Corals and coral reefs. Dr. Rob van Woesik
|
|
|
- Beryl Fitzgerald
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Corals and coral reefs Dr. Rob van Woesik
2 Today Corals life cycle An amazing relationship symbiosis Coral growth Controlling factors
3
4
5
6 Coral polyp
7 A brief history Tynne (1859) reported coral gametogenesis,, but it was considered unusual; Brooding (viviparous) was the considered mode of reproduction (Marshall and Stephenson 1933; Yonge 1940; Kawaguti 1940); Photo. P. Harrison
8 Brooding (Wallace 1999)
9 Our understanding changed: (1) suggestions from Connell (1973) (2) discoveries of gamete release (Kojis and Quinn 1980; Szmant-Froelich et al. 1980), and
10 Mass synchronous spawning on the Great Barrier Reef (Harrison et al. 1984).
11
12 Broadcast spawning (Wallace 1999)
13
14 Acropora cerealis Acropora hyacinthus Perpendicular size (cm) above Perpendicular size (cm) above Maximum size (cm) Maximum size (cm)
15
16
17 Babcock et al Marine Biology 90:
18 From Veron (2000)
19 The dogma 1. Rise in SSTs 2. Lunar phase 3. Night time Photo. P. Harrison
20 30 25 # SPECIES SPAWN February March April May June July August September MONTH Penland et al 2004, Coral Reefs
21 Light
22 Japan spawning Solar insolation (kwh/m^2/day) DEC NOV OCT SEP AUG JUL JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN * * Amami-oshima * Okinawa Iriomote Latitude * Shirigai above
23 Three main variables 1. SSTs are poor predictors of coral spawning in the tropics. 2. Lunar phase - yes 3. Night time - yes solar insolation cycles coincide with coral spawning events.
24
25 Day 1 Day 3-4
26 6 March 2001
27 Gulf of Mexico Cyclone ACE Shelf Current LCE Cyclonic Gyre Mexico ACE U.S.A Cyclone LCE Loop Current 8 Yucatan Current Cayman Basin Nicaragua Rise Shelf Current Cyclone 9 7 CARE Cyclonic Gyre Florida Current Jamaica 5 4 CARE Columbian Basin Windward Passage 3 Atlantic Ocean Eddy Field Greater Antilles Mona Passage Caribbean Current Caribbean Sea 1 Venezuela Anegada Passage Netherlands Antilles Lesser Antilles YC: Yucatan Current LC: Loop Current LCE: Loop Current Eddy CARE: Caribbean Eddy ACE: (Smaller) Anticyclone
28 Black K Coral Reefs 12: 43-53
29
30 Model Domains of the Triply Nested Modelling System Jinyu Sheng Outer Model (19 km) Inner Model (2 km) Middle Model (6 km)
31
32
33
34
35
36 dle (egg & sperm) Planulae Sea surface Sexual fertillisation Passive dispersal Most of planulae die Active selection oral spawning Settlement
37 Post-settlement settlement events Major drivers of coral community structure Van Woesik et al. 1999; Van Woesik 2000; Van Woesik 2002
38 Reef flat and deep slope Stressful habitat not many species. Why?
39 Reef flats are: Too hot in summer Too cold in winter Exposed to air
40 Deep slopes Low light; < 8% surface light becomes a problem.
41 Fragmentation = asexual budding
42 Remote sensing SeaWiFS 1000 m MOS 500 m Space Shuttle 30-50m Landsat 30 m Modis 4 m Lidar 0.10 m
43 Today Corals life cycle An amazing relationship symbiosis Coral growth Controlling factors
44 10 9 s 10 6 s 10 3 s 10 4 s 10 2 s 10 3 m s 10 1 m s hν PCP D2 QA D1 Fe QB 10-3 m 2 acppc Phe P680 Z PQH 2 PQ 10-6 m m 2 Mn Mn hν fluorescence 2 H 2 O Mn Mn 4 H++4 e- +O m m 2
45 Zooxanthellae
46
47 Symbiosis
48 Acropora formosa Fagoonee et al Science 283:
49
50
51 Symbiotic dysfunction
52
53
54
55 Multi-site approach -subjected to different degrees of human influence One site stations within sites A site ( km scale), 2 stations (75 x 10 m) at each site, at least 7 sites within each region
