NEW ERA OF A HYDROGEN ENERGY SOCIETY

Transcription

1 METI NEW ERA OF A HYDROGEN ENERGY SOCIETY October 19, 2015 Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Department Director, and Fuel Cell Promotion Office Chihiro Tobe

2 Dissemination of the Use of Energy Past Industrial gases and special purposes Industrial gases Rocket fuel Present Full fledged use as energy Home fuel cells (ENE-FARM) On market in 2009 Fuel cell vehicles (FCV) On market in 2014 FC: fuel cell Future FC forklifts FC buses power generation/industrial FCs Diverse purposes jet planes FC scooters Portable FCs FC rail cars 1

3 Significance of Realizing a Energy Society 1. Energy Saving Use of fuel cells enables high energy efficiency. 2. Energy Security can be produced from various primary energy sources, including unutilized energy sources such as by-product hydrogen, flaring gas, and brown coal; and renewable energy sources. Procuring these energy sources from areas of relatively low geopolitical risk leads to enhancing energy security, and using renewable energy promotes energy self-sufficiency. 3. Environmental Load Reduction does not emit CO 2 when consumed. Applying Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology to hydrogen production or using renewable energy enables a completely CO 2 -free system. 4. Industrial Promotion Japan is ranked first in patent applications regarding fuel cells and is strong in this field. 2

4 Formulating a Road Map towards a Society Conceptual Chart of a Supply Chain Production Storage and Transportation Consumption refueling station Oil field/flaring gas, etc. Pipelines High-pressure hydrogen gas Fuel cell vehicles Brown coal, etc. Distributed power supply Electric power from renewable energy Liquid hydrogen Organic hydride power generation 3

5 / FC Strategy Roadmap 3 Phase towards a Society Phase 1: Expand utilization of fuel cell (Present - ) Phase 2: Establish hydrogen supply chain with unused energy from overseas (second half of 2020 s - ) Phase 3: Establish CO2-free hydrogen supply chain ( ) Step by Step approach to realize Society 2020 Tokyo Olympic /Paralympics Phase:1 Phase:2 Phase:3 Installation Fuel Cell 2009: Micro CHP FC 2015: FCV 2017: Large CHP FC around 2020: FCV fuel cost HEV fuel cost around 2025: FCV cost competitive HEV FCV: Fuel Cell Vehicle HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle H2 Power Plant/ Mass Supply Chain Accelerate RD&D Realize reasonable H2 Price 2 nd half of 2020 s: H2 Cost (CIF) : JPY30/Nm 3 Enhance Supply Chain in Japan around 2030: Import H2 from overseas Full Scale H2 Power Plant CO2 free around 2040: Full Scale CO2 free H2 (w/ Renewable Energy, CCS, etc) 4

6 Spread and Expansion of Stationary Fuel Cells (Ene-Farm) [Dissemination Scenario of Stationary Fuel Cells] [Efforts for Spread and Expansion] 160, , , grand total ,455 Scale:unit 141, (1) Creation of Initial Demand Part of the introduction expense is supported to create a market during the initial introduction stage. (2) Market Expansion 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, ,550 price 9,998 19, , , fy 2010fy 2011fy 2012fy 2013fy 2014fy as of September, Development of a small-size Ene-Farm for apartment houses.( Market introduction in April, 2014) Promoting overseas sales mainly in Europe. ( Market introduction in April 2014) A Home Fuel Cell Sold in Europe (3) Reduction of the Cost of Fuel Cells Development of the technology to reduce the amount of platinum used for electrode catalysts 5

7 Spread and expansion of Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) (1) Support for the Introduction of FCVs From the viewpoint of creating initial demand, supporting the introduction to strengthen the mass production of fuel cell vehicles (2) Technology Development for Fuel Cells, etc. To reduce cost and enhance the durability of fuel cell vehicles, promoting the development of the basic technology of fuel cells and technology development of hydrogen tanks (3) System Establishment for Overseas Sales Developing harmonization between globally unified standards and domestic laws/regulations, and mutual approval Dissemination of FCVs + Installation of Refueling Stations Both efforts should be conducted in parallel. <Mainly in the four metropolitan areas> 81 Locations in Japan (Open: 27 Locations) OCT 8, 2015 (1) Support for the Installation of Refueling Stations In advance of the refueling market with the introduction of FCVs, supporting part of the expenses for the installation of hydrogen refueling stations (2) Development of Low-Cost Refueling Stations Technology development to reduce the cost of equipment such as compressors and pressure accumulators Use of mobile stations (3) Deregulation For regulations such as the High Pressure Gas Safety Law, reviewing the design standard on pressure vessels and regulations on permssible steel materials with reference to the regulations in the U.S. and Europe 6

8 Recent Trend of FCVs & Refueling Stations TOYOTA Released a fuel cell vehicle MIRAI in Dec Announced making the patent license (approx. 5,680 items) for fuel cell vehicles free of charge. HONDA Announced a concept fuel cell vehicle. Announced domestic release within FY TOYOTA/ HONDA/ NISSAN Agreed on details of joint support for hydrogen infrastructure development (conducted alongside Japanese GOV) in July 2015 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Established ENEOS Supply and Services Co. for operation of the hydrogen refueling station business Opened 12 hydrogen refueling stations Nippon Mobile Station Service Engages in operating mobile stations Opened 4 hydrogen refueling stations Iwatani Opened Japan's first commercial hydrogen refueling station in Hyogo. Announced the deployment of hydrogen refueling stations that operate alongside existing convenience stores. Opened 6 hydrogen refueling stations Tokyo Gas Operating a hydrogen station using natural gas pipelines. Opened 1 hydrogen refueling station FC Bus Hino Motors and Toyota developing a bus equipped with the fuel cell system of MIRAI Started demonstration tests through commercial operation in Toyota city in January, 2015 FC Forklift In development by Toyota Industries Co. Under a demonstration of practical models utilizing the fuel cell of MIRAI (TOYOTA) at Kansai International Airport from

