Community-based Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Options in Coastal Villages: Bagamoyo District, Tanzania.

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1 Community-based Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Options in Coastal Villages: Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. Mahenge, J., Mkama, W., Daffa, J., Meena, H., Lugenja, M., Tobey, J., Torrel, E. & Robadue, D. TANZANIA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PARTNERSHIP (TCMP)

2 INTRODUCTION Tanzania coastline f 1,424 kilometers Bagamoyo Has 12 coastal districts Climate change effects of are evident

3 Climate Change: National Initiatives The NAPA calls for actions.

4 TCMP PWANI PROJECT Conservation of Coastal Eco-Systems in Tanzania A partnership of USAID, URI/CRC, NEMC Duration: 4 Years ( ) Pwani Project Target Areas include: Pangani District Bagamoyo District SANAPA (Saadani National Park) Menai Bay Conservation Area (Zanzibar)

5 TCMP-PWANI PROJECT AREAS Bagamoyo & Pangani districts Menai Bay Conservation Area, Zanzibar

6 Pwani Project Objectives related to community resilience 1. Increasingly resilient communities are enabled to adapt to climate change impacts 2. Communities benefiting economically from NRM-based businesses through increased income, access to credit, new markets, and enhanced goods and services 3. HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation activities improve life for those living with HIV/AIDS and lead to quality behavior change among fishing communities.

7 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ADAPTATION PLANNING IN BAGAMOYO DISTRICT Objectives To assess the vulnerability of village assets incorporating local knowledge on climate change To support communities generate locally owned adaptation strategies Test methods applicable to other coastal places.

8 TWO SELECTED SITES Mlingotini Village Old traditional Swahili village established in the 9 th Century Population: 2,164 people A sea front coastal village.

9 KITONGA VILLAGE Formerly a subvillage of Kidogozero since 1970 Has about 300 households Situated along Ruvu river flood plain.

10 Some key climate change impacts in Tanzania Coastline Sea level rise Groundwater salinization Variable precipitation leading to both flooding and drought Changes in seasonality and river flow Coral reef bleaching Sea water temperature increase

11 Key non-climate stressors Overfishing Inappropriate coastal structures and erosion control practices Water withdrawals from rivers

12 Basic approach to vulnerability assessment (Method) Participatory techniques used throughout Identify exposure of economic and environmental assets to climate impacts Determine sensitivity to climate stressors Assess local adaptive capacity Determine vulnerability Develop and try out adaptation measures with active local involvement

13 Showing reality Participatory discussion

14 Findings from Mlingotini Village Fish catch decline affecting economic status Salt water intrusion in traditionally used fresh wells Inundation of some fresh wells close the beach Disappearing of some crops e.g. banana formerly flourished. Reduction in commercial seaweed productivity probably due to sea water temperature/salinity changes. 14

15 Mlingotini Village Beach erosion reaching coconut farms A fresh water well used since 1950 s

16 Findings from Kitonga Village Severe similar floods events (1996 and 2006) destroyed all crops Drought experience ( ; and ) Extreme harvest losses resulting in widespread famine Fishing is slightly done in ponds. 16

17 Kitonga Village The use of illegal fishing nets Flooding control effort 17

18 GOOD PRACTICES TO CONSIDER IN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT Community Climate Change Committee (4C) formed Options must be financially realistic Undertaken without major external funding Action plans addressing local vulnerability and exposure to impacts Carry out no-regrets actions that are worthwhile, regardless of climate change. Incorporating experience in a toolkit in order to transfer experience and methods to other places. 18

19 NEXT STEPS District support on community adaptation plans Implement early adaptation actions Need to undertake detailed study of underground hydrology for coastal villages Address non-climate impacts generated at the next scale above the village level Ruvu River flow characteristic need to be studied Special Area Management Planning for critical areas 19

20 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS USAID/Tanzania financial support URI/CRC and NEMC for technical advise All conference organizers and sponsors who enable this important event to become reality 20