56 Are reef productive? Yes and No. Yes; high gross production Most nutrients are recycled No; little net production
57 Birkeland C (1996) Life and death of coral reefs.
58 Hatcher B Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 55:
59 Extraction Can only extract a little before reef is damaged
60 Today Corals life cycle An amazing relationship symbiosis Coral growth Controlling factors
61 Light Kawaguti 1944
62 Light intensity Porites sillimaniani Low-light High-light
63 Light attenuation Depth (m) Light intensity (%). 30 cm 30 cm Sunlight
64 Sunlight Light resource Surface area 30 cm Large light resource 30 cm Same surface area
65 Solar insolation Amount of electromagnetic energy (solar radiation) incident on the surface of the earth (kw/m 2 /day -1 )
66
67 Massel and Done 1993 Corals of the World, Veron 2000
68 Wave energy stout Pocillopora damicornis colonies at a single location Corals of the World, Veron 2000
69 Ca HCO - 3 = CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O Removal of CO 2 enhances precipitation Add CO 2, we increase dissolution
70 Carbonate Chemistry CO 2 photosynthesis respiration CO 2 aq (CO 2 + H 2 O) H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid Alkalinity Mg 2+ Na + bicarbonate HCO 3 + H + Proportion of HCO 3 and CO 3 2 adjusts to balance alkalinity K + Ca 2+ carbonate CO H + [CO 3 2 ]= ALK TCO 2 CaCO 3 calcification
71 Changing Proportions of Carbonate Species 2x 1x
72 Massive corals: historical archives of shallow-water tropical ecosystems
73
74
75
76
77 density g.cm distance cm Annual density banding provides: Chronology Linear extension rate Average skeletal density Calcification rate (extension x density)
78 What can coral records tell us Baseline data on coral growth characteristics recent and distant past How the quantity and quality of freshwater has changed in space & time Implications for coral growth and reef health of climatic & environmental change Identify past stresses to coral reefs Provide backdrop of natural climatic & environmental variability and change
79
80
81 Anthropogenic impacts Land use changes Exploitation Pollution Photos: Robert van Woesik
82
83 Disturbances Downstream areas are affected by upstream activities.
84 Deforestation & poor land use Increase sediment Increase freshwater runoff
85
86 Hughes T Science 265:
87
88
89 Sustainability of reefs Manage the people
90 Management and enforcement Define protected areas Combine traditional and modern systems to ensure enforcement
91 What to protect Key spawning areas that supply other reefs
92 The future Recovery is rapid if the system is not influenced by humans Human disturbances induce slow recovery rates
93 Line m
94 Line 1 160m
95 Line 2 160m
96 Line 1 180m
97 Line 2 180m
98
Climate change and the ocean. Climate change and the ocean. Change in ocean currents. Change in ocean currents. Global conveyor belt
Climate change and the ocean Climate change and the ocean Avg Pacific and Indian Hurricane intensification, loss of coral reefs Atlantic Ocean Mean concentration of anthropogenic carbon as of 1994 in μmol/kg
Coral Reefs- A Challenging Ecosystem for Human Societies* B. Salvat Originally published in Global Environmental Change, 1992, vol. 2, pp.
Coral Reefs- A Challenging Ecosystem for Human Societies* B. Salvat Originally published in Global Environmental Change, 1992, vol. 2, pp. 12-18 18 Presented by: Amy Dewees & Melissa Parente What is coral?
Climate Change and Coral Bleaching
Rising ocean temperatures may push coral reefs to their limits. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching http://www.nova.org.au/coral-bleaching Essentials! Corals are animals that live in a mutually beneficial
Coral reefs. Coral reef ecosystems. Why are reefs important? Coastal ecosystems and ecosystem services
Coral reef ecosystems Coral reefs What are corals, what are reefs? Ecology Human stresses History of climate and human stresses Why are reefs important? Biodiversity Shoreline protection Nurse juvenile
Climate change and the ocean
Climate change and the ocean Hurricane intensification Sea level rise, loss of coral reefs Global conveyor belt Could less sea ice formation + melting Greenland ice sheet stop thermohaline circulation?
