Watershed and Water Quality Modeling to Support TMDL Determinations Lake Oologah

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1 Watershed and Water Quality Modeling to Support TMDL Determinations Lake Oologah 26 th Annual Conference Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association (OCLWA) April 5-6, 2017 Stillwater, Oklahoma

2 Lake Oologah Watershed-Lake Model Verdigris River Basin Pollutant Sources Designated Uses Water quality impairments Watershed Model Lake Model Model Results Model Application

3 Lake Oologah Verdigris River Basin Area upstream of lake is 4,339 sq-miles (23% in OK) 31,040 acre USACE reservoir Public water supply for Tulsa, Public Service of OK; Collinsville, Chelsea, Claremore; RWDs Rogers, Nowata, Washington Co. Point source wastewater Nonpoint source runoff from urban/rural areas

4 Designated Uses 303(d) Impairments and WQ Targets Flood control, water supply, recreation, navigation, fish and wildlife propagation Impaired for Warm Water Fish and Wildlife Propagation Classified as eutrophic lake by Trophic State Index (TSI) Annual 90 th percentile Turbidity < 25 NTU Surface DO > 5 mg/l Lake volume DO: < 50% can be < 2 mg/l during stratified season

5 EFDC HSPF Management Scenarios Flow, Loads Watershed Hydrodynamics Sediment Transport Water Quality Sediment Bed & Flux Water Quality Targets

6 HSPF Watershed Model Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran Sub-watersheds Rainfall/meteorology Topography Land uses/soil types Stream channels Overland flow Infiltration/groundwater Flow (Q) and WQ (TSS, Wtemp, DO, BOD, N, P, Algae)

7 HSPF Watershed Model Middle Verdigris 59 Sub-Watersheds 2 Yrs Calibration, Yrs Validation, drought year Flow (USGS) WQ (EPA, OWRB, USACE) State variables are Flow, TSS, Water Temperature, DO, BOD, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Algae

8 Flow and TP: Middle Verdigris R Flow (cfs) USGS Lenapah, OK TP (mg/l) USACE VR TP (mg/l)

9 Lake Oologah Conceptual Model Mass balance causeeffect watershed flow, loading & lake WQ response Riverine, transition, lacustrine zones affect transport and WQ in reservoir Summer stratified Winter well-mixed Hypolimnetic DO depletion controlled by stratification/sod Internal source of nutrients from sediment bed

10 Boeckmann (2010) Nowata Star, Jun 18,2003

11 Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) WQ Impact of Zebra Mussels? Legend OOL-1-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Bottom DO OOL_ Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) Legend OOL-1-Data Jan 2006-Dec 2007 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Sfc Chl-a OOL_ Dec-05 Feb-06 Apr-06 Jun-06 Aug-06 Oct-06 Dec-06 Feb-07 Apr-07 Jun-07 Aug-07 Oct-07 Dec-07 Time (days)

12 Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) WQ Impact of Zebra Mussels? Legend OOL-1-Data OOL-1-Model (Layer 1) OOL-1-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Bottom DO OOL_ Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) Model without Zebra Mussels 40 Legend OOL-1-Data OOL-1-Model (Layer 5) OOL-1-Data 30 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Sfc Chl-a OOL_ Dec-05 Feb-06 Apr-06 Jun-06 Aug-06 Oct-06 Dec-06 Feb-07 Apr-07 Jun-07 Aug-07 Oct-07 Dec-07 Time (days)

13 EFDC Surface Water Model Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code EFDC Model Hydrodynamics Water Quality Sediment Transport Toxics Sediment Diagenesis

14 Lake Model Data Data Set Lake bathymetry, water level, dam releases Watershed flow/loads Wastewater flow/loads Meteorology WQ (T,DO,TSS,N,P,Chl, Secchi, Turbidity) Sediment bed (TP, TKN, TOC, solids) Data Source USACE Tulsa District & City of Tulsa Oologah Lake Watershed Assessment Study (2012) HSPF watershed model NPDES DMR records Oklahoma Mesonet USACE WQ and Sediment Bed Chemistry, 5 sites

