2007
Global Nutrient Cycling - Biogeochemical Cycles 7.14 Lecture 2: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 27 Uptake Bioelements in Solution Weathering Precipitation Terrestrial Biomass Decomposition Volatile Elements
More informationCrosswalk of Georgia Performance Standards & Georgia Standards of Excellence GSE Implementation in Environmental Science
SEV1. Students will investigate the flow of energy and cycling of matter within an ecosystem and relate these phenomena to human society. a. Interpret biogeochemical cycles including hydrologic, nitrogen,
More informationThe Earth s Ecosystems: Biomes, Energy Flow, and Change. I. Biomes and Ecosystems are divisions of the biosphere.
The Earth s Ecosystems: Biomes, Energy Flow, and Change I. Biomes and Ecosystems are divisions of the biosphere. A. Biomes: Biomes are the largest divisions of the biosphere. in other words biomes have
More informationName Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: What Is an Ecosystem? In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 1. ecology 2. habitat 3. community 4. ecosystem
More informationDownloaded from
Class X: Biology Chapter 15: Our environment Chapter Notes Key learning: 1) Our environment is composed of various biotic and abiotic factors which interact with each other. 2) Human activities have a
More informationBiogeochemical Cycles Webquest
Name: Date: Biogeochemical Cycles Webquest In this webquest you will search for information that will answer questions about the water, carbon/oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous cycles using the listed websites.
More informationNitrogen & Bacteria. A biological journey through the environment
Nitrogen & Bacteria A biological journey through the environment Sources of Nitrogen to the Environment Agricultural Natural Industrial Transportation Nitrogen as a pollutant Too much Nitrogen can cause
More informationWhere have we been. Where are we going today? Lecture Outline. Geoengineering. What is a system?
Where have we been 1. Course Introduction 2. What is the environment 3. Examined in some detail weather disasters for 2010 and 2011 4. Touched on Scale 5. Touched on borders. Examples a) Air pollution
More informationWater and Life. How large is the earth? Zircon Crystals. Radius: 3986 mi (4000 mi) Diameter: 7973 mi (8000 mi) Circumference: 25,048 mi (25,000 mi)
Water and Life How large is the earth? Radius: 3986 mi (4000 mi) Diameter: 7973 mi (8000 mi) Circumference: 25,048 mi (25,000 mi) Volume of Water: 400 billion billion gallons 326 million mi 3 Earliest
More informationIB Environmental Systems & Societies
IB Environmental Systems & Societies YEAR 1 Syllabus Content: Topics and Assessment Statements Mr. Rees Topic 7: Environmental Value Systems 7.1.1 State what it is meant by an environmental value system.
More informationEcology the scientific study of interactions between different organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings
Ecology the scientific study of interactions between different organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings Biotic living factors that influence an ecosystem Abiotic non-living
More informationNOTEBOOK. Table of Contents: 9. Properties of Water 9/20/ Water & Carbon Cycles 9/20/16
NOTEBOOK Table of Contents: 9. Properties of Water 9/20/16 10. Water & Carbon Cycles 9/20/16 NOTEBOOK Assignment Page(s): Agenda: Tuesday, September 20, 2016 Properties of Water Water & Carbon Cycles 1.
More informationAn Ecological System? Chapter # 20 Ecosystem Energetics (pg ) In the discipline of ecology, the word
20.1 The Laws of Thermodynamics Govern Energy Flow. 20.3 Temperature, Water, and Nutrients Control Primary Production in Terrestrial Ecosystems. 20.4 Temperature, Light, and Nutrients Control Primary Production
More informationPrinciples of Ecology Ecosystem: Ecosystem Processes-I (Part-1)
Paper No. : 12 Module : 29 Ecosystem: Ecosystem Processes-I (Part-I) Development Team Principal Investigator: Co-Principal Investigator: Paper Coordinator: Content Writer: Content Reviewer: Prof. Neeta
More information12. How could forest fire change populations in the ecosystem? Populations could be destroyed or have to relocate,
Name: Ecology Review Sheet 15-16 Directions: This review should be completed by using your Interactive Notebook (IAN). This review is worth +5 points on your Ecology test, if it is completed and turned
More informationPacket questions # Packet questions # Packet questions # Packet questions # Microscope worksheet 3.