Life in Water. Chapter 3
Life in Water Chapter 3 Outline Hydrologic Cycle Oceans Shallow Marine Waters Marine Shores Estuaries, Salt Marshes, and Mangrove Forests Rivers and Streams Lakes 2 The Hydrologic Cycle Over 71% of the
CORAL REEF CONSERVATION LESSON PLAN A Reef of Your Own
Coral Reef Conservation CORAL REEF CONSERVATION LESSON PLAN A Reef of Your Own Theme Coral Reef Biology Links to Overview Essays and Resources Needed for Student Research http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/topics/ocean/coralreefs
Session 2 Biodiversity Conservation
Session 2 Biodiversity Conservation Nutrient Concentration and Water Turbidity on Coral Reef Area and their Effects on the Living Coral Koichi KINJO Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment
How Climate Change Affects Coral Reefs. Climate change is a very real phenomenon that currently affects many of the ecosystems
How Climate Change Affects Coral Reefs Climate change is a very real phenomenon that currently affects many of the ecosystems on Earth. Climate change occurs on a global scale and can be very detrimental
Coral Reefs and Climate Change
and Populations oral Reefs and limate hange 1 There are many different types of environments on the planet, and often many ecosystems within each environment. Ecosystems all contain a balance of abiotic
Grade 10 Academic Science Climate Change Unit Test
Grade 10 Academic Science Climate Change Unit Test Part A - Multiple Choice: Circle the most correct answer. 1. What is the difference between weather and climate? a. Weather deals with wind and precipitation;
M.L. Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, M. Anderson, L. Liang, N. Ohara Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis
Assessment of the Restoration Activities on Water Balance and Water Quality at Last Chance Creek Watershed Using Watershed Environmental Hydrology (WEHY) Model M.L. Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, M. Anderson, L.
Gas Guzzlers. Biological Pump
Gas Guzzlers Biological Pump Aquatic Biodiversity Chapter 8 Coral Reefs Open Ocean Deep Sea Marine equivalent of tropical rain forests Habitats for one-fourth of all marine species Coral polyps, which
The Carbon cycle. Atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and ocean are constantly exchanging carbon
The Carbon cycle Atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and ocean are constantly exchanging carbon The oceans store much more carbon than the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere The oceans essentially
EVALUATION OF THE SOLAR INCOME FOR BRAŞOV URBAN AREA
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Vol. (5) - Series I: Engineering Sciences EVALUATION OF THE SOLAR INCOME FOR BRAŞOV URBAN AREA C. ŞERBAN E. EFTIMIE Abstract: Energy is an essential factor
Ammonia costs spike sharply higher Nitrogen prices disrupt calm in fertilizer market By Bryce Knorr, grain market analyst
Ammonia costs spike sharply higher Nitrogen prices disrupt calm in fertilizer market By Bryce Knorr, grain market analyst Ammonia joined other forms of nitrogen in the parade of higher costs, with contracts
Saline Water - Considerations for Future Water Supply. Bruce Thomson Water Resources Program UNM
Saline Water - Considerations for Future Water Supply Bruce Thomson Water Resources Program UNM (bthomson@unm.edu) 1 Objectives Provide overview of Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology Identify differences
ESCI-61 Introduction to Photovoltaic Technology
April 7, 2010 1 ESCI-61 Introduction to Photovoltaic Technology Lecture #1 Ridha Hamidi, Ph.D. April 7, 2010 2 Today s Agenda 3:30-4:00 - Green sheet review and introductions 4:00-4:45 - Group Research
European Freight Forwarding Index
European Freight Forwarding Index 1 February 1 Sentiment is improving in the freight market Johannes Møller joml@danskebank.dk +45 45 12 36 Main conclusion from survey Our proprietary European Freight
Climate Change: Scientific basis and risks for the finance sector
Climate Change: Scientific basis and risks for the finance sector P. Hadjinicolaou 1,2 and C. Zerefos 1,3 1 Lab. of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment, University of Athens 2 Frederick Institute of
Chapter Concepts LIFE IN WATER. The Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Cycle
Chapter Concepts Chapter 3 LIFE IN WATER The hydrologic cycle exchanges water among reservoirs The biology of aquatic environments corresponds broadly to variations in physical factors such as light, temperature,
Electric Forward Market Report
Mar-01 Mar-02 Jun-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03 Sep-03 Dec-03 Mar-04 Jun-04 Sep-04 Dec-04 Mar-05 May-05 Aug-05 Nov-05 Feb-06 Jun-06 Sep-06 Dec-06 Mar-07 Jun-07 Sep-07 Dec-07 Apr-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08
Modeling Your Water Balance
Modeling Your Water Balance Purpose To model a soil s water storage over a year Overview Students create a physical model illustrating the soil water balance using glasses to represent the soil column.