15 EFDC Lake Model Oolagah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Bottom Elev (m) Cells 5 Layers OOL_1 OOL_3 OOL_2 OOL_5 OOL_4 External Load: HSPF & WWTP (Flow, WQ), AtmDep (N,P) Hydro: Lake level, Temp Sediment: TSS, BedSolids WQ: Chl, DO, C, N,P Internal Load: SOD, N,P fluxes, Bed C,N,P Cal/Val: 4 sites, 2 yrs, 1/ /2007

16 Turbidity (NTU) Turbidity Storm: July 1-2, Oolagah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Turbidity: Sfc OOL_3 Legend Turbidity Model (NTU) OOL_3 (Sfc) Turbidity Obs (NTU) OOL_3 (Sfc) TSS vs Turbidity Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days)

17 Flow (m 3 /s) TSS, Storm: July 1-2, 2007 Flow (cms) Verdigris R, Lenapah, OK Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Boundary Condition Time Series Legend Flow, Series:Verdigris River Animation Bottom TSS 0 20-Jun Jun Jun Jul Jul Jul-2007 Time (days) Storm: July 1-2, 2007

18 Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Secchi Depth (m) Secchi Depth and Chlorophyll Legend i=43,j=33, OOL_3 Obs Data OOL-3 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Secchi Depth Secchi: OOL_ Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) Legend OOL-2-Model (Layer 5) OOL-2-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Chl-a: OOL_ Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days)

19 Dissolved Temperature Oxygen ( C) (mg/l) Dissolved Oxygen Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Legend Legend OOL-1-Model OOL-1-Model (Layer 5) (Layer 5) OOL-1-Data (Sfc) OOL-1-Data (Sfc) OOL-1-Model OOL-1-Model (Layer 1) (Layer 1) OOL-1-Data (Bottom) OOL-1-Data (Bottom) Sfc & Bot DO: OOL_ Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days)

20 Storm: July 1-2, 2007 Anoxic Volume Jun-July-Aug 2007 Storm Event July 1-2, 2007

21 Anoxic Volume Jun-July-Aug 2007 Animation Jun 9-Jul 27 Storm Event July 1-2, 2007 Animation

22 Total Phosphate (mg/l) Total P (mg/l) Nutrients (TP and PO4) Legend OOL-2-Model (Layer 5) OOL-2-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary TP: OOL_2 (Sfc) Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) Legend OOL-2-Model (Layer 5) OOL-2-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary PO4: OOL_2 (Sfc) Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days)

23 EFDC Sediment Flux Model POM Biological Production Detritus Deposition Internal Loading SOD Benthic Flux N Benthic Flux P Particulate Organic C,N,P Water Sediment Bed Decay Burial Dissolved Inorganic C,N,P

24 Sediment Bed Chemistry USACE Survey in Aug TP, TKN, TOC Bulk density; % Solids; % Sand, Silt, Clay Initial conditions for Sediment Flux Model based on USACE bed chemistry data, 5 sites

25 Phosphate Flux (g/m 2 /day) Sediment Flux PO4: Model & Observed 16 mg P m -2 day -1 Legend i=48,j=4 OOL_1 i=43,j=33 OOL_3 i=41,j=43 OOL_4 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Benthic Phosphate Flux OOL_ OOL_ OOL_ Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) Jan 2006-Dec 2007 (Dzialowski & Carter, OSU) N=17 Central Plains reservoirs

26 How Well Did Model Perform? Hydrodynamics: Simulated seasonal trends of water temperature and stratification Water Quality: Matched seasonal trends of DO, nutrients, chlorophyll, and secchi depth Sediment Flux: Internal benthic flux of phosphate comparable to observations from other mesotrophic and eutrophic Central Plains reservoirs

27 Zebra Mussels WQ in 2006 (ZM present) vs (ZM absent)? WQ change not detected in USACE station data WQ impact of ZM in Lake Oologah may be localized? ZM in Lake Hefner (2016) Recommend monitoring of ZM to track density and WQ over the years 2016 Distribution

28 Summary HSPF watershed and EFDC lake model provides DEQ with a defensible tool for WQ assessments Water quality targets are DO and turbidity Model will be used by DEQ to support TMDL determinations for Lake Oologah (TN, TP, TSS)

29 Lake Oologah Watershed-Lake Model Questions & Discussion Andy Stoddard Dynamic Solutions, LLC (540)

30

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