NAME PER ECOLOGY HW PACKET POINTS SCORES Packet questions #1-32 6 Packet questions #33-38 3 Packet questions #39-51 4 Packet questions #52-58 3 Microscope worksheet 3 Ecology Interactions Activity 6 Test
More informationAP Environmental Science
Name AP Environmental Science DISSOLVED OXYGEN & AQUATIC PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY (LabBench) Web address: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench Click on Lab 12: Dissolved Oxygen & Aquatic
More informationMaterial Cycles in Ecosystems. Total Recall: What happens to energy with increasing levels of a food chain?
Material Cycles in Ecosystems Total Recall: What happens to energy with increasing levels of a food chain? Available energy decreases with increasing levels of a food chain. *What must occur for there
More informationEcosystem Ecology. Community (biotic factors) interacts with abiotic factors
Ecosystem Ecology Community (biotic factors) interacts with abiotic factors Objectives Compare the processes of energy flow and chemical cycling as they relate to ecosystem dynamics. Define and list examples
More informationInteractions Within Ecosystems. Date: P. in ILL
Interactions Within Ecosystems Date: P. in ILL Ecology the scientific study of interactions between different organisms their environment An ecologist would study organisms that live in an ecosystem. Ecosystems
More informationUnit 6: Ecosystems Module 15: Ecological Principles
Unit 6: Ecosystems Module 15: Ecological Principles NC Essential Standard: 2.1 Analyze the interdependence of living organisms within their environments Did you know The water you poop in today is the
More informationLakes: Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling. Lecture Outline
OCN 401-Biogeochemical Systems (10.06.16) Lakes: Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 8 Lecture Outline 1. Seasonal cycle of lake stratification Temperature / density relationship
More informationGo to and answer these questions: 1. Draw the carbon cycle:
Name Date Hour Cycling WebQuest: Directions: Visit the following websites and answer the related questions. Your goal is to gain a better understanding of the carbon, nitrogen and water cycle and to understand
More informationSection 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives Life Depends on the Sun From Producers to Consumers An Exception: Deep-Ocean Ecosystems What Eats What Cellular Respiration: Burning
More informationEcology: The Flow of Matter and Energy In An Ecosystem. - the scientific of between and their, focusing on transfer
Ecology: The Flow of Matter and Energy In An Ecosystem PS 12: Matter cycles and energy flows through living and nonliving components in ecosystems. The transfer of matter and energy is important for maintaining
More informationWHY DO WE NEED NITROGEN?? Nitrogen is needed to make up DNA and protein!
Nitrogen Cycle 2.2 WHY DO WE NEED NITROGEN?? Nitrogen is needed to make up DNA and protein! In animals, proteins are vital for muscle function. In plants, nitrogen is important for growth. NITROGEN Nitrogen
More information2018 ECOLOGY YEAR 2 (2018) PART ONE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
2018 ECOLOGY YEAR 2 (2018) PART ONE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY KAREN L. LANCOUR National Rules Committee Chairman Life Science DISCLAIMER - This presentation was prepared using draft rules. There may
More informationKey Terms acids chemical energy food chain omnivore *aerobic respiration
CHAPTER 3 MATTER, ENERGY, AND LIFE Chapter Overview Knowledge of basic chemistry is necessary to understand chemical processes that occur in the environment. ph and its application to terrestrial and aquatic
More informationThe Ca r bon Cycle Ga me
The Ca r bon Cycle Ga me Time Required: 30 minutes Materials/Space Required: Carbon Cycle Reservoir Cards (7) Dice (6) Traveling Carbon Passport Sheets (1 per student) Felt markers or pencil crayons for
More informationSample file. Author: Tina Griep. Understanding Science Series Ecosystems and Biomes Part 1
Author: Tina Griep Understanding Science Series Ecosystems and Biomes Part 1 Copyright 2009 New Learning Publishing All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act, no portion
More informationIntegrative/systems Biology