Climate Change & Urbanization Have Changed River Flows in Ontario
Climate Change & Urbanization Have Changed River Flows in Ontario by Trevor Dickinson & Ramesh Rudra Water Resources Engineering University of Guelph Acknowledgements Agencies NSERC, OMAF & Environment
10 Productivity and Food Webs in the Sea. Notes for Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology By Jeffrey S. Levinton
10 Productivity and Food Webs in the Sea Notes for Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology By Jeffrey S. Levinton Microbial Loop 2 Larger consumers Microbial loop DOC & POC Viruses Bacteria Herbivores
Energy in the 21st Century John S. MacDonald
Energy in the 21st Century John S. MacDonald February 25, 2010 Energy Issues Security - Dependence Environmental Concerns on Foreign Energy Climate Change Demand and Supply Demand and Supply - A key Question
NOAA: The Heat is ON! Climate Change and Coral Reef Ecosystems
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP NOAA: The Heat is ON! Climate Change and Coral Reef Ecosystems Coral Bleaching Dr. Mark Eakin Thursday, April 30, 2009 Coral Bleaching 101 Presented by Mark Eakin
Lower Columbia River Pile Dike Assessment
Lower Columbia River Pile Dike Assessment David Gorman, PE August 2, 2011 Credits Hans R. Moritz, US Army Corps of Engineers Portland District Carl Kassebaum, AECOM Project Manager AECOM Coastal and Rivers
Energy from Tidal, River, and Ocean Currents and from Ocean Waves
Energy from Tidal, River, and Ocean Currents and from Ocean Waves EESI Briefing on The Role of Advanced Hydropower and Ocean Energy in Upcoming Energy Legislation Washington, DC 08 June 2007 George Hagerman
Cedar River Watershed Habitat Conservation Plan
Cedar River Watershed Habitat Conservation Plan Briefing for the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council November 21, 2013 Cyndy Holtz Seattle Public Utilities cyndy.holtz@seattle.gov What is an HCP? Habitat Conservation
Production vs Biomass
Patterns of Productivity OCN 201 Biology Lecture 5 Production vs Biomass Biomass = amount of carbon per unit area (= standing stock * C/cell) Units (e.g.): g C m -2 Primary Production = amount of carbon
How will we measure the response of carbon export in the ocean to climate change? Ken Johnson MBARI
How will we measure the response of carbon export in the ocean to climate change? Ken Johnson MBARI johnson@mbari.org Outline: Why care about ocean carbon flux? Future changes? How would we measure changes
Dead-Zones and Coastal Eutrophication: Case- Study of Chesapeake Bay W. M. Kemp University of Maryland CES Horn Point Laboratory Cambridge, MD
Dead-Zones and Coastal Eutrophication: Case- Study of Chesapeake Bay W. M. Kemp University of Maryland CES Horn Point Laboratory Cambridge, MD Presentation to COSEE Trends Orientation at UMCES HPL 4 August
Causes of Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia
Causes of Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Nancy N. Rabalais 1 R. Eugene Turner 2 1 Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium 2 Louisiana State University Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, Coastal Ocean
Patterns of Productivity
Patterns of Productivity OCN 201 Biology Lecture 8 Primary Production - the production of autotrophic biomass Secondary Production - the production of heterotrophic biomass Production vs Biomass Biomass
Application of a Basin Scale Hydrological Model for Characterizing flow and Drought Trend
Application of a Basin Scale Hydrological Model for Characterizing flow and Drought Trend 20 July 2012 International SWAT conference, Delhi INDIA TIPAPORN HOMDEE 1 Ph.D candidate Prof. KOBKIAT PONGPUT
Coupling SWAT with land cover and hydropower models for sustainable development in the Mekong Basin
Coupling SWAT with land cover and hydropower models for sustainable development in the Mekong Basin Mauricio E. Arias 1 Tom A. Cochrane 1, Thanapon Piman 1,2, Ornanorg Vonnarart 2, Thomas B. Wild 3, Daniel
WHY CARBON? The Carbon Cycle 1/17/2011. All living organisms utilize the same molecular building blocks. Carbon is the currency of life
The Carbon Cycle WHY CARBON? Inventories: black text Fluxes: purple arrows Carbon dioxide (+4) AN = 6 (6P/6N) AW = 12.011 Oxidation: -4 to +4 Isotopes: 11 C, 12 C, 1 C, 14 C Methane (-4) Carbon is the
Climate Change Challenges faced by Agriculture in Punjab
Climate Change Challenges faced by Agriculture in Punjab Dr. M. Mohsin Iqbal and Dr. Arshad M. Khan Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), Islamabad Seminar on Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture
Inquiry into Australia s biodiversity in a changing climate. 1. Terrestrial, marine and freshwater biodiversity in Australia and its territories
Inquiry into Australia s biodiversity in a changing climate Submission from the Australian Coral Reef Society 1. Terrestrial, marine and freshwater biodiversity in Australia and its territories Reefs and
Introducing the WBG Guidelines for selecting EFlow assessment methods. Cate Brown
Introducing the WBG Guidelines for selecting EFlow assessment methods Cate Brown This presentation Factors affected potential impacts Level of detail in EFlows assessments: Magnitude and complexity of
Chapter 05 Lecture Outline
Chapter 05 Lecture Outline William P. Cunningham University of Minnesota Mary Ann Cunningham Vassar College Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1
Project Report: SunMaxx Commercial Case Studies
Project Report: 14 x ThermoPower-VHP30 Total Gross Surface Area: 738.50 sq.ft Azimuth: 10 Incl.: 37 2100 gal/day 130 F Gas Boiler - 9 150 kbtu/hr StorMaxx NP Vol:2500 gal Existing Hot Water Heater Vol:1000
Georgia Performance Standards Correlations
Georgia Performance Standards Correlations Twinkling isn t just for stars. From glowing mushrooms and insect larvae to vampire squid and fluorescent corals, Earth is full of fascinating organisms that
John H. Kerr Dam and Reservoir Virginia and North Carolina (Section 216)
John H. Kerr Dam and Reservoir Virginia and North Carolina (Section 216) Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers Stakeholder Update Presentation January 24, 2014 Authorized under Section 216 of Public
The euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera in the coastal upwelling zone off the Oregon Coast, USA
The euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera in the coastal upwelling zone off the Oregon Coast, USA Euphausia pacifica Thysanoessa spinifera C. Tracy Shaw, Leah R. Feinberg, Jennifer Fisher,
SALTON SEA SOLAR PONDS PILOT PROJECT
SALTON SEA SOLAR PONDS PILOT PROJECT Agrarian Research 162 East Line Street Suite E Bishop, CA 93514 Under contract to: Goal of Salinity Management Stabilize (or reduce slightly) the salinity of the Salton
21 st Century Climate Change Impacts on Marine Fisheries
21 st Century Climate Change Impacts on Marine Fisheries Anne B. Hollowed, NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA USA International Workshop on Climate and Oceanic Fisheries, Rarotonga,
HYPOXIA Definition: ~63 µm; 2 mg l -1 ; 1.4 ml l -1 ; 30 %
HYPOXIA Definition: ~63 µm; 2 mg l -1 ; 1.4 ml l -1 ; 30 % Consequences of hypoxia Reduce habitat for living resources Change biogeochemical processes P released from sediments Denitrification reduced
Urban Greening and the UHI: Seasonal Trade-offs in Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption in Manchester, UK
Urban Greening and the UHI: Seasonal Trade-offs in Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption in Manchester, UK T H E R E S E A R C H E R S C y n t h i a S k e l h o r n PhD Physical Geography Post-Doctoral
The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Highlights and perspectives from two decades of ocean observations
The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Highlights and perspectives from two decades of ocean observations MATTHEW CHURCH UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII OCB SCOPING WORKSHOP SEPTEMBER 2010 A Dedicated HOT Team NSF What
Transmission Planning at the Midwest ISO. Mr. Eric Laverty Senior Manager of Transmission Access Planning Midwest ISO June 26 th, 2008
Transmission Planning at the Midwest ISO Mr. Eric Laverty Senior Manager of Transmission Access Planning Midwest ISO June 26 th, 2008 Midwest ISO: What We Do Monitor flow of power over the high voltage
Monitoring Coral Reef Ecosystems with Quadrats
Monitoring Coral Reef Ecosystems with Quadrats Background & Key Concepts Coral reefs grow at rates ranging from 1 cm to 100 cm per year. Over long periods of time, they can form huge structures, making
Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities can be classified as freshwater
Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities can be classified as freshwater or saltwater. The two sets of communities interact and are joined by the water cycle. Gravity eventually returns all fresh water
1. Jill made the table below during her research on aquatic zones and living organisms. Based on Jill s observations, which conclusion could you draw?
1. Jill made the table below during her research on aquatic zones and living organisms. Based on Jill s observations, which conclusion could you draw? A. Organisms in the intertidal zone must be able to
CHP Case Studies. Midwest CHP Application Center (MAC) .org (312) University of Illinois at Chicago Energy Resources Center UIC
CHP Case Studies Midwest CHP Application Center (MAC) www.chpcentermw.org.org (312)413-5448 University of Illinois at Chicago Energy Resources Center CHP Case Studies Elgin Community College Presbyterian
Raynet Software Lifecycle
Raynet Software End of End of RMSi 10.6 2016-Dec 2018-Dec* 2020-Dec* RMSi 10.5 2016-Jan 2018-Jan 2020-Jan RMSi 10.4 2014-May 2016-May 2018-May RMS/RMSi 10.3 2014-Feb 2016-Feb 2018-Feb RMS/RMSi 10.2 2013-Nov
ISO Monitoring and Measurement Nonconformance and Corrective and Preventative Action
ISO 14001 4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement 4.5.2 Nonconformance and Corrective and Preventative Action 4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement The organization shall establish and maintain documented procedures
Lakes: Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling. Lecture Outline
OCN 401-Biogeochemical Systems (10.06.16) Lakes: Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 8 Lecture Outline 1. Seasonal cycle of lake stratification Temperature / density relationship
What is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions.
Ecology What is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions. Biotic Factors Living things in the environment. Animals Plants Fungi Protists Bacteria Abiotic
BIOMES. Living World
BIOMES Living World Biomes Biomes are large regions of the world with distinctive climate, wildlife and vegetation. They are divided by terrestrial (land) or aquatic biomes. Terrestrial Biomes Terrestrial
Ocean Production and CO 2 uptake
Ocean Production and CO 2 uptake Fig. 6.6 Recall: Current ocean is gaining Carbon.. OCEAN Reservoir size: 38000 Flux in: 90 Flux out: 88+0.2=88.2 90-88.2 = 1.8 Pg/yr OCEAN is gaining 1.8 Pg/yr Sum of the
Chesapeake Bay. report card
Chesapeake Bay report card 2010 C- C Healthy water quality provides better habitat conditions for crabs, fish, and other aquatic species. issolved oxygen is essential to the survival of all these organisms;
Mathematical models in predicting the fate of Lake Pyhäjärvi waters
Mathematical models in predicting the fate of Lake Pyhäjärvi waters Pori 22.10.2014 Timo Huttula, Inese Huttunen, Olli Malve, Anita Pätynen and Janne Ropponen SYKE Recent projects and modelling (besides
Administration Division Public Works Department Anchorage: Performance. Value. Results.
