The Electric Power System

Transcription

1 Country s flag The Electric Power System - Spain - Spanish Power System 1

2 Basic facts Area: km 2 Population: (2015) Number of TSOs: 1 Number of DSOs: 336 (source: MINETUR) 28 Mio. consumers (source: CNMC) Peak load: approx. 41 GW (2015) ; 46 GW (2007) (source: REE) Average interruption of electricity: 5,3 min (2014) (source: REE) Spanish Power System 2

3 Spain in the European meshed grid Interconnectors with: France Portugal Morocco Andorra Source : ENTSO-E Spanish Power System 3

4 Grid facts and characteristics Mainly 400 and 220 kv assets. Highly meshed transmission grid. High Psc. Limited exchange capability with other systems. Diversification of power generation technologies. Important contribution of renewable technologies. Up to Up to Values in MW. Spanish Power System 4

5 Structure of electrical power system Generators International Exchanges REE Ancilliary services bids Transmission network REE System Operator REE TSO (foreign) Outages Market Operator OMIE Demand bids Demand offers Distribution companies Suppliers Last resort suppliers Demand bids R ed de dis tribuc ión < 132 kv Consumers with/without last resort tariff Qualified consumers Daily and Intradaily Market S ubes tación de dis tribución Ancillary Services Communication Energy flows Source : REE Spanish Power System 5

6 DSO-Grid TSO-Grid 400 kv Structure of electrical power supply. Interface T-D [MVA transformation] TSO Bulk-Industry & Singular Consumers (High-Speed Train) kv Conventional and Renewable Generation 220 kv 132 kv 20/10 kv Dispersed Generation Comercial Companies Households V Industry Spanish Power System 6 6

7 Map of the high voltage grid Source : REE Spanish Power System 7

8 Information on TSO Name: REE Network length (km) : Served area (km²) : Annual energy consumption (TWh) : 243,5 Website: (source: REE) Spanish Power System 8

9 Information on TSO km of 400 kv circuit Red Eléctrica 9,860 18,792 19,671 20,109 20,639 21,094 Other companies Total 10,759 18,792 19,671 20,109 20,639 21,094 km of < 220 kv circuit Red Eléctrica 4,069 17,291 17,891 18,260 18,558 18,702 Total km of the transmission grid Other companies 10, Total 14,327 17,401 18,001 18,370 18,667 18,811 Red Eléctrica 13,929 36,084 37,563 38,369 39,197 39,795 Other companies 11, Total 25,086 36,193 37,672 38,478 39,306 39,905 Busbars Red Eléctrica 373 3,762 3,961 4,150 4,295 4,360 Transformer capacity (MVA) Other companies 1, Total 1,472 3,875 4,074 4,263 4,408 4,473 Red Eléctrica 2,311 66,596 68,996 74,596 76,871 79,871 Other companies 26, Total 28,927 66,596 68,996 74,596 76,871 79,871 Source : REE Spanish Power System 9

10 Cooperation of TSO and DSOs Active power Set points Measurements TSO Network management RESCC 1 RESCC n TSO Generation management Limits Limits Real time measurements Measurements DSOs TSOs and DSOs calculate limits that apply to generators that contribute to a constraint. With this limits and the units involved, the TSO calculates the individual set-points according to regulation. Spanish Power System 10

11 Cooperation of TSO and DSOs Power factor regulation TSO Network management Power factor set points Transmission RESCC 1 TSO Generation management Set points RESCC n DSOs Power factor set points Distribution Scheme similar to active power. TSO Settlement Settlement Spanish Power System 11

12 Installed capacity with reference to primary resources (2014) Solar photovoltaic 4,3% Wind 22,3% Cogeneration and other nonrenewable 7,0% Solar thermoelectric Renewable 2,2% Combined cycle 24,8% thermal 1,0% Hydroelectric (1) 19,5% Nuclear 7,7% Coal 10,7% Fuel + gas 0,5% Technology MW % Hydroelectric (1) 19, Nuclear 7, Coal 10, Fuel + gas Combined cycle 25, Wind 22, Solar photovoltaic 4, Solar thermoelectric 2, Renewable thermal 1, Cogeneration and other non-renewable Total 102,262 7, Source : REE Spanish Power System 12

13 Energy production with reference to primary ressources (2014) Wind 20,3% Cogeneration and other nonrenewable 10,2% Solar thermoelectric 2,0% Renewable Solar photovoltaic 3,1% Combined cycle 8,5% thermal 1,9% Coal 16,5% Hydroelectric (1) 15,5% Nuclear 22,0% Technology GWh % Hydroelectric (1) 38, Nuclear 54, Coal 41, Combined cycle 21, Cogeneration and other non-renewable 25, Wind 50, Solar photovoltaic 7, Solar thermoelectric 4, Renewable thermal 4, Total 249,880 Source : REE Spanish Power System 13

14 Development of generation capacity since Hydroelectric (1) Coal Cogeneration and other non-renewable Fuel+gas Solar thermoelectric Nuclear Combined cycle Wind Solar photovoltaic Renewable thermal Source : REE Spanish Power System 14

15 Location of renewable energy sources Wind Photovoltaic Thermoelectric Spanish Power System 15

16 Development of wind power MW Spanish Power System 16

17 Development of photovoltaic power MW Spanish Power System 17

18 Development of thermoelectric power MW Spanish Power System 18

19 Development of mini-hydro power Spanish Power System 19

20 Power balance in 2014 Generation (TWh): Consumption (TWh): International Imports (TWh): 3.6 International Exports (TWh): 7.0 Generation TWh Comsumption TWh Spanish Power System 20

21 Market coupling Day-ahead market: MIBEL P No congestion Spain-Portugal Uv E+P P m Uc E+P E b E Spanish Power System 21

22 Market splitting Day-ahead market: MIBEL Market Splitting: Congestion (i.e. Spain Portugal) P P P mp Uv P NTC P mp* Uv E NTC P me* P me Uc P Uc E E cp E E ce E Spanish Power System 22