INVEST SMART. TRADE WISE. THINK GREEN.

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1 INVEST SMART. TRADE WISE. THINK GREEN.

2 What is a carbon credit? A carbon credit is the financial term used for the reduction of one metric tonne of CO2 emissions. Background The burning of fossil fuels is a major source of industrial greenhouse gas emissions, especially producers of power, cement, steel, textile, fertilizer and many other industries which rely on fossil fuels (coal, electricity derived from coal, natural gas and oil). The major greenhouse gases emitted by these industries are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and hydrofluorocarbons all of which increase the atmosphere s ability to trap infrared energy and thus affect the climate. The concept of carbon credits came into existence as a result of an increasing awareness of the need for controlling emissions. Scientists believe that reducing carbon and greenhouse gas emissions is essential if we are to minimise our impact on the environment. The VER & CER Markets There are two primary types of markets on which these Carbon Credits are traded. The CER (compliance market) and the VER (voluntary market). CER stands for Certified Emission Reductions. CER s are generated according to the standards and requirements of the Kyoto Protocol. Governments, large companies, and others entities have to buy carbon offsets in order to comply with post-kyoto regulations on the total amount of carbon dioxide they are allowed to emit. For the compliance market, Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) are a type of carbon credit issued to acknowledge independently verified emission reductions achieved by an environmental project. This highly regulated market makes it attractive to investors; however the average size trade in this market is in excess of 5-10 million dollars. This makes the CER market inaccessible to anyone but institutions and blue chips which ultimately results in a slow moving market. VER stands for Voluntary Emissions Reductions or Verified Emissions Reductions. Governments, non-regulated companies and individuals all choose to purchase carbon offsets to mitigate their own greenhouse gas emissions be they from transport, power consumption or some other function. They are not legally obliged to do so. The voluntary market is at present smaller and less liquid than the compliance market but is more easily accessible to investors. The wider scope of the voluntary market, and growth led by the private sector, not public policy, means that it has a strong potential to outstrip the mature market size of the compliance regime. The levels of entry are much lower which enable the smaller investor to make an investment in the carbon market. The VER market is outside of the bureaucracy of the EU and driven purely by the laws of supply and demand. Because of this it is expected that the returns in this market will be far greater than the CER market. Why should I buy Voluntary Credits? The creation of the carbon market has been one of the most important events in the investment world in the last decade. Global financial institutions such as banks and hedge funds are heading into this young market in order to gain a foothold. Due to the increasing requirement that firms purchase carbon credits to offset their carbon emissions, the market has grown from $5 billion in 2005 to over $140 billion in Source: World Bank Even though the carbon market has risen hugely over the last five years, the market is expected to grow even more dramatically over the next decade. Barclays Capital has announced they expect the market to reach more than $3 trillion by Barclays Capital predicts potential returns of 42% by This increase in the market will be due to growing demand for carbon credits in America s nascent carbon trading market. As China and India launch their own carbon markets, the market will grow further. Major investment banks such as JP Morgan and Goldman Sachs predict this will occur within the next three years. As long as countries and international organisations continue to legislate to reduce their carbon emissions, it is expected that more countries will start to launch their own carbon markets. This can only have a positive impact on the Verified Emissions Reductions market. Green Investment Services deals in the delivery of carbon credits only operating in the VER market. These carbon credits are independently verified by some of the largest independent auditing companies worldwide who quantify, approve and certify that each carbon credit is genuine, by looking at whether it reduces its carbon emissions and its environmental impact. What drives demand for VERs? Demand for VERs started gradually, but since the beginning of last year there appears to have been a major growth in this market, facilitated greatly by the development of credible intermediaries such as the Bank of New York, which created a registry for VERs in June 2006, as well as the widespread acceptance of the minimum quality standard embodied by the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS). 1

3 Investment Model - How it Works How does the investment work? n Purchasing credits from Green Investment Services ensures that you are receiving premium carbon credits which represent real emissions reductions. n Green Investment Services has managed to keep credit prices extremely competitive. n By selling these on to companies and individuals, investors are able to profit from the growing demand for carbon credits. Who s buying them? Green Investment Services works with a wide range of companies and their partners, big and small, to help offset their emissions. The list of companies using carbon credits to comply with environmental objectives is constantly growing; see examples below, providing a strong credit trading market. 2

4 Projected growth of 5,000 The graph shows the expected growth of a 5000 euro investment into the voluntary carbon market over five years, at a modest 15% annual growth and 20% annual growth. Why choose Green Investment services? n Low entry levels from only 3,000 euros n Highly skilled compliance team of carbon specialists will locate premium carbon credits in the most desirable sectors at competitive prices allowing area for growth. n No fees charged until exit. n All Projects independently verified by some of the largest independent auditing companies worldwide who quantify, approve and certify the Carbon credit is genuinely an environmental benefit. n All credits are of voluntary carbon standard (VCS). n Potential returns of up to 42% by 2012 as predicted by Barclay s PLC. n Ethical investment, environmentally friendly n Helping to reduce climate change n Green Investment services will provide you with regular news, updates and new projects in this fast moving market. Green Investment Services are not regulated or authorized to give tax or investment advice and you should seek independent financial and or tax advice before making any investment decisions. Please be aware that the value of your investment may go up as well as down. Any forecasted returns on investment are purely indicative and in no way constitute guaranteed returns. 3

5 Projects The following project types generate carbon credits: Renewable energy sources By creating a renewable energy source, such as a wind farm or hydro-electricity plant, significant reductions in GHG emissions are generated, creating carbon credits. This is a popular type of credit for companies to purchase. This type of project has the added benefit of providing power as well as reducing emissions. Manufacturing and Chemical Industries These projects involve changing manufacturing processes to make them more environmentally-friendly. Industrial process changes can make significant reductions in carbon emissions. Agriculture By changing agricultural process techniques to methods which are more environmentally friendly, significant reductions in carbon emission can be achieved. Mining and Metal production These types of projects involve changing production processes to make them more environmentally-friendly. Industrial process changes can make significant reductions in carbon emissions. Transport This refers to the process of switching transportation options to less carbon intensive means or introducing new technologies to improve vehicle fuel efficiency. Afforestation & Reforestation Forests are one of the most useful ways of reducing carbon as they naturally absorb GHGs. Afforestation refers to the process of establishing a forest on land that has never been a forest, or has not been one for a considerable period of time. Reforestation refers to restocking existing forests and woodlands which have been depleted. Projects such as these have the added benefit of safeguarding the habitat of hundreds of species of animals which rely on forest and rainforest for survival. Wastewater Treatment Wastewater treatment facilities have a significant impact on reducing the environmental effects of various wastewater producing processes and factories. Industries which use innovation and technology to reduce their environmental impact are suitable for carbon credits based on CO2 reduction. Methane Capture Many processes and industries produce environmentally harmful methane, from landfill sites to mines and farms. Methane capture systems are a cost effective way of tackling climate change, and use proven technologies to address global warming. Methane fired power plants are already in use, turning the waste into energy, with the result being that projects such as these all produce carbon credits. 4

6 Green Investment Services Centralpoint, Beech Street, London EC2Y 8AD UK Switchboard: +44 (0) Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE This brochure (including any attachments) contains information that may be confidential. Unless you are the intended recipient (or authorized to receive for the intended recipient), you may not read, print, retain, use, copy, distribute or disclose to anyone the brochure or any information contained in the brochure. If you have received the brochure in error, please advise the sender by reply , and destroy all copies of the original brochure. Green Investment Services are not regulated or authorized to give tax or investment advice and you should seek independent financial and or tax advice before making any investment decisions. 5

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