Administration Division Anchorage: Performance. Value. Results. Mission Provide administrative, budgetary, fiscal, and personnel support to ensure departmental compliance with Municipal policies and procedures,
Environmental Science. Physics and Applications
Environmental Science 1 Environmental Science. Physics and Applications. Carbon Cycle Picture from the IPCC report on the environment. 4. Carbon cycle 4.1 Carbon cycle, introduction 4.2 The oceans 4.3
ANNUAL ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS IN BRAŞOV, ROMANIA
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series I: Engineering Sciences Vol. 5 (54) No. 2-212 ANNUAL ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS IN BRAŞOV, ROMANIA C. ŞERBAN 1 E. EFTIMIE 1 Abstract:
New Specialty Crops for California
New Specialty Crops for California Mark Gaskell, Farm Advisor UC Cooperative Extension - Santa Maria UC Statewide Small Farm Program California Offers A Special Mix Diverse growing environments Large,
AP Environmental Science
AP Environmental Science Types of aquatic life zones MARINE Estuaries coral reefs mangrove swamps neritic zone pelagic zone FRESHWATER lakes and ponds streams and rivers wetlands Distribution of aquatic
Ocean Acidification. Presentation to the SCCWRP Commission March 8, 2013
Ocean Acidification Presentation to the SCCWRP Commission March 8, 2013 Background At the last Commission meeting, I summarized recommendations from Washington s Blue Ribbon Panel on Ocean Acidification
Lecture 9A: Drainage Basins
GEOG415 Lecture 9A: Drainage Basins 9-1 Drainage basin (watershed, catchment) -Drains surfacewater to a common outlet Drainage divide - how is it defined? Scale effects? - Represents a hydrologic cycle
The Global Carbon Cycle
The Global Carbon Cycle In a nutshell We are mining fossil CO 2 and titrating into the oceans, (buffered by acid-base chemistry) Much of the fossil CO 2 will remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years
The Hydrological and Ecological Impacts of Climate Change in a Large Lake Case Study of Lake Saimaa, Finnish Lake District
Waterpraxis The Hydrological and Ecological Impacts of Climate Change in a Large Lake Case Study of Lake Saimaa, Finnish Lake District Seppo Hellsten Finnish Environment Institute SYKE 19/01/2011-1 Main
Utilization of the SWAT Model and Remote Sensing to Demonstrate the Effects of Shrub Encroachment on a Small Watershed
Utilization of the SWAT Model and Remote Sensing to Demonstrate the Effects of Shrub Encroachment on a Small Watershed Jason Afinowicz Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M University
Regional Habitat Indicators Project. Workshop #1. Nov 9, 2016
Regional Habitat Indicators Project Workshop #1 Nov 9, 2016 Workshop Objectives Vet recommendations for management questions with Fist-to-Five Review and identify missing indicators Identify criteria for
Life cycle analysis of thermosyphon solar water heaters
Life cycle analysis of thermosyphon solar water heaters Soteris A. KALOGIROU Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences and Engineering Cyprus University of Technology, P. O. Box 50329,
SCOPE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA - A STUDY OF SOLAR AND WIND RESOURCE POTENTIAL
SCOPE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA - A STUDY OF SOLAR AND WIND RESOURCE POTENTIAL Gautham Krishnadas and Ramachandra T V Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences,
Condenser Water Heat Recovery"
PLEASE MUTE CELL PHONES Condenser Water Heat Recovery" Julian de Bullet ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Director of Industry Relations McQuay International 703-395-5054 1 What Is Sustainability? sustainable
Hood River Water Conservation Strategy: achieving long-term water resource reliability for agriculture & local fish populations
Hood River Water Conservation Strategy: achieving long-term water resource reliability for agriculture & local fish populations Cindy Thieman Hood River Watershed Group Ed Salminen & Niklas Christensen
An investment model for large-scale green
Fargo, ND May 31 2007 An investment model for large-scale green infrastructure: re-mosaicking the prairies 3rd International Sustainable Wetland Plant Management Conference Henry David (Hank) Venema, PhD,
Status of Canadian Energy Storage. Edward Morofsky Richard Stockton College May 2006
Status of Canadian Energy Storage Edward Morofsky Richard Stockton College May 2006 Ottawa Average Temps and RH Monthly Ottawa Temperatures Ottawa Humidity 30 90 25 80 Degrees C 20 15 10 5 0-5 -10-15 Jan
15.1 Life in the Earth System. KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earth s four interconnected systems.