9 Typical Results of Deregulation of Refueling Stations 1. Allowing installation alongside a gas station or a natural gas station installed alongside existing gas stations / CNG stations 2. Reducing the weight of hydrogen filling nozzles 3. Changing the material of the pressure accumulator installed in a hydrogen refueling station from steel to a composite material Cutting the weight by half Safety Coefficient: 2.4 times Weight: 2.8 kg (Made in Germany) Safety Coefficient: 3 times Weight: 1.9 kg (Made in Japan) Cost- Cutting Safety Coefficient: 4 times; Weight: 4.7 kg (Made in Japan) 8

10 Establishment of an Inexpensive, Stable Supply System Production of hydrogen: Conversion into hydrogen carriers Transportation of hydrogen carriers Storage of hydrogen carriers Extraction of hydrogen sources in foreign countries Organic hydride is combined with toluene into methylcyclohexane. in this state can be compressed to a volume equal to 1/500 of the volume under normal pressure. Lignite Associated gas Production of hydrogen: Gasification, reforming of steam, etc. Byproduct hydrogen Refinement of hydrogen Liquefied hydrogen Technology has been established. Transportation under normal temperature and normal pressure Use of chemical tankers Technology has been established. Storage under normal temperature and under normal pressure Use of petroleum tanks, etc. It is necessary to adopt large scale dehydrogenation equipment and to achieve high efficiency in dehydrogenation. is liquefied by being cooled to 253 C. in this state can be compressed to a volume equal to 1/800 of the volume under norm pressure. Use of hydrogen: power generation, fuel cells, Industrial gas, etc. Conversion into hydrogen carriers Combined with toluene Liquefaction MCH Liquefied hydrogen CH3 It is necessary to develop hydrogen ships. It is necessary to adopt large scale hydrogen tanks and to reduce boiloff. Technology has been established. 9

11 Production Method At present, these substances are already being put to practical use. On a midterm basis, unused energy is utilized. On a long-term basis, renewable energy is utilized. Fossil fuels (Petroleum, natural gas, etc.) Byproduct hydrogen (Iron-making, chemistry, etc.) Unused energy Renewable energy (Wind power, solar power, etc.) is produced by is enerated as a reacting fossil fuel with water byproduct during the vapor at high temperature. manufacture of sodium hydroxide or similar. rich byproduct gas is generated during coke refining, a steel manufacturing process. is produced from unused energy such as lowgrade coals like lignite, crude petroleum, and associated gas in gas fields (in the future, technology for reducing CO 2 emissions, such as CCS, will be utilized). Unused byproduct hydrogen will be utilized. is produced in such a way that electricity generated by renewable energy is passed into water (electrolysis of water). 10

12 素ステーションにおける安全 安 事業 経 Trade 済 and 産 Industry 業省資源エネルギー庁 水素利用技術研究開発事業において 一般ユーザーに安定したサービスの提供を可能とするために 運用技術の開発を実施している 主な事業内容は セーフティーデータベースの作成 展開及び人材教育 育成手法の開発等 セーフティデータベースの作成 展開 実証 商用ステーションで発生した事故 トラブルデータを収集 分析した上で 各ステーションにフィードバックすることにより 再発防止につながり より安全 安心を重視した運営が可能となる 人材教育 育成手法の開発 水素ステーションにて 模擬訓練を実施し その結果を活用し 従業員教育マニュアル等を策定予定 水素充填訓練 FCV の構造説明 防災訓練 出展 水素供給 利用技術研究組合 11

13 Budget Request for and FCs in FY 2016 Phase 1 Installation Fuel Cells Support the building of HRSs. Partially subsidize activities for creating new demand, etc. Phase 2 H2 Power Plant/ Mass Supply Chain Phase 3 CO2 free Focus on implementation from the present Realization in the late 2020s Realization in 2040s Dissemination of stationary FCs Subsidies for Micro CHP FCs [US$ 142 million/ JPY17 billion] Promote the accelerated introduction of ENE FARMs. Promote lower cost through mass production. R&D of FC, etc. R&D of FCs [US$ 36 million/ JPY 4.35 billion] Conduct R&D to enhance performance and lower costs of FCs, and demonstrate commercial applications of FCs. Exchange rate: US$ 1=JPY 120 Large CHP FCs Dissemination of FCVs Subsidies for HRSs [US$ 52 million/ JPY 6.2 billion] Support for FCVs [Included in US$ 125 million /JPY 15 billion] R&D of HRSs [US$ 38 million/ JPY 4.5 billion] Develop technologies to lower costs of HRSs, enhance safety and security and collect data so as to review regulations. *HRS: Refueling Station Building a H2 supply chain Demonstrate how hydrogen can be produced from untapped overseas energy resources (by product hydrogen, brown coal, etc.), transported in the form of liquefied hydrogen or organic hydride, and used to generate power. Construction of a H2 energy network Construction of a H2 energy network [Included in US$ 67 million/ JPY 8 billion] Build a network that effectively connects multiple hydrogen applications in the region. Demonstrations for a H2 supply chain [US$ 28 million/ JPY 3.35 billion] R&D of H2 production, transport and storage R&D for producing, transporting and storing H2 derived from renewable energy [US$ 14 million/ JPY 1.7 billion] Develop technologies of high efficiency water electrolysis units, tanks for storing liquefied hydrogen, etc. with the use of renewable energy sources in mind. 12

14 Thank you very much for your kind attention. 水素エネルギーナビ navi.jp/ 13