Principles of Green Architecture

Transcription

1 Principles of Green Architecture Administration of Building and installation By Dr. Arash Ghandchi December 12-13,

2 Sustainable Architecture Sustainable Architecture is Architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space and the ecosystem at large. 2

3 Green Building Green Building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. 3

4 Green Architecture and Green Design It may have many of these characteristics: Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling Alternate power sources such as solar power or wind power Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy Energy-efficient lighting and appliances Water-saving plumbing fixtures Minimal harm to the natural habitat Non-synthetic, non-toxic materials Locally-obtained woods and stone Responsibly-harvested woods Adaptive reuse of older buildings Use of recycled architectural salvage Efficient use of space 4

5 Sustainable Systems Used in Iranian Traditional Architecture Region One: Dry and Hot Region, Central Parts of Iranian Plateau The Wind Tower in Dry and Hot Region Directs Wind Inside the Building to Make it Cool Hozkhaneh or Tabestanneshin with a Pond Inside 5

6 Sustainable Systems Used in Iranian Traditional Architecture Region Two: Cold and Snowy Region, North and West of Iran A Yakhchal with its Arched Dome to Keep Inside Cooler 6

7 Sustainable Systems Used in Iranian Traditional Architecture Region Three: Hot and Humid Region, Northern Shores of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman A Form of Ivaan in Front of the Main Body of Building to Cause Shadow and Coolness A Kapar (Reed Hut) in Hot and Humid Region 7

8 Region Four : Humid and Rainy Region, Southern Shores of the Caspian Sea A House in Humid and Rainy Region with the Special form of its Roof to Control the Water of Rain 8

9 The Principles of Green Building Design 9

10 Water Systems The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing or by using water for washing. 10

11 Natural Building A natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. Common Material : -Clay -Sand -Rammed Earth -Wood -Straw -Bamboo -Stone 11

12 Passive Solar Design In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. 12

13 Passive solar design uses that to capture the sun s energy: Thermal Insulation and thermal storage of the exterior walls Thermal insulation and thermal storage of roof Design of Building plan and section Shape and form of buildings Orientation of the facades Solar passive features 13

14 Green Building Elements 1) Green Roof 2) Green Wall 14

15 1) Green Roof and its Components A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. 15

16 2) Green Wall and its Components A green wall is a wall partially or completely covered with greenery that includes a growing medium, such as soil or a substrate. Most green walls also feature an integrated water delivery system. It provides insulation to keep the building's inside temperature consistent. 16

17 Benefits of Green Building 17

18 CASE study The study area has a typical Mediterranean climate. It is characterized by a long fairly warm season and a short slightly rainy temperature winter. Precipitation falls mainly during the colder season from autumn to spring. 18

19 Designed Plan in This Case Study 19

20 Used elements for designing this building Courtyard design: It spaces for relaxation and interaction of occupants keeping their activities away from neighbors. It achieves enough daylight penetration, reduces solar heat and promotes cooling breezes while keeping out hot and dusty wind. 20

21 Sun angles and Shadings: The design doesn t oversize the amount of south-facing windows as oversizing can lead to overheating. Horizontal exterior overhangs are used on the south side of the building to block direct summer sun. Ideal proportions for an overhang are calculated by Latitude. The overhang is large enough to block summer sun, but doesn t block sun in winter. 21

22 Sun Angles and Shadings 22

23 Thermal Mass: The walls of the house are thick and massive. The high-mass walls are cooled from the cool night time temperatures. In turn, the walls then cool the occupants during the day by accepting the heat radiating from their bodies. 23

24 Construction Materials: Walls: Solid (24 cm) Masonry wall which could be double wall for maximizing thermal mass. Roof Construction: Flat light weight concrete (20 cm) and plaster (1 cm). Floor: Slab on Grade covered by carpet or casework. 24

25 Rainwater harvesting: The roof of the building consists of gutters or pipes that deliver rainwater falling on the rooftop to the storage tank. Harvested water can be used for toilet flushing and garden irrigation. 25

26 Aquifer Water Well pumps are built to be used for extracting water from an underground source. 26

27 Energy Systems: Biogas Plant production: Biogas is one of many renewable energy systems that provide greater independence at very low cost. Produced gas from anaerobic digestion of organic material will usually be piped from the top of the tank to a biogas cooking stove and/or biogas lights. 27

28 Photovoltaic panels: They are installed on south-facing roof which is inclined with an angle to maximize the amount of electricity produced. Solar Domestic Hot Water: Solar hot water systems are used to collect energy from the sun in panels or tubes to produce domestic hot water used in the house. 28

29 Photovoltaic Panels Solar Domestic Hot Water 29

30 Cross Section of the Suggested Prototype 30

31 3D Model of the Suggested Prototype 31

32 Some of The World s Top Green Buildings Copenhagen, Denmark 32

33 Some of The World s Top Green Buildings Sun-Moon Mansion China 33

34 Some of The World s Top Green Buildings Reichstag Building Germany 34

35 35

36 The End 36