15.1 Life in the Earth System KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earth s four interconnected systems. 15.1 Life in the Earth System The biosphere is the portion of Earth that is inhabited by life. The
General Instream Flow Methods Overview. Agency Meeting on 2012 Draft Study Descriptions January 24, 2011
General Instream Flow Methods Overview Agency Meeting on 2012 Draft Study Descriptions January 24, 2011 1 Susitna River 2 Main Channel and Side Channels 3 Sloughs and Side Channels 4 Turbidity Portage
Geothermal Energy for the Renewable Energy House
European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal Energy for the Renewable Energy House Presentation for the Workshop on the Inauguration day, 22.3.2006 Dr. Burkhard Sanner President, EGEC Geothermal Energy
IASI AND IASI NG, MERLIN, MICROCARB FOR CH 4 AND CO 2 OBS. IN THE TROPOSPHERE
CEOS-ACC- Séoul, October 14th, 2016 IASI AND IASI NG, MERLIN, MICROCARB FOR CH 4 AND CO 2 OBS. IN THE TROPOSPHERE Prepared by C. DENIEL, CNES, France (carole.deniel@cnes.fr) With contributions from C.
Issues Options and Strategies for Flood Management : Shifts in approaches for flood Management in Bangladesh
Issues Options and Strategies for Flood Management : Shifts in approaches for flood Management in Bangladesh Ainun Nishat and Raquibul Amin Bangladesh Country Office Flooding: disaster or fact of life?
Settlement Agreement Report
Settlement Agreement Report Fourth Quarter October December 2010 Prepared for the Technical Oversight Committee February 15, 2011 Prepared by: Cheol Mo, Violeta Ciuca, and Stuart Van Horn Restoration Sciences
Overview of Climate Science
1 Overview of Climate Science This overview of climate science is written to support the development of a K- 14 climate education plan for the Pacific Islands Climate Education Partnership (PCEP). It aims
TROPICS: insolation high year round, high sun angle and ~ constant duration
GE 101, February 6, 14 Finish insolation variation Global environmental issues associated with insolation TRPICS: insolation high year round, high sun angle and ~ constant duration MID-LATITUDES: insolation
LAKE TRASIMENO BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE. Alessandro Ludovisi.
UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PERUGIA DIPARTIMENTO DI CHIMICA, BIOLOGIA E BIOTECNOLOGIE LAKE TRASIMENO BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE Alessandro Ludovisi e-mail : alessandro.ludovisi@unipg.it Lake Trasimeno The past
Assessing the Conditions of Coral Reefs and Seagrass Communities in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea (Oct. 2010~Sep. 2020)
map:b Assessing the Conditions of Coral Reefs and Seagrass Communities in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea (Oct. 2010~Sep. 2020) map:a B Project Location: Inner Gulf of Thailand: Chonburi Province
Ecology: Chapters Worksheet
Ecology: Chapters 34 36 Worksheet Name: Chapter 34: The Biosphere Concept 34.1 The biosphere is the global ecosystem. (pp. 744 749) The scientific study of the interactions among organisms and between
COST ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR POWER SUPPLY FOR REMOTE AREA IN YEMEN : A CASE STUDY FOR SOCOTRA ISLAND
COST ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR POWER SUPPLY FOR REMOTE AREA IN YEMEN : A CASE STUDY FOR SOCOTRA ISLAND Saqqaf A. Alkaf, Mohammed A. Muqbel and Salem M. Bin Qadhi + Mechanical Engineering Department,
Changes in coastal environment and mass occurrence of jellyfish in Tokyo Bay. Haruto ISHII. (Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology)
Changes in coastal environment and mass occurrence of jellyfish in Tokyo Bay Haruto ISHII (Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology) Ecosystem in hyper eutrophicated bay High concentrations of
Nutrient Limitation in the Symbiotic Association between Zooxanthellae and Reef-building Corals: The Experimental Design!
Pacific Science (1994), vol. 48, no. 3: 219-223 1994 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Nutrient Limitation in the Symbiotic Association between Zooxanthellae and Reef-building Corals:
Challenges in Seoul Metropolitan for restoring urban water cycle
Challenges in Seoul Metropolitan for restoring urban water cycle Reeho Kim*, Seung Won Lee, Jung-hun Lee Daehee Lee, Muhammad Shafique Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology 1 Table
Relationships between Residence Time and Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Nutrient-Rich River System
Relationships between Residence Time and Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Nutrient-Rich River System Michael F. Coveney, John C. Hendrickson, Erich R. Marzolf, Rolland S. Fulton, Jian J. Di, Clifford P. Neubauer,