56 & 57 Topics Ecology as a Systems Biology Connection to Medicine Ecology definitions Population Ecology Community Ecology Ecosystem and Biosphere Ecology Ecology vs. Economic Sense Integrative/systems
More informationTransport & Transformation of chemicals in an ecosystem, involving numerous interrelated physical, chemical, & biological processes
OPEN Wetland Ecology Lectures 14-15-16 Wetland Biogeochemistry What is biogeochemical cycling? Transport & Transformation of chemicals in an ecosystem, involving numerous interrelated physical, chemical,
More informationMaster 5.1, Newspaper Articles. Special Edition December 14. Special Edition March 17
Master 5.1, Newspaper Articles THE DAILY HERALD Special Edition December 14 Study Forecasts Future Food Shortage A new study published in the Journal of World Agriculture raises concerns that in the future
More informationEngineering Aquatic Ecosystems
Grade: 9-12 Version 2 Sept. 2017 Engineering Aquatic Ecosystems Design and develop a self-sustaining ecosystem that can support at least five complimentary organisms in a closed-loop system www.seiinc.org
More informationAP Lab 12--DISSOLVED OXYGEN & AQUATIC PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY (LabBench)
Name AP Biology AP Lab 12--DISSOLVED OXYGEN & AQUATIC PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY (LabBench) Web address: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench Click on Lab 12: Dissolved Oxygen & Aquatic Primary
More information1. The diagram below represents many species of plants and animals and their surroundings.
1. The diagram below represents many species of plants and animals and their surroundings. 4. Which statement most accurately predicts what would happen in the aquarium shown below if it were tightly covered
More informationWater cycles through ecosystems.
Water cycles through ecosystems. Water is stored on Earth s surface in lakes, rivers, and oceans. Water is found underground, filling the spaces between soil particles and cracks in rocks. Large amounts
More informationAP and IB Biology Ecology Summer Work Albert Einstein High School
AP and IB Biology Ecology Summer Work Albert Einstein High School 2010-2011 Dr. Judy Small judy_a_small@mcpsmd.org AP and IB Biology 2010-2011 Dr. Small Dear AP or IB Biology Student: Attached is your
More informationThe Law of Conservation of Matter. Matter cannot be created nor destroyed Matter only changes form There is no away
Review Items Ecosystem Structure The Law of Conservation of Matter Matter cannot be created nor destroyed Matter only changes form There is no away Laws Governing Energy Changes First Law of Thermodynamics
More informationUnsaved Test, Version: 1 1
Name: Key Concepts Select the term that best completes the statement. A. abiotic B. light C. biotic D. organisms E. ecology F. soil G. ecosystem H. temperature I. factors J. water Date: 1. A(n) is made
More informationClimate: describes the average condition, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods in a given area
Ch. 6 - Biomes Section 6.1: Defining Biomes Biome: a group of ecosystems that share similar biotic and abiotic conditions, large region characterized by a specific type of climate, plants, and animals
More informationEnvironmental Science Ecology
Sub-Categy Ce Aug. - Sept. Introduction to Environmental Science E2.1A Explain why earth is a closed system in terms of matter. 1) Students will be able to describe how earth's unique conditions suppt
More information*A table of standard reduction potentials may be found on the last page of the exam.
Name: Page 1 Ecology 1.018J/7.30 Quiz 1 October 2, 2008 Please put your name on every page! Space is provided for your answers; if you need more room, use the back of the *same* page. This exam is worth
More informationBIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment.
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment. BIOCHEMIST: Scientists who study how LIFE WORKS at a CHEMICAL level. The work of biochemists has
More informationSlide 1 / All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as a. Population Community Biome Biosphere
Slide 1 / 40 1 ll of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as a Population ommunity iome iosphere Slide 2 / 40 2 ll the plants, animals, fungi living in a pond make